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Giuseppe “Gippa” Paternò

Let's sleep betterprogramming techniques to face new security attacks

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DevOps

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Bots are awesome!

“Resistance is futile”

NSA & GCHQ

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So, what shall I do?

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Input Validation

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Use your framework! (examples in python)

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Injection flaws

class Person(forms.Form):

username = forms.CharField(max_length=50)

name = forms.CharField(max_length=50)

surname = forms.CharField(max_length=50)

email = forms.EmailField(max_length=50, label=‘E-mail’)

form = Person(request.POST)

if form.is_valid():

request.session['name'] = form.cleaned_data['name']

request.session['surname'] = form.cleaned_data['surname']

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Cross Site Scripting (XSS)

Badfrom django.http import HttpResponse

def say_hello(request):

name = request.GET.get('name', 'world')

return HttpResponse('<h1>Hello, %s!</h1>' % name)

Goodfrom django.shortcuts import render

def say_hello(request):

name = request.GET.get('name', 'world')

return render(request, 'hello.html', {'name': name})

# template.html

<h1>Hello, {{ name }}!</h1>

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Insecure Direct Object Reference

Baddef dump_file(request):

filename = request.GET["filename"]

filename = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, filename)

content = open(filename).read()

Goodpath = posixpath.normpath(urllib.unquote(path))

for part in path.split('/'):

if not part:

continue

drive, part = os.path.splitdrive(part)

head, part = os.path.split(part)

if part in (os.curdir, os.pardir):

continue

newpath = os.path.join(newpath, part).replace('\\', '/')

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Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Middleware

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (

'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',

In Template

form method="POST" action="{% url my_view %}">

{% csrf_token %}

{{ form.as_p }}

<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Submit</button>

</form>

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Unvalidated redirects and forwards

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… if you can’t use your framework …

Escape User Input

White List

Stored Procedures

Parametrised Queries

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Authentication &Authorization

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10 millions of victims of identity theft in USA in 2008 (Javelin Strategy and Research, 2009)

221 billions $ lost every year due to identity theft (Aberdeen Group)

35 billion corporate and government records compromised in 2010 (Aberdeen Group)

2 yearsof a working resource to correct damages due to identity theft (ITRC Aftermath Study, 2004)

2 billions $ damages reported in Italy in 2009 (Ricerca ABI)

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Are you the next one?

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Broken authentication

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Missing function-level access control

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Rely on a proven authentication backend!

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Use a 2 Factor Authentication

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Authorise every single request (is he/she entitled to perform the request?)

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Underlying platform

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Security misconfiguration

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Sensitive data exposure

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Using software with known vulnerabilities

(aka patching!)

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Use automation tools (Puppet, Chef, Ansible, …)

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… don’t be selfish: audit yourself :)

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Remote APIs

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Input Validation … just in case you forgot ;-)

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Assign class/capabilities to API endpoint

app = Applications.objects.filter(uuid=app_id, secret=app_secret)[0]

can_delete = app.can_delete

can_write = app.can_write

privacy = app.privacy

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Restrict source IP/Network access

try:

# IPv4

if ipaddress.ip_address(remote_address).version == 4:

if ipaddress.IPv4Address(remote_address) in \

ipaddress.IPv4Network(app.ipv4_net):

is_authorized = True

# IPv6

else:

if ipaddress.IPv6Address(remote_address) in \

ipaddress.IPv6Network(app.ipv6_net):

is_authorized = True

except:

is_authorized = False

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APIs request throttling (aka DDoS prevention)

from ratelimit.decorators import ratelimit

@ratelimit(key='ip')

def myview(request):

# ...

@ratelimit(key='ip', rate='100/h')

def secondview(request):

# ...

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Do not expose information in URLs (Proxy are logging!!!)

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Encrypt transport and payload

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I hate it ….. but ….

oauth2

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Example: SecurePass APIs

• RESTful APIs

• mixture of POST (in request) and JSON (in response)

• Channel encrypted with TLS high cypher

• Endpoint identified by APP ID and APP Secret

• Example: /api/v1/users/info

API limits:

• in capabilities, APP ID read-only or read-write

• in network, APP ID can be limited to a given IPv4/IPv6

• in scope, APP APP ID is linked to only a specific realm/domain ID is linked to only a specific realm/domain

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For the braves: Mandatory Access Control

• Isolate API endpoint processes from each other and other processes on a machine.

• Use Mandatory Access Controls (MAC) on top of Discretionary Access Controls to segregate processes, ex: SE-Linux

• Objective: containment and escalation of API endpoint security breaches.

• Use of MACs at the OS level severely limit access to resources and provide earlier alerting on such events.

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Mobile Applications

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Authenticate User (2FA must)

Request Device ID to backend

Keep track of device info (OS, name, …)

Generate unique ID for the mobile

Use Device ID for every request

Update last device ID timestamp

Re-challenge user auth if not used

Allow device deletion (lost/stolen)

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Continuous Security /

Continuous Integration

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Build

Funcional tests

Static security tests

Create template

Deploy template

Automated VA

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Static code analysers

• http://samate.nist.gov/index.php/Source_Code_Security_Analyzers.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis

• https://github.com/google/firing-range

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<vendor>

</vendor>

Cloud Identity Management Two Factor Authentication Web Single Sign-On

Few minutes to integrate www.secure-pass.net (free account available)

Remote audit of the service Compliance check Easy to read report

http://www.garl.ch/

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“Giuseppe is paving the way for enterprises to embrace OpenStack. Telecom Italia is, nonetheless, among these enterprises.”

Gianluca Pancaccini, CIO of Telecom Italia

"Giuseppe has done a great job of creating an important source of information on OpenStack technology“

Jeff Cotten, CEO of RackSpace International

“SUSE appreciate Giuseppe clear and concise explanation of OpenStack and it's architecture. This will be a valuable resource.”

Ralf Flaxa, VP of Engineering SUSE

Donate now: https://life-changer.helvetas.ch/openstack

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Giuseppe Paternòwww.gpaterno.com

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