Let’s Review!!

• When do teeth form beneath the gums?

• On average, when do most teeth break the gum surface?

• What is the average length of a newborn baby?

• What is the average weight of a newborn baby?

• What is the process where bones begin to harden?

• What two nutrients are essential for bone development?

• What is gross motor development?

• What is fine motor development?

Infants – Physical DevelopmentPart 2

Child Development

Unit 2: Infants

Godbey

Head-to-Foot

• Begins before birth

• Unborn baby develops a head, then arm buds, and then leg buds

• At birth, babies have well-developed facial muscles but less-developed leg muscles.

Head and Neck Control

• Heads supported continually

• By two months= most babies spend a great deal of time with their heads and chests raised.

• 3 and 4 months= eye muscles are well developed, permitting babies to focus on objects in any direction, smile,

• 6 months= head control is complete

Trunk Control

• Control of trunk develops slower than control of the head

• Two milestones of trunk control:– Rolling over– Sitting

Rolling Over

• 2-5 months = Roll over front to back

• 3-6 months = Roll over back to front

Sitting

• Takes time

• Must first gain strength in neck and back and must be able to control the head

Watch What I Can Do!!

• 2 months = chin up

• 3 months = chest up, arm support

• 4 months = sits with support (pillow)

• 5 months = sits on lap; grasps object

• 6 months = sits on high chair, grasps dangling objects

• 7 months = sits without support

• 8 months = stands with help

• 9 months = stands holding furniture

• 10 months = creeps

• 11 months = walks when led

• 12 months = pulls to stand by furniture

• 14 months = stands alone

• 15 months = walks alone

Examine the following photos. Estimate the babies’ ages based on the skills each is

demonstrating

Leg Control

• Last phase of head-to-foot development

• Leg control = LOCOMOTION!

• Babies usually go through the following stages:– Crawling– Creeping – Standing– Walking

Crawling

• Playing with toes is a sign of the leg control needed for crawling

• When hands and feet work together smoothly, this shows leg control.

• Babies crawl by pulling with the arms; abdomen is not lifted from the floor

• Usually occurs around 7 months!

Creeping

• Occurs between 6-8 months

• Creeping means to move by using the hands and knees or hands and feet.

• Abdomens and hips are lifted from floor, alternatively

Standing and Walking

• Supported Standing

• Pull themselves to standing position

• Cruising = walking by holding something for support

• As they develop, babies stand further away from objects

Center-to-Extremities Development

• Control begins with the trunk then arms, hands and fingers

• Then extends to hips, legs, feet then toes.

• Control = starts center and moves outward

• Grasping Handout!