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Unit 4

Unit 5

Unit 6

Unit 1

Unit 2

Unit 3

Grammar Reference

Frequency adverbs0%    100%

never    rarely    sometimes    often    usually    always

The verb be—affirmative and negative Negative

I am not (I’m not)

late.

You are not (You aren’t)He is not (He isn’t)

We are not (We aren’t)You are not (You aren’t)

They are not (They aren’t)

AffirmativeI am (I’m)

here.

You are (You’re)He, She, It is (He’s, She’s, It’s)

We are (We’re)You are (You’re)

They are (They’re)

can/can’t for abilityWe use can to talk about ability.

Affirmative NegativeI

can play soccer.

IYou You

He/She He/She can’t play the guitar.We We

They They

Questions Short answersCan I/you/he/she/we/they sing? Yes, I/you/he/she/we/they can.

No, I/you/he/she/we/they can’t.

Simple present statementsAffirmative Negative

IYouWe

They

work in a restaurant.

IYouWeThe

don’t work in the summer.

HeShe

works as a teacher.HeShe

doesn’t likehis job. her job.

It opens six days a week. It doesn’t open on Mondays.Spelling: With he/she/it, add –s to most verbs, e.g., likes, opens. Note: some verbs end in –es, e.g., teaches, goes, finishes

Simple present—information questionsQuestion word Auxiliary Subject Verb

What/Where/When/Why/What time

do I/you/we/they have (for) breakfast? eat?

drink?does he/she

does it start?

Simple present—yes/no questionsYes/No questions Short answers

Do Iyou we they

work every day?

Yes, I doyou we they

No, I don’tyou we they

Does heshe

finish late? Yes, he doesshe

Yes, he doesn’tshe

Does it close late? Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.

The article the We use the indefinite articles a/an the first time to introduce something or someone in general.We use the definite article the the second time when we refer to something or someone specific.

a/an— the—I can see a woman with two boxes. The boxes are big.

yes/no questions with beYes/No questions Short answers

Am I

late?

Yes, I am./No, I’m notAre you Yes, you are./No, you aren’t

Is he, she , it Yes, he/she/it is. / No, he/she/it isn’t.Are we Yes, we are./No, we aren’t.

Are they Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.Is this Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.

Are these Yes, they are./No, they aren’t.

be—information questionsQuestion word Use with Example

What things, names What’s your name?

Where placesWhere are you from?

Where’s Dresden?How old age How old is he?

Who people Who’s our coach?

Possessive nouns—’s and s’Singular nouns and names Regular plural nouns and names with -s

Add ’s: She isn’t Ellen’s sister. It’s her family’s house.

Add ’ after the –s: Is she the Stanleys’ daughter?

Is it her friends’ car?

a/an and plural nounsA noun that starts with a

consonant sound (e.g., b, d, f, k, n)

A noun that starts with a vowel sound: a, e, i, o, u

Plural nouns

a camera a bicycle

an e-reader an umbrella

chairs boxes

Spelling: Change y to i for verbs ending in consonant + y, e.g. dictionaries, celebrities. Note: box—boxes, watch—watches

Possessive adjectivesSubject pronouns Possessive adjectives

I’m Sting. My real name is Gordon Sumner.You’re Madonna. Your last name is Ciccone.

He’s 50 Cent. His real name is Curtis Jackson.She’s Marilyn Monroe. Her real name is Norma Jeane Mortenson.

We’re The Jonas Brothers. Our first names are Joe, Kevin, and Nick.You’re The Black Eyed Peas. Your first names are Stacy, Jaime, William, and Allan.

They’re The Veronicas. Their names are Jessica and Lisa.

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