leveraging the impact of climate finance through mdbs ko sakamoto transport economist asian...
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Leveraging the impact of climate finance through MDBs
Ko SakamotoTransport Economist
Asian Development Bank
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Source: M. Breithaupt
Content
1. MDBs and sustainable transport2. Climate finance: The experience so far3. Maximizing future opportunities through
NAMAs
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Source: M. Breithaupt
Content
1. MDBs and sustainable transport
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MDB joint statement + voluntary commitment
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The commitment
$175 billion
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Congestion
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Air pollution
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Severance
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Climate change
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Copyright Ko Sakamoto
Road safety
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• Sustainable Transport = accessible, affordable, efficient, financially sustainable, environment friendly, safe
• MDBs have been changing to focus on ST
Background to the commitment
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Priority areas:
1. Urban transport
2. Transport and climate change
3. Logistics and cross-border transport
4. Road safety and social sustainability
ADB’s Sustainable Transport Initiative
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2000 - 2009 hist
orical
2012-2014 pipeline
2020 targe
tUrbanAirWaterRailwayRoad
2%21%
30%17%
19%25%
78%57%
42%
Urban
Railway
Road
Progress so far
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Implementing the commitment
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Source: M. Breithaupt
Content
2. Climate finance: The experience so far
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Domestic fi
nance FD
I
Internati
onal deb
t finan
ce
MDB lending (
2012)ODA
CTF
GEF, in
cl. co
financin
gGEF
CDM
0100200300400500600700
582.56
148.73 149.62
17 8.09 0.6 0.3 0.02 0.01
Climate financeSource: ITDP, 2010, based on UNFCCC (2007) and Bakker and Huizenga (2010)
Global transport investments by source of finance in annual terms (US$ bn)
Climate finance for transport
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Example: CDM for BRT
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Source: M. Breithaupt
Example: GEF for public transport
GEF Program supporting public transport projects in:
• Bangladesh• Mongolia• PRC
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STI lending examples –Ulaan Baatar BRT
BRTBefore
After
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The experience so far
Climate finance has:
• Helped elevate project profile
• Allowed innovative features
• Helped make the case for projects
But with:
• Heavy transaction costs
• Uncertainty• Administrative
challenges
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Source: M. Breithaupt
Content
3. Maximizing future opportunities through NAMAs
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Nationally Appropria
te
Mitigation
Action
NAMA
Supports competitiveness
Reduces traffic accidents
Reduces air pollution
Relieves congestion
Reduces GHGs fromthe baseline….
In a measurable wayOften referred to as
Co-benefits
Reduces poverty
“MRV”
NAMAs put climate finance in appropriate context of development
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Source: M. Breithaupt
NAMAs vs CDM
CDM NAMAs0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
OthersAgricultureForestryBuildingsWasteIndustryTransportEnergy supply
Source: Van der Tak (2013)
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Submitted NAMAs
NAMAs in preparation
Actions not referred to as NAMAs
Tip of the iceberg
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Highlight opportunities
Measure (MRV)
Match with finance, technology, knowledge
Copyright Ko Sakamoto
Homework ahead
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• Guidance to policy makers on what can be T-NAMAs
• Ensure transport ministries and local governments are engaged in NAMA formulation
• Learn from best practices within and outside of the region (south-south transfer)
• Ensure supportive policy framework is in place (e.g. legislation and institutions)
Highlight opportunities
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• MRV is key to make a low carbon transport project/policy a NAMA!
• Ensure MRV requirements do not restrict efforts in the sector
Policy identification and programmingMeasure (MRV)
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• Further develop transport sector compatible tools/methodologies to MRV transport NAMAs.
• ADB working on:Transport Emissions Evaluation Model
for Projects (TEEMP)Methodologies for public transport
Policy identification and programmingMeasure (MRV)
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Policy identification and programmingMeasure (MRV)
30%
30%
30%
10%
Economic
Environmental12.GHG emissions13.Transport-related
emissions & pollution14.Natural & built
environment15.Resource efficiency16.Climate resilience
1. Movement of people2. Movement of goods3. Quality & reliability4. Fiscal burden5. Employment6. Wider economic benefits:
cross-border, urban, rural
Social
7. Basic accessibility8. Affordability9. Inclusion10.Social cohesion11. Safety, security
& health
Risk to Sustainability17.Design & evaluation risk18. Implementation risk19.Operational risk
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• Work to improve quality and quantity of data
• ADB working on improving data in Asia and the Pacific
Policy identification and programmingMeasure (MRV)
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• Role of MDBs:–Provide scaled-up finance–Promote technology and knowledge
transfer
Amplify impacts of climate finance
Match with finance, technology, knowledge
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Thanks for your attention!
Ko SakamotoTransport Economist
Asian Development Bank