leviticus “and he called”. clean and unclean o ritually o makes a distinction between the clean...
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Leviticus“and he called”
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Clean and Uncleano Rituallyo Makes a distinction between the clean and
uncleano Separated for a period of timeo Must purify ones self
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Holiness CodeLeviticus 17-26
• “In the context of the history of religious ideas, the Holiness Code is an early example of the interpretive application of authoritative tradition.” (Wright, 363)
o explains, adapts, updates, and reformulates the Priestly Torah
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How does it do this?• Holiness of G-d?
o P • “Through those who are near me I will show myself
holy, and before all the people I will be glorified.” (Lev 10:3b)
o H – shows how certain behaviors make God’s name unholy• “The LORD spoke to Moses saying: Direct Aaron and
his sons to deal carefully with the sacred donations of the people f Israel, which they dedicate to me, so that they may not profane my holy name; I am the LORD.” (Lev 22:2)
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Lev 11• Yes
o Land animals: Divided hoofs, cleft-footed and chews the cudo Sea creatures: fins and scaleso Air creatures: does not specifyo Winged creatures: winged insects that walk on all fours that have
jointed legs above their feet - locusts, bald locusts, cricket, grasshopper,
o Swarming creatures: does not specify
• No – shall not eat or toucho Land animals: Those that chew the cud or have divided hoofs
• Camel, rock badger, hare, pig,o Sea creatures: lobster, crab, shellfisho Air creatures: Eagle, vulture, osprey, buzzard, kite, raven, ostrich,
nighthawk, sea gull, hawk, little owl, cormorant, great owl, water hen, desert owl, carrion vulture, stork, heron, hoopoe, bat
o Winged creatures: all other winged creatureso Swarming creatures: weasel, mouse, great lizard, gecko, land crocodile,
lizard, sand lizard, chameleon
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Lev 11(P)
Lev 20:22-26 ( an addendum to Lev 11)
• “You shall keep all of my statutes and all my ordinances, and observe them. So that the land to which I bring to you settle in may not vomit you out, You shall not follow the practices of the nation that I am driving out before you. Because they did all these things, I abhorred them. But I have said to you: You shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you to possess, a land flowing with milk and honey. I am the LORD your G-d; I have separated you from the peoples. You shall therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and unclean, and between the unclean bird and the clean; you shall not bring abomination on yourselves by animal or by bird or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have set apart for you to hold unclean. You shall be holy to me; for I the LORD am holy, and I have separated you from the other peoples to be mine.”
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Why these animals?• Categorization and Evaluation of Different Kinds
of Interpretations of the Laws of Clean and Unclean Animals in Lev 11 by Jiri Moskala (2002)
• Food for Thought: Systems of Categorization in Lev 11 by Naphtali S. Meshel (2008)
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Christians and Kashrut/Kosher
• Mark 7:19• Acts 10:12-15; 15
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Kosher?The most common symbol of kosher certification, from the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations, New York.
Other Symbols of Kosher.
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Specific instructions on Priestly
garments
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Lev 13Leprosy
• “The person who has the leprous disease shall wear torn clothes and let the hair on his head be disheveled; and he shall cover his upper lip and cry out, “Unclean, unclean.” He shall remain unclean as long as he has the disease; he is unclean. He shall live alone; his dwelling shall be outside the camp.” (v. 45-46)
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The Scapegoat
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Lev 17:11• The blood makes the atonement
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Lev 18:22• ‘You shall not not lie with a male as with a
woman; it is an abomination”
• Leviticus 18:22 and 20:13: Who is Doing What to Whom? By Jerome T. Walsh (2001)
• Context of Holiness Code
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Lev 19 Various Rules of
Conduct
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“You shall not heart in yourHeart anyone of your kin;you shall reprove yourNeighbors; or you willIncur guilt yourself. YouShall not take vengeance orbear a grudge against anyOf your people; but youShall love your neighborAs yourself; I am the LORD.(19:17-18)
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19:27
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Lev 19.28Lev 20.13
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20.9
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The Penalties for Violations
• death
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Holiness of Places• Sanctuary, the camp, the land
• Graduation of holiness
• New Testament “tearing of the curtain”