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Let WaterBe the Ligament of Peace in the Himalayan RegionShaofeng Jia

Dr. Prof.Center for Water Resources Research, CAS Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research , CASContentsWater Situation in the HimalayasIs Great West Route Diversion naccesary and feasible?Make water peace ligament in Himalaya regions2005-5-313Location and landform

HimalayaIndian OceanPacific Ocean

NepalIndiaBangladeshBhutanChinaCountries in Himalaya RegionPakistanBurmaAfghanistanThailand4 The rainfall in east Himalaya region

In South Asia, the west is the driestTibet is relatively drier(mm)

The rainfall in east Himalaya region: two rain center

How much water?Especially how much from every country?We dont have enough data because of sparse gauge station in high mountain. We try to apply GIS tool to obtaining water resources and other related information by means of open data. Data concernedIndusGangesBrahmaputraRiver length

Basin area

Precipitation

Surface runoff

Population

Cultivated area

GDP

natural resourcessocial resourcesData sourceData ItemData SourceData SpecificationGDPhttp://data.worldbank.org/2007Populationhttp://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw/2000Land coverhttps://lpdaac.usgs.gov/2007National boundariesARCVIEW softwareLine of Control adoptedWater systemhttp://eros.usgs.govBasin boundarieshttp://eros.usgs.gov/Precipitationhttp://wwdrii.sr.unh.edu/index.html1950-2000 annualSurface runoffhttp://wwdrii.sr.unh.edu/index.html1950-2000 annualRiver basic informationhttp://www.cws.net.cn/riverdata/China public datablended river flowSurface Runoff here is blended river flow that represents a composite of observed and modeled river flow. (See details in Fekete, B. M., C. J. Vorosmarty, W. Grabs. 2002. High-resolution fields of global runoff combining observed river discharge and simulated water balances).For mountain area, it close to natural runoff.For plain area, it close to actual runoff.

Rivers and Basins in Himalaya RegionBasic information of the three large riversIndusGangesBrahmaputraCountriesChina AfghanistanPakistan IndiaChina Nepal IndiaBangladeshChina Bhutan IndiaBangladeshRiver lengthkm308626642916Basin areakm21019150971423532068Precipitationmma-145911271569Natural runoff109m3a-1207550828Blended runoff109m3a-1104388618Population21052267739598441061062639Cultivated Areakm228526155111955161GDP106 of USD20231025455423483Indicators in riparian countries-IndusChinaAfghanistan

Pakistan

IndiaTotalRiver nameSengge riverIndus riverIndus riverRiver lengthkm38423203823086Basin areakm269671719165618953156681019150Precipitationmma-1549573372571Blended runoff109m3a-110172552104Population60710743107912229065680740232210522677Cultivated Areakm282539168593114121285261GDP106 of USD253148111210858696202310ChinaIndia

Nepal

BangladeshTotalRiver nameGangesriverGangesriverRiver lengthkm20226422664Basin areakm24404274543914687735065971423Blended runoff109m3a-1141781915388Population2048043412038402405836630517400395984410Cultivated Areakm2865117511357625706551119GDP106 of USD157235071100239303254554Information in riparian countries-GangesInformation in riparian countries- Brahmaputra

ChinaBhutan

India

BangladeshTotalRiver nameYarlung Tsangpo riverBrahmaputrariverJamuna river River lengthkm19057402712916Basin areakm23450833845812531223215532068Precipitationmma-11076223224942139Blended runoff109m3a-11213342935618Population23718352197184318411482465247261062639Cultivated Areakm21225160335212025555161GDP106 of USD434110939325872423483The percentages of natural runoff in ChinaTotal naturalrunoffNatural runoffin ChinaPercentage%Indus207104.83Ganges550142.55Brahmaputra82812114.61Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna

15201358.88 Chinas percentages of BrahmaputraRiver length65.33%GDP18.49%Basin area64.86% Natural runoff14.61%Cultivated area2.22%Population3.88%Brahmaputra in China2. Water use trend of China vs GWRDPWhy talk about this? There are worry that China will divert water from Yaluzangbu! Great West Route Diversion Project (GWRDP)Water of Tibet save China Li Ling, GuokaiSome others

19

ChangjiangZhujiangHuangheHuaiheSouth to North Water Transfer Project and GWRDPEast RoutMiddleWestGWRDP???Is GWRDP Feasible? For Tibet Autonomous Region, it use very little water: only 1% of runoff withdrawn for human use, mainly for irrigation.

But North China is lacking of water.Will or not North China divert Yaluzangbu?For answer this, we should see the water use trend of China!

21Water use of China

24

Case: Hai BasinBasins under Water Conservancy Commission25

Administrative units of Hai basinBeijingTianjinHebeiHenanShandongShanxiInner MongoliaLiaoning26Water scarcity situation of Hai basinPer capita water resources is less than 300 cubic meters Water use/Water available ratio higher than 80%The destination of South-North Water Transfer Projects Total fresh water us of Hai basin, North China (108m3)Industrial water use of Hai Basin(108m3)

2005-5-3129Water use up and down along with the growth of Per Capita GDP of USA

The Kuznets curve law of industrial water use evolutionThere is a turning point of water use form increasing to decreasingPer capita GDPIndustrial water useTurning pointConclusion about water use trend of ChinaWater use is closing the climax!

Not only for whole China, but also/especially for North China

So China has no need to divert water from Yaluzangbu! Long term water supply and demand planning of ChinaSet up total water use limitation for Whole China and every province! For year 2020, it should be less than 670 billion m3;For year 2030, it should be less then 710 billion m3!Compared to recent 598 m3, its permitted to increase about 100 billion. And engineering projects has been planned to provide those added supply, while no project of diverting water from Yaluzangbu is considered.For my personal opinion, its not possible for water use of China to reach high to 650 billion!GWRDP not only not necessary, also not feasible! Too far: 2000km awayToo high the lifting of water: more than 1000mToo difficult: high elevation, new technical movement, too complex geological conditionToo dangerous: too frequent geological disaster, such as land sliding, earthquakeToo expensive! The Chinese government has never support and planned it!

Bo sea to Xinjiang Diversion Project: use salt water to harness desert, and let increased vapor to rain and change the desert to oasesRomanticism of engineering Hydropower station will come!Not mega-dam!Only Small reservoir, canals and pipeline Its sure there will be some disturbing to ecosystem, but hydropower is greener compared to coal and sustainable. The key point is to look for the balance point between hydro-energy development and ecological protection.3. Make Water Peace linkageWill really water substitute for oil as the reason of war?Will be a water war between India and China?

Terrible: 18,600,000 information!

Long history of exchangeFrom ancient time, China had very strong linkage with South-East Asia and South Asia!BuddhaSilk RoadSea Silk RoadAncient Tea and Horse Road Shannxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet to IndiaFollow the example of EU!See each other as friend, not enemy. Attitude may auto-prove! Seek for the truth! Take care of data and the fact; avoiding misunderstandingMaintain exchange!Show good will for cooperation! China has no intention, no will to use water as weapon to India! Even China want to do so, its not feasible! Pakistan and Bangladesh also located in the lower reach, if China flood India, can these two friend countries be saved?

What can we do by ourself?Personal and civil exchangeKnowledge sharingProfessional explanation and propaganda to mediaCooperative researchSuggestions to the government to promote official cooperation

Shaofeng JiaDr. Prof.Vice Director, Center for Water Resources Research, CASChair, Department of Water&Land, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, CASjiasf@igsnrr.ac.cn, Shaofengj@hotmail.comThank You !10.30196078430.3286274510.35383548350.37804905860.4016471930.43529411760.45466761340.4749033590.49603973060.51811681180.54117647060.56810789550.59640360110.62613371270.65737200190.69019607840.71907313350.74950233270.78156905720.81536339330.85098039220.87140956470.89258022210.91451628520.93724246990.96078431370.96847513540.97624137180.98408376230.992003053610.967907390.93723626430.90790272130.87982862340.85294117650.85863665560.86438592480.87018941330.87604755430.88196078430.87736408830.87279135510.86824245980.86371727810.85921568630.8547375614

GDP Per CapitaPer Capita GDP(1,000US$)Idustrial Fresh Water Withdraw Index

m3/m3/m3/m3/-30m3/m3/GDPGDP?(1000t)GNP(1000ha)10001000Ur(%)19202697137344451166034559634586618.0192019252820140052250196015597374684021.6192519302943142760049205867644504900624.01930193531431450619462047056027692544658832.71935194033571473638441968566078731144553737.71940194535861496657421819635288719985197627.81945195035721520677431948395048.7832205199637.5195019557299165628.0409015446983918940875140892763898856.319551960013269389142.044361597102036232213813.36071934193408463.519601961015755478044.044981467104533232826811.96086942873352064.419611962017730517843.04556134810703023275468.66081951813296565.419621963020615611744.04595123910962724315018.86060961563242066.319631964023375680944.046551138112324243979911.26042971823188467.219641965-4231.34226087728543.04730104611502224411615.76004982753135668.1196519660324630443853643.048001002119221254778410.25996990363084268.919661967033.551362331048744.04871959123620256215411.159381001963033669.719671968036.157428701267744.04943918128119266689311.958971013312983870.619681969038.662498571496346.0501687913281826821661258521025362934871.419691970-6941.169590481765547.05090842137717279332210.357961046652886772.419701971041.974658981944446.0511679113711527885574.457501061002847873.219711972042.679764452154645.0514374413651427969008.757051075952809473.919721973043.384916952514647.0516969913581426119322856611091042771574.619731974042.390455196657135213261171311.256161105732734175.319741975876183123570040.2961483274480143.05223618134612261023133.155721119402697275.919751976879178131570039.810142528460013501126107399455501130942715076.019761977878174134570039105425346582135411251024054.455271141652732976.119771978876169137570037.6109425409565135910251021055.355051151902750976.1197819798771681395700371102186166585441.05472548136310251117485.554831161552769076.219791980882165137580036.71092401767023242.05536532136710251113952.854611170602787376.219801981882161141580035.8113252546t41.0558951813849251016763.254401179022793076.319811982881158143580035.11152647998082741.056435041401925995483.154301187282798776.419821983892158149585035.11212749198383241.056974901418925971792.31195362804576.519831984891156150585034.912441575247714358251055863.91203052810276.619841985892156151585034.91253204199667338.0580746414538251052794.453791210492816076.719851986891154152585034.41273758934531463825982752.91216602812176.919861987894154155585034.41304159804421474725985134.21222392808377.019871988896154157585034.513341606843114847241056816.21227452804577.219881989902154161586134.913741615842114947241079084.81232052800677.319891990908156166586035.314243004012121942.0624941115057241103395.152431236112796877.419901991914159168586135.814443629039614956241096493.81240432788677.519911992914158170586035.714642633138114856239813211244522780477.7199219939101551695860351464163733671475623996230.31247642772377.819931994047926011725338.064153531466623982950.61250342764277.919941995048322011926138.0645734014565231016511.450381255692756178.119951996049986112155438.064863301445522988013.649941258642748078.2199619970655732414425221997199801998199901999200002000200102001

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

(1000t) (1000t)

Japan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

30m3/1 30million m3/dayFig.1 Fresh water withdraw of industries in of Japan

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30m3/

USA0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

19201.530.9911119461947194819491.519511952195319541.71.71.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.51.61.89111313.514203034342929281517151413.7411.410.689.488.648.6410.7410.681998199920002001

/

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GNP

GDP Per Capitam3/Industrial Water Use Indexwater use of 30 employees above(1,000m3/day)Index of share of secondary industry added value19591.900.6019602.140.8919612.350.9419622.550.9119632.720.9419643.020.9419653.141380.723130031.30.9119663.421410.7432000320.9119673.761480.773350033.50.9419684.211590.833610036.10.9419694.651700.893860038.60.9819705.081820.954110041.11.0019715.941850.974190041.90.9819726.581880.994260042.60.9619737.541911.004330043.31.0019746.831870.984230042.30.9619756.861830.960.9119767.361780.930.8919779.291740.910.89197811.921690.880.89197910.141680.880.87198013.041650.860.89198112.311610.840.87198211.801580.830.87198312.161580.830.87198411.561560.820.87198515.041560.820.81198619.311540.810.79198726.351540.810.87198827.081540.810.87198924.941540.8134,9400.87199027.731560.8235,3030.89199130.791590.8335,8220.91199231.111580.8335,6600.89199334.701550.8134,9710.87199439.181510.7934,1700.81199538.511490.7833,8420.81199635.271490.7833,6960.81199734.361490.7833,677199835.571470.7733,324199940.351450.7632,855200036.632001

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Industrial Water Use IndexPer capital GDP (1,000 US$)Industrial fresh water withdrawal index

indicators00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Industrial Water Use IndexIndex of share of secondary industry added value

canadabillion gallons/d-GDP$GDP(1000t)10000Urban1000Ur(%)/19200.00.0192019250.00.01.5192519300.00.0413521.0193019350.00.0346401.0193519400.00.0607651.0194019450.00.0723051.01945194660420194619471.0339687185770201947194880410147211948194970740149771949195018077.040371492.63.689-3.628598.51.17.03855878481522710124464.21.51950195132871.07.0405395440154881951195234571.06.0395584520157551952195336463.81.05.0405510125016018195319543645-1.21.05.03956801201630319541955240111.0723917113.63.6110-1.640205.51.15.039561061731659311490267.21.7195519562461167739181144110-2418521.04.04056104520168901.7195619572521218239181144110-2440521.04.0405632.7102250171981.4195719582581268838191144110-24466-01.05.0375830.977340174881.4195819592641329438201144110-2492761.14.0395731.584770177831.419591960270138.01003821113.63.6110-2.651192.21.04.0375931900701806713030470.01.419601961278144.91053922115.64112-4.553002.61.04.0366030.188917183691.419611962285152.11114122117.74114-6.557025.21.14.0375930.689202186541.419621963293159.71174323119.74116-8.860204.11.04.0375930.499120189241.419631964302167.61234423121.84118-11.364445.31.13.0376030.2115281191891.419641965310176.01304624124.04120-14.069935.81.13.0385930.71192601943014361271.91.419651966321183.41374625126.04122-12.876645.91.13.0385931.5121655196561.419661967333191.11454625128.14124-11.681052.91.03.0366131.3115406198711.419671968345199.31534726130.24126-10.588594.11.03.0376031.2119262200711.419681969357207.91614726132.34128-9.595712.51.03.0376031.2128152202681.419691970370217.01704727134.54.5130-8.510083-0.33.0346329.91193092048815464773.61.419701971379222.21764727136.55132-6.6109342.73.0346328.8119265207051.519711972389227.61814628138.65134-4.7120164.93.0346328.8120876208851.619721973399233.21874628140.65136-2.8134314.94.0346229.2136805210411.819731974409239.01944529142.85138-0.914534-0.74.0336328.7132195211909.019741975420245.02004529144.94.91401.115809-1.03.0336426.71058182135616215773.711.019751976424247.02024530147.051420.0176174.83.0346326.71161222180413.019761977428248.92044531149.15144-1.0196514.63.0346329.71137022202413.519771978432250.92064532151.25146-2.2221925.23.03463301243152225914.019781979436253.02084533153.45148-3.4246442.13.0336430.11232782250620.019791980440255.02104534155.65.6150-4.626844-0.23.0336429.31014572277616989873.730.019801981431246.82054234153.36147-3.1300052.03.0346328.91087852301434.019811982423239.02003935151.06145-1.931149-2.53.0336427.2661372325234.019821983415231.51963635148.97142-1.0335593.72.0326626.8756412348029.019831984407224.41913336146.87140-0.3372486.62.0326627.3839412370029.019841985399217.518730.536.5144.87.791370.2397053.02.0326626.9792402392818016974.528.019851986401219.01893037144.881370.1419452.72.0306826.6737502416015.019861987403220.41903037144.881370.0446123.02.02969810002437717.019871988404221.91923038144.88137-0.1483949075015.019881989406223.41933038144.98137-0.28824114.019891990408224.919529.938.5144.97.89137-0.38866119118175.213.7199022.91991407223.71943039144.58136-0.27939311.4199119.01992406222.61933039144.18136-0.28316210.7199217.81993404221.41922940143.78135-0.2871429.5199315.81994403220.21912940143.39135-0.2889308.6199414.41995402219.119029.140.2142.98.89134-0.276.18.6199514.41996401218.01892941142.59133-0.210.7199617.91997010.7199717.8199801998199901999200002000200102001

canada0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

(1000t)

Sheet100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

2 billion gallons/dFig.2 Fresh water withdraw of American industries

Sheet200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

/Truman et[3] World Bank 1999.3 /Fig.3 Crude oil price change

water use0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Industrial Water Use IndexGDP$WUperGDPi10000GDP Per CapitaIndex of share of secondary indusrty added valueIndex of share of tertiary indusrty added valueIndex of share of tertiary indusrty employee195077.00.302859389792.33147211.940.950.790.000.003855195183.80.333287408805.98149772.191.000.760.000.004053195290.20.353457399246.36152272.270.980.790.000.003955195396.40.383646409132.82154882.351.000.790.000.0040551954102.40.403645399954.42157552.310.980.800.000.0039561955111.00.444020399781.95160182.510.980.800.000.00395619561160.454185409569.12163032.571.000.800.000.00405619571210.474405409495.82165932.651.000.800.000.001.00405632.719581260.5044663710576.19168902.640.930.830.000.000.94375830.919591320.524927399499.79171982.860.980.810.000.000.96395731.51960138.00.5451193710066.66174882.930.930.840.000.000.953759311961144.90.5753003610490.25177832.980.900.860.000.000.92366030.11962152.10.605702379959.66180673.160.930.840.000.000.94375930.61963159.70.636020379903.81183693.280.930.840.000.000.93375930.41964167.60.666444379713.76186543.450.930.860.000.000.92376030.21965176.00.696993389150.79189243.700.950.840.000.000.94385930.71966183.40.727664388698.96191893.990.950.840.000.000.96385931.51967191.10.758105369050.05194304.170.900.870.000.000.96366131.31968199.30.788859378400.68196564.510.930.860.000.000.95376031.21969207.90.829571378111.95198714.820.930.860.000.000.95376031.21970217.00.8510083348745.49200715.020.850.900.000.000.91346329.91971222.20.8710934348258.43202685.390.850.900.000.000.88346328.81972227.60.8912016347697.36204885.860.850.900.000.000.88346328.81973233.20.9113431347055.66207056.490.850.890.000.000.89346229.21974239.00.9414534336884.72208856.960.830.900.000.000.88336328.71975245.00.9615809336488.45210417.510.830.910.000.000.82336426.71976247.00.9717617345696.54211908.310.850.900.000.000.82346326.71977248.90.9819651345147.86213569.200.850.900.000.000.91346329.71978250.90.9822192344595.052180410.180.850.900.000.000.923463301979253.00.9924644334297.552202411.190.830.910.000.000.92336430.11980255.01.0026844333977.152225912.060.830.910.000.000.90336429.31981246.80.9730005343342.682250613.330.850.900.000.000.88346328.91982239.00.9431149333212.362277613.680.830.910.000.000.83336427.21983231.50.9133559322978.612301414.580.800.940.000.000.82326626.81984224.40.8837248322600.632325216.020.800.940.000.000.83326627.31985217.50.8539705322365.142348016.910.800.940.000.000.82326626.91986219.00.8641945302404.042370017.700.750.970.000.000.81306826.61987220.40.8644612292353.922392818.640.730.990.000.0029691988221.90.8748394282262.552416020.031989223.40.8849846272293.342437720.451990224.90.8851341262327.791991223.70.8852881252338.141992222.60.8754468242352.301993221.40.8756102232370.661994220.20.8657785222393.691995219.10.8659519212421.941996218.00.8561304212339.1519971998199920002001

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GDPGDP

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Industrial Water Use IndexYearIndustrial Fresh Water Withdrawal Index

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GDP Per CapitaPer Capita GDP(1,000US$)Idustrial Fresh Water Withdraw Index

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Industrial Water Use IndexIndex of share of secondary indusrty added valueIndex of share of tertiary indusrty employee

Country NamePer capita GDP (current price, 1,000US$)Per capita GDP (PPP,1985 international constant price,1,000US$)Austria19858.73711.46Australia198210.89712.523528.3197142198234195749198225.4Belgium19858.25911.285Canada199418.87717.009Czech Republic19832.9953.805Denmark198311.20211.828Finland19724.0029.837France198917.10713.6423030196549198134196439.9197736.2Germany FR19892013.8373638196255198535197050197545Greece19908.166.768Hungary19903.1895.357Israel19866.9098.559Italy19817.17810.2854137197444198340197144197736.8Japan19733.88.5394536.3197345197345197336.6197535.2Korea19927.2087.55Luxemburg19757.8610.705Mexico19974.2546.435Netherland19723.6579.683Newe Zealand199312.28812.014Norway198314.49912.714Poland19884.54.529Portugal19802.9414.982Slovak Republic19753.24.7Spain19865.9927.821Sweden19758.94211.958Switzerland198514.92114.864Turkey19912.6463.666United Kindom19858.06316.573431195049198534195750198134.3USA198113.24515.53428.9195740198233195732.7198227.2IcelandIreland

00000000000000000000000000000

Per capita GDP (current price, 1,000US$)

00000000000000000000000000000

Per capita GDP (PPP,1985 international constant price,1,000US$)

GDP$GDP(1000t)1000Urban1000Ur(%)/19491031236510009500197947675232602631864913740584001570198044370.0484570.1011573002800.1326821236990.04335800.0441190199351980.0129060.0542636434750.04123723838170.0023440-0.0033770199755660.01711210.0555250.02524727839200.00736060.0123140199854350.00911260.0445430.0272552883766-0.00334840.00328201999020000200101979198019931997199847674437519855665435523457906112111262601572632633006431862804755255434968237247255137212238278288405836993817392037664001358034403606348457119377314282

22138282682754631501397994116147784621546689382166933228855796900119322117131102313107399102405102105111748111395101676995489717910558610527998275985131056811079081103391096499813299623982951016519880119971998199920002001

(1000t) (1000t)

GDP49-808.3%4.8%0.58110.1%1.22013.2%1.5904.31%0.51980-9310.0%1.2%0.1235.4%0.5424.1%0.4160.24%0.02493-9710.4%1.7%0.1665.5%0.5282.5%0.2450.67%0.06493-989.8%0.9%0.0914.4%0.4512.7%0.275-0.27%-0.02797-987.8%-2.4%-0.3020.4%0.0553.4%0.436-0.80%-0.102GDPGDP(GDP1952100679141.820.9%2072915317.4%1953115.6115.6824192.523.4%2136417158.0%1954104.2120.4552859211.724.6%2183218828.6%1955106.8128.6461536910222.224.4%2232819138.6%1956115147.943076641028280.727.3%23018246810.7%1957105.1155.4881735486106831729.7%2377121429.0%1958121.3188.60715451451307483.537.0%26600707626.6%1959108.8205.20458411181439615.542.8%26173540220.6%196099.7204.58897035941457648.244.5%25880411215.9%196172.7148.73618145131220388.931.9%25590285611.2%196294.4140.406955291149359.331.3%2591020597.9%1963110.2154.72846472961233.3407.633.0%2664020387.7%1964118.3183.04377377511454513.535.3%2773621837.9%1965117214.16121531691716602.235.1%2867024088.4%1966110.7237.07646535581868709.538.0%2980526008.7%196794.3223.56310683051774602.834.0%3081426618.6%196895.9214.39701945051723537.331.2%3191527438.6%1969116.9250.63011573761938689.135.6%3322530309.1%1970119.4299.25235819072252.7912.240.5%34432351810.2%1971107320.20002326412426.41022.842.2%35620399011.2%1972103.8332.36762414812518.11084.143.1%35854427611.9%1973107.9358.62466645582720.9117343.1%36652449212.3%1974102.3366.87303378432789.9119242.7%37369471212.6%1975108.7398.79098772352997.31370.545.7%38168515213.5%197698.4392.410331922943.71337.245.4%38834561114.4%1977107.6422.23351714593201.91509.147.1%39377583114.8%1978111.7471.63483865193624.11745.248.2%40152694517.3%1979107.6507.47908638954038.21913.547.4%41024721417.6%1980107.8547.06245512794517.8219248.5%42361770718.2%1981105.2575.50970279454862.42255.546.4%43725801318.3%1982109.1627.88108574885294.7238345.0%45295834618.4%1983110.9696.32012409545934.52646.244.6%46436867918.7%1984115.2802.16078295871713105.743.3%48197959019.9%1985113.5910.45248865738964.43866.643.1%498731038420.8%1986108.8990.572307659110202.24492.744.0%512821121621.9%1987111.61105.478695347611962.55251.643.9%527831172622.2%1988111.31230.397787921814928.36587.244.1%543341215222.4%1989104.11280.844097226616909.2727843.0%553291197621.6%1990103.81329.516172921218547.97717.441.6%639091365421.4%1991109.21451.8316608321617.89102.242.1%647991386721.4%1992114.21657.991756667926638.111699.543.9%655541422621.7%1993113.51881.82064381834634.416428.547.4%663731486822.4%1994112.62118.930044939146759.422372.247.8%671991525422.7%1995110.52341.417699657758478.128537.948.8%679471562823.0%1996109.62566.193798824867884.633612.949.5%688501618023.5%1997108.82792.018853121474462.637222.750.0%696001649523.7%1998107.83009.796323664979395.738691.848.7%699571644023.5%1999

22138282682754631501397994116147784621546689382166933228855796900119322117131102313107399102405102105111748111395101676995489717910558610527998275985131056811079081103391096499813299623982951016519880119971998199920002001

(1000t) (1000t)

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GDP1 GDP

196090075262214537531671917283410823408194491923222470150327701866196019618892588282773953107001757334691241119750234356224417334130870196119628920642275515424297736172432569764012094923136120821853502066719621963991274331501646529575317563160101640323454249390332288197374907621963196411528828398013505319873197837349794562656131544441266522842390964196419651192691441161954632291719603682126845931468352473582744240443901223196519661216690947781956531989219593532136443932673385476842471278475901532196619671154188062152262130297219663674158944834080451476100242830649350102919671968119261016668930639347115720414116169648337181497507111262832752870904196819691281593582173765339312842251453216435524728559853811726853475722013331969197011931112093324868740812612377450417285465048773954913128323855938017791970197111927110488564768039612452286403117455245088977852611224173785795021321971197212088118696905966340114482405437119825465599295352514425324406245023381972197313681133911932116721424155225264952210052956395108156511626594656935025221973197413220136211713194750470162227025323238064558496116559714622325057043021121974197510582130310231201786407115821534041218446348391111256114620105206481923901975197611612132910740270794438121523224242234545751991110951714622275246739020461976197711370136310241274747409112622093899233343349371113039514020415536648023741977197812432149910211314753434126222844125242847955981115143516320316717128131781978197912328160711175520754542135523364604242549458192121247314321476957408234481979198010146159011140856759462123225123174381265046252786126442425411287077177037121980198110879148110168107576446612292412126416124773795478512923772401557761688743560198119826614118799551176637426989562421842358823943504347713153908428013767056252937161982198375641283971811925614411014492421759357321623294488812734218435414996976352540021983198483941470105591303621487113155263189639399024013995749213484719843015237506792543361984198579241465105281354641466106853252188240509923873955529314234819949515727265863646701985198673751408982814566674299726325917903714101228737152884119847110859814817176813651901986198781001474985116786104309826126717693625912282330508841181460987051743749702285602198719889075151810568191163045711246527919004102962367366554911169478838011901779740695900198819898824155210791218866447210946329019294101962506372567641268470927831880772740146143198919908866121011034231366242911396128619023843100254435654238127144611192717918857292067241990199179391299109652600618419113363289184242199825013385184412874259693516528016816370711991199283161392981327856853951033593081796397892247930754245102343610510251605835646158020199219938714143999623302783442101760326171137639825693296005112974591261141166391965615886819931994889313879830338084343911327334218034083882611307617461355495801204173610217099392621994199595171442101653691795499116165318181042059427916415013934958512531760121374349953619951996988019961997199719981998198571997196056065342254432806228343914414352491165160118052320452330931700156519601961567254824635228665308475158156927141841803190607203607304333006211961196258946212879792946330647916316852859192201720267423267433535800600196219636161631299578312723314711521806292222922092087152697153763780080619631964643871132981243637937758519021513363267208228781229481244241500120919641965650876732691643908440459120022413413321207029798832498843343400163419651966671583737571883758845057920323443474359224331611813851181491456002015196619676445736424924437281455582220247831713802628335134842413486004800014621967196868797234768357387764555742282557334440729553441519473151961351300126219681969695872851394834148045662726127703508407313533016325801632679540001829196919706743728571957845083481673260290138324853308383167063716707275670025751970197171058325943687469825506932732895410155431804051716755171675259800315819711972749490966296494889063770928730254315639334640419588421958875639003547197219737758100578128185101066267042893071410164836314082237895223799269200373119731974734110647311884541111644747249324535987023631409238089323801067699003709197419756182974665210135091075636882242971335079434243712409108624091120695004626197519766831990687111875041005887502362952341587436333482533131525331269732004670197619777040993731414205049159977623128963216105638203902800133928001333780005565197719787755104784881513502805737582632816339511443823392293015652930141582700652419781979705111008780164351175561770241288335061206397236928051379280515149220073901979198065121043879615635356154674725229103424129041853742801128728011326955967996198019816492954848315615747652866816128223150123642103322875150428751784957908290198119825580814806917895762614300040253112960157812961934983209520198219836388709808921285352450304739763121136013401736108251983198470458867885204151022722863383025501574134818381230219841985706795772852050563235522941352373624201767134019979515014222198519867148108471272323601236724371316359724042012134719501005501660619861987709411847060258658824122302129837012459220914312199104020179871987198869731196775229005702603244012903856257822701651112114204141988198970031175796730472683265112394049282224061576114490210351989199072311162844333962705277113394086286625381391115430211711990199166769988939387825803114134240812801274312301156202440619911992701796695824332226433231362414325073019110512457030874199219937395929949549682046324813933477239332681113129215360051993199478411046974354852118361414303319266631901224136345400051994199596411995199699571996199795811997199819981985199819645139751909290160177817513402906273723790822968142839866882280144181196419655126853401008516021501668380290710881411076631871765410733923001530111965196652574561011060160248017546304207918892112282333418154008381241016328419661967560025960116502512450187666054083801080414253376928001205861127601769671967196857723603013750524263630519206209734113141451842152800122097552760192317196819696010564901594079827573444970910100341150916438671530851250109412821210941196919706430067471834010753002358810809401164812026167956847348512801148029602293241970197166460836420540132531984170109098012104126511698877703615139012200296024393219711972683558634238551975319842281100100014491133161737899134115139012420312526118119721973718109068270501975341543801100102015388145611976099134300140014200380028473719731974748101009627500217534324658110010201693814881207511031353451290148603800298719197419757600010395277002175349548781100102016948153862075110313577021201464039253065841975197681992112512870021753550559511001500169501538620751102635770212014560484037403219761977793101206629675217835505595110015001727415453207511001360602120139504865378946197719788397011863296752850362055951122150017054159432115285635532212013310508039313219781979885201052029700285036204840112515001683415388209008473622221201329064754066941979198089073104302970032003696529911251500167551503820574847363742120139507257412581198019817924510430297003200370052581125150016505143382037884736493212013190760140091919811000b/d1981184653342302126291981198217669329129372482198219831615728712471226019831984158632670238620921984198515136238621722008198519861525819471932179219861987152581870456571073070518341720248013801245178073580223019871988152881855436571074570519411648234513951245180373490234019881989155571850420075575570518761518234012601245180374025247019891990162441880438575573570518201507230012551245183175510289019901991155591905461093073570518162065230512551245186775590289019911992153271950474013007506901816206223951255124518567398030501992199315210186048101510760690185122332245122512451843746153335199319941514218104845153076569018612265233012551245186775645356519941995151391835486516357856901768231723301255124518697642540151995199615354177049901815805690178221262365125512451888778704225199619971534217862108194019971985Oil Report199715219291471955195736324331117643123494824111661411957195873620741425845143265626115761401958195960917221723114112055613121186137195919604912173313228591092525720216711338361960196134818028211045960435736115741197941961196245132184823144810103342381138410783819621963291023711132134597035383401889938541963196428114094102416518903723411221021041027196419652718536057261248102144234102911710712221965196617156690484114441181422854240116108143119661967241575012124918551001513452241131130157819671968441585818114817491353513050051111901691196819694089301813602379161546607115612910419321969197034310485165122961697604664293171124216919701971483119918188120111165108182831921841242486197119726113128729249121113161109576981114181123267119721973892315674923922111319816759010711572521023152197319748014176156622113211352151510372101101432211283462197419751002117994432190261321558859510317164246130359019751976107241431697189639121179866577625162238134310519761977102219944651764321151379674052215821311224171977197890144924232732296460331213518661318115411978197977184324801320237337315192618524561117919791980558729631422320334621713321751342413931980198130888612322313125672231827159393417071981198228108301532642283268228213036128531717198219831983198419841985198519861986198719871988198819891989199019901991199119925758477116020129039171794821518633619921993190944709618496047151610560232003481993199438604094659121000521915120023189770199419959266261003225112254078199519961997199819851997%195038.040.048.049.049.030.01950195140.040.049.051.037.049.031.01951195239.040.048.051.036.045.031.01952195340.041.011.047.052.035.046.031.01953195439.041.015.046.052.036.048.030.01954195539.041.028.014.047.053.036.049.030.01955195640.041.030.014.040.048.053.036.048.031.01956195740.042.032.016.042.048.052.036.048.032.01957195837.041.033.016.041.048.052.036.047.031.01958195939.040.03419.042.048.053.036.047.033.01959196037.035.042.020.037.048.054.041.042.029.01960196136.034.044.020.037.048.054.041.042.033.01961196237.034.043.021.037.047.055.041.041.033.01962196337.035.044.021.037.047.054.042.041.030.01963196437.035.044.021.037.048.054.041.041.031.01964196538.034.043.024.039.049.054.040.041.032.01965196638.034.043.025.037.049.053.040.040.033.01966196736.034.044.026.038.048.051.041.040.033.01967196837.033.044.028.037.048.053.041.039.033.01968196937.032.046.029.038.048.054.042.038.033.01969197034.031.047.029.039.038.050.043.039.032.01970197134.032.046.029.039.038.048.042.038.032.01971197234.031.045.029.037.038.047.042.039.032.01972197334.033.047.032.036.038.047.043.040.032.01973197433.033.04531.037.037.047.044.037.033.01974197533.033.043.033.037.038.044.042.037.033.01975197634.032.04235.035.037.045.044.037.033.01976197734.033.04236.035.037.044.044.038.034.01977197834.032.04238.035.037.044.042.039.034.01978197933.033.041.039.034.037.043.042.039.035.01979198033.033.042.041.036.036.043.043.037.037.01980198134.032.041.040.035.034.041.041.036.037.01981198233.030.041.040.034.034.041.041.036.038.01982198332.030.041.040.034.034.041.040.036.040.01983198432.030.04141.034.032.038.030.035.040.01984198532.031.038.041.034.031.035.030.034.040.01985198630.03742.032.031.038.029.028.039.01986198729.04143.030.037.01987198819881989411989199042.052.51990199143199119921992199326.430.04144.035.531.733.530.428.81993199438.01994199538.01995199638.0199619971997199819981999199920002000%195522195519561956195732.736262494737501957195830.935273464736501958195931.5352734648354919591960313328464836491960196130.1322944384937491961196230.6323045394839491962196330.432311145394840481963196430.233311145404840481964196530.733321340394840481965196631.533321340394840481966196731.3323339384841451967196831.2313439384842451968196931.231351839394943451969197029.930351739395043451970197128.830361839394944421971197228.830361838394944411972197329.230372036394944411973197428.730362235394844411974197526.728352434384544391975197626.729352633374544391976197729.72835273136443838197719783028342929364438381978197930.128343029354337371979198029.327352929354337361980198128.92735282834433710341981198227.22534282833423633121982198326.824342926324136321983198427.325343126314034311984198526.9243431253140331730311985198626.624343225401933182221223019861987198719881988198919891990199019911991199219921993199319941994199519951996199619971997199819981999199920002000

YearTotal intakeTotal dischargeConsumptionmillion cubic metresTotal, whole economyindustries intake198136,71733,0873,63029,83229,011821198642,08338,1093,97334,80533,964840199144,97940,6594,32037,18636,383803199644,87440,1334,74036,85435,5891,264Business sectorAgriculture19813,1257132,41219863,5598072,75219913,9919023,08919964,0981,0623,036Mining19816246213198654454221991489489119966816729Manufacturing198110,1539,54361019868,3817,94243919917,4106,86354719966,3975,799598Paper and allied products19813,1702,98918119863,0822,87620619912,9432,75818519962,5052,277228Primary metal19812,0742,0037119862,0572,0144319911,6101,5189219961,4281,308120Chemical and chemical products19813,1882,96322519861,6941,6306419911,3261,2319519961,1821,08399Other manufacturing industries19811,7211,58813319861,5481,42212619911,5321,35717519961,2821,131151Electric power and other utilities198118,16618,08482198624,96324,702261199128,28828,183105199628,66428,183481Other industries198163857563198673666076199181673779199688079684Personal and government sectors19813,7603,36339719863,7193,33838119913,8023,37442819963,9223,4824401.The quantity of water withdrawn from its source is referred to as "intake" and that returned to the source as "discharge." The difference between intake and discharge represents "consumption."Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 16-201-XIE.

Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 16-201-XIE.

CountryYearTotal freshwater withdrawalcubic km)domesticindustryagricultureData SourceAustrilia197517.8011.570.365.87*75-85198514.609.490.294.82Newe Zealand19681.010.530.100.3619801.200.550.120.5319851.900.870.190.8419912.000.920.200.88Canada197730.003.9023.403.002%198036.156.5125.314.3491-96198136.723.7629.833.1381-96,Major withdrawal uses of water,http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/envir05.htm198642.083.7234.813.56199144.983.8037.193.99199644.873.9336.854.10Mexico197554.204.34199177.606.211986-199677.806.22world development indicators 2000-2001Austria19752.750.851.900.00*80-8919803.130.592.280.2519892.120.401.550.1719912.360.781.370.21Belgium19718.260.506.940.831980-198619809.030.997.680.361986-19969.007.65world development indicators 2000-2001Czech Republic19753.042.191975 Czechoslovak data multiplied by ratio of Czech Rpublic in 19911975-199119912.741.561986-19962.501.43world development indicators 2000-2001Denmark19700.770.330.300.14*77-8819771.400.420.380.6019881.170.350.320.5019901.200.360.320.52Finland19724.610.323.920.37*72-8019803.700.443.150.1119893.000.362.550.0919912.200.261.870.07France197527.004.3217.285.13*88-90198433.305.3322.985.00198843.676.9930.136.55199037.736.0426.035.66Germany FR197533.203.3223.246.64*87-91198141.404.1428.988.28198753.725.9137.6010.74199146.275.0932.399.25Greece19754.270.600.133.59*9%19805.040.401.463.1880's5.001.45world development indicators '98?7.002.03Hungary19725.600.502.412.6990's19916.810.613.752.451986-19966.300.003.470.00world development indicators 2000-2001Iceland19870.090.030.060.01*0%19910.160.050.100.01Ireland19720.400.060.300.04*2%19790.790.130.580.0819800.790.130.580.0819901986-19961.200.89world development indicators 2000-2001Italy197036.006.843.2425.56*80-81198056.207.8715.1733.16198146.356.4912.5127.35199056.207.8715.1733.160.000.000.00Luxemburg19730.060.030.030.0073-7619760.060.030.030.01Netherland197214.410.729.224.6172-80198014.200.718.664.83198614.470.728.834.9219917.810.394.762.66Norway19721.400.201.180.030%19802.000.401.440.16198519832.030.411.460.1619852.030.411.460.161986-19982.000.401.44world development indicators 2000-2001Poland197615.902.239.703.981988-91198016.802.6910.084.03198814.491.8811.011.59199112.281.609.331.351986-199612.101.579.201.33Portugal19776.460.452.453.551980-1990198010.501.583.895.0419907.291.092.703.50Slovak Republic19751.980.001.420.001975-199119911.780.001.010.001986-19961.400.000.800.00world development indicators 2000-2001Spain197525.001.755.5018.00*86-91198526.303.166.8416.31198645.855.5011.9228.43199130.753.698.0019.07Sweden19755.002.502.500.001975-198019803.981.432.190.3619893.001.081.650.2719912.931.051.610.26Switzerland19732.501.101.200.20*85-8919853.200.742.340.1319891.120.260.820.0419911.190.270.870.05Turkey197011.800.831.0610.031991.00198515.802.531.7411.38198923.753.802.6117.10199133.505.363.6924.12199231.605.063.4822.75United Kindom197217.664.0613.420.18*80-89198028.355.6721.830.85198914.502.9011.170.44199111.792.369.080.35Korea19752.34http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stm1992.00197610.701.181.398.03199227.605.249.6612.70199423.676.152.3714.91http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stmIsrael19751.720.290.570.861986.0019861.900.300.101.5019891.850.300.091.46Data source: Unless noted, World resources report.

1 OECDkm3/%m3/)(%)km3/aaa197517.81306650.3675-85198514.64933650.2919681.01360520.3468-8019801.2379460.1219851.9585460.19199121589460.219773012901323.4198036.1515011825.31199145.1216021831.57b198119752.75370311.980-8919803.13417192.2819892.12276191.5519912.364304331.3719718.2686066.9419809.03108917117.6819700.77160430.377-8819771.4277300.3819881.17228300.3219901.211233300.3219724.61100073.9272-8019803.7774123.1519893604122.5519912.22440121.871975275101617.2888-90198433.36061622.98198843.677781630.13199037.73216651626.03197533.25401023.2487-91198141.46711028.98198753.726871137.6199146.27485791132.3919754.2711470140.1319805.0452381.4619870.09349310.0619910.160636310.119720.4135160.319790.79235160.5819800.792233160.58197036670193.2480-81198056.29961415.17198146.358111412.51199056.2359861415.1719730.06170470.0373-7619760.062166420.03197214.41111059.2267-72c198014.2100458.66198614.4799458.8319917.817851854.7619721.4360141.1819802489201.4419832.03491201.4619852.031488201.4619752570075.586-91198526.3682126.84198645.8511881211.92199130.752878112819755610502.5196619803.98479362.1919893352361.6519912.932341361.6119732.5390441.285-8919853.2502232.3419891.12168230.8219911.193173230.87197217.663202313.4280-89198028.355072021.83198914.5172532011.17d1974197610.7210111.39199227.642625199.66World Resources Institute, World Resources 1986,1987, 1988-89, 1990-91, 1994-95, 1996-97, 1998-99 a: b: http://water.usgs.gov/. c: Colenbrander 1986. D: 1988-1996

World Resources Report cubic km)Percent developedcubic meters)domistic(%)industry(%)agriculture(%)domesticindustryagricultureAustrilia197517.813066523311.570.365.87*75-85198514.64933652339.490.294.82Newe Zealand19681.013605234140.530.340.1419801.23794610440.550.120.5319851.95854610440.870.190.841991215894610440.920.200.88Canada198619773012901378103.9023.403.002%90-91198036.1515011870126.5125.314.3491-96198136.71710.281.28.53.7629.833.1381-96,Major withdrawal uses of water,http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/envir05.htm3,125198642.0838.882.78.53.7234.813.563,55996-97199144.979216028.582.78.93.8037.193.993,991199644.8748.782.19.13.9336.854.104,098Mexico197554.284.34199177.686.211986-199677.886.22world development indicators 2000-2001Austria198619752.75370316900.851.900.00*80-8990-9119803.13417197380.592.280.2594-9519892.12276197380.401.550.1796-9719912.364304335890.781.370.21Belgium198619718.26860684100.506.940.831980-198690-9119809.03108917118540.997.680.361986-19969857.65world development indicators 2000-2001Czech Republic19753.04722.191975 Czechoslovak data multiplied by ratio of Czech Rpublic in 19911975-199119912.74571.561986-19962.5571.43world development indicators 2000-2001Denmark198619700.771604339180.330.300.14*77-8890-9119771.42773027430.420.380.6094-9519881.172283027430.350.320.5096-9719901.2112333027430.360.320.52Finland198619724.61100078580.323.920.37*72-8090-9119803.7774128530.443.150.1194-9519893604128530.362.550.0996-9719912.22440128530.261.870.07France19861975275101664194.3217.285.13*88-9090-91198433.36061669155.3322.985.0094-95198843.677781669156.9930.136.5596-97199037.73216651669156.0426.035.66Germany FR1986197533.25401070203.3223.246.64*87-9190-91198141.46711070204.1428.988.2894-95198753.726871170205.9137.6010.7496-97199146.27485791170205.0932.399.25Greece19754.27470143840.600.133.59*9%19805.0411523829630.401.463.1880's51.45world development indicators '98?7721829632.03Hungary19725.6943480.502.412.6990's19916.81114660955360.613.752.451986-19966.3550.003.470.00world development indicators 2000-2001Iceland19870.09349316360.030.060.01*0%19910.160636316360.050.100.01Ireland19720.41351674100.060.300.04*2%19790.792351674100.130.580.0819800.7922331674100.130.580.0819902671986-19961.22.3740.89world development indicators 2000-2001Italy1986197036670199716.843.2425.56*80-8194-95198056.29961427597.8715.1733.1690-91198146.358111427596.4912.5127.3596-97199056.2359861427597.8715.1733.160.000.000.00Luxemburg198619730.06170475030.030.030.0073-7690-9119760.0621664245130.030.030.01Netherland1986197214.411110564320.729.224.6172-8090-91198014.21004561340.718.664.8394-95198614.47994561340.728.834.9296-9719917.8178518561340.394.762.66Norway198619721.4360148420.201.180.030%90-9119802489207280.401.440.16198594-9519832.03491207280.411.460.1696-9719852.031488207280.411.460.161986-199820.5207280.401.44world development indicators 2000-2001Poland197615.94701461252.239.703.981988-91198016.8304721660242.6910.084.03198814.49263831376111.8811.011.59199112.281376111.609.331.351986-199612.11376111.579.201.33199811.32.198.131.00http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/1999/10/env/3.e.docPortugal19776.46670738550.452.453.551980-1990198010.51610621537481.583.895.0419907.29107391537481.092.703.50Slovak Republic19751.98720.001.420.001975-199119911.786337570.001.010.001986-19961.41.7570.000.800.00world development indicators 2000-2001Spain1986197525700722721.755.5018.00*86-9190-91198526.36821226623.166.8416.3194-95198645.8511881226625.5011.9228.4396-97199130.75287811226623.698.0019.07Sweden198619755610505002.502.500.001975-198090-9119803.98479365591.432.190.3694-9519893352365591.081.650.2796-9719912.932341365591.051.610.26Switzerland198619732.5390444881.101.200.20*85-8990-9119853.2502237340.742.340.1394-9519891.12168237340.260.820.0496-9719911.193173237340.270.870.05Turkey197011.833079850.831.0610.031991198515.883171611722.531.7411.38198923.75124331611723.802.6117.10199133.5175851611725.363.6924.12199231.6165441611725.063.4822.75United Kindom1986197217.66320237614.0613.420.18*80-8990-91198028.35507207735.6721.830.8594-95198914.517253207732.9011.170.44199111.7917204207732.369.080.35Korea19759.50.5902.34http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stm1992197610.72101113751.181.398.03199227.6426321935465.249.6612.70199423.67342611636.152.3714.91http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stmIsrael19751.725001733500.290.570.86198619861.9447165790.300.101.5019891.85109410165790.300.091.46Data source: If not noted, World resources report.

Chart1195919601961196219631964138.23645141.328147.95275159.43565170.4769181.51815185.05135188.1429191.23445186.81795183178174169168165161158158156156154154154154156159158155150.911805149.463193148.818384148.7344705147.175446145.10497313420002001

m3/3 /

m3/m3/m3/m3/GDPUr(%)19202697137344451166034559634586618.0192019252820140052250196015597374684021.6192519302943142760049205867644504900624.01930193531431450619462047056027692544658832.71935194033571473638441968566078731144553737.71940194535861496657421819635288719985197627.81945195035721520677431948395048.7832205199637.5195019557299165628.0409015446983918940875140892763898856.319551960013269389142.044361597102036232213813.36071934193408463.519601961015755478044.044981467104533232826811.96086942873352064.419611962017730517843.04556134810703023275468.66081951813296565.419621963020615611744.04595123910962724315018.86060961563242066.319631964023375680944.046551138112324243979911.26042971823188467.219641965-4231.34226087728543.04730104611502224411615.76004982753135668.1196519660324630443853643.048001002119221254778410.25996990363084268.919661967033.551362331048744.04871959123620256215411.159381001963033669.719671968036.157428701267744.04943918128119266689311.958971013312983870.619681969038.662498571496346.0501687913281826821661258521025362934871.419691970-6941.169590481765547.05090842137717279332210.357961046652886772.419701971041.974658981944446.0511679113711527885574.457501061002847873.219711972042.679764452154645.0514374413651427969008.757051075952809473.919721973043.384916952514647.0516969913581426119322856611091042771574.619731974042.390455196657135213261171311.256161105732734175.319741975876183123570040.2961483274480143.05223618134612261023133.155721119402697275.919751976879178131570039.810142528460013501126107399455501130942715076.019761977878174134570039105425346582135411251024054.455271141652732976.119771978876169137570037.6109425409565135910251021055.355051151902750976.1197819798771681395700371102186166585441.05472548136310251117485.554831161552769076.219791980882165137580036.71092401767023242.05536532136710251113952.854611170602787376.219801981882161141580035.8113252546t41.0558951813849251016763.254401179022793076.319811982881158143580035.11152647998082741.056435041401925995483.154301187282798776.419821983892158149585035.11212749198383241.056974901418925971792.31195362804576.519831984891156150585034.912441575247714358251055863.91203052810276.619841985892156151585034.91253204199667338.0580746414538251052794.453791210492816076.719851986891154152585034.41273758934531463825982752.91216602812176.919861987894154155585034.41304159804421474725985134.21222392808377.019871988896154157585034.5133606843114847241056816.21227452804577.219881989902154161586134.913741615842114947241079084.81232052800677.319891990908156166586035.314243004012121942.0624941115057241103395.152431236112796877.419901991914159168586135.814443629039614956241096493.81240432788677.519911992914158170586035.7146633138114856239813211244522780477.7199219939101551695860351464163733671475623996230.31247642772377.819931994047926011725338.064153531466623982950.61250342764277.919941995048322011926138.0645734014565231016511.450381255692756178.119951996049986112155438.064863301445522988013.649941258642748078.2199619970655732414425221997199801998199901999200002000200102001

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

(1000t) (1000t)

Japan000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

30m3/1 30million m3/dayFig.1 Fresh water withdraw of industries in of Japan

000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

30m3/

USA

19201.530.9911119461947194819491.519511952195319541.71.71.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.41.51.61.89111313.514203034342929281517151413.7411.410.689.488.648.6410.7410.681998199920002001

/

00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GNP

GDP Per Capitam3/Industrial Water Use Index19591.9019602.1419612.3519622.5519632.7219643.0219653.141380.723130031.319663.421410.74320003219673.761480.773350033.519684.211590.833610036.119694.651700.893860038.619705.081820.954110041.119715.941850.974190041.919726.581880.994260042.619737.541911.004330043.319746.831870.984230042.319756.861830.9619767.361780.9319779.291740.91197811.921690.88197910.141680.88198013.041650.86198112.311610.84198211.801580.83198312.161580.83198411.561560.82198515.041560.82198619.311540.81198726.351540.81198827.081540.81198924.941540.8134,940199027.731560.8235,303199130.791590.8335,822199231.111580.8335,660199334.701550.8134,971199439.181510.7934,170199538.511490.7833,842199635.271490.7833,696199734.361490.7833,677199835.571470.7733,324199940.351450.7632,855200036.632001

Industrial Water Use IndexGDP (1,000 US$)

indicators

m3/3 /

canadabillion gallons/dUr(%)19200.00.0192019250.00.01.5192519300.00.0413521.0193019350.00.0346401.0193519400.00.0607651.0194019450.00.0723051.01945194660420194619471.0339687185770201947194880410147211948194970740149771949195018077.040371492.63.689-3.628598.51.17.03855878481522710124464.21.51950195132871.07.0405395440154881951195234571.06.0395584520157551952195336463.81.05.0405510125016018195319543645-1.21.05.03956801201630319541955240111.0723917113.63.6110-1.640205.51.15.039561061731659311490267.21.7195519562461167739181144110-2418521.04.04056104520168901.7195619572521218239181144110-2440521.04.0405632.7102250171981.4195719582581268838191144110-24466-01.05.0375830.977340174881.4195819592641329438201144110-2492761.14.0395731.584770177831.419591960270138.01003821113.63.6110-2.651192.21.04.0375931900701806713030470.01.419601961278144.91053922115.64112-4.553002.61.04.0366030.188917183691.419611962285152.11114122117.74114-6.557025.21.14.0375930.689202186541.419621963293159.71174323119.74116-8.860204.11.04.0375930.499120189241.419631964302167.61234423121.84118-11.364445.31.13.0376030.2115281191891.419641965310176.01304624124.04120-14.069935.81.13.0385930.71192601943014361271.91.419651966321183.41374625126.04122-12.876645.91.13.0385931.5121655196561.419661967333191.11454625128.14124-11.681052.91.03.0366131.3115406198711.419671968345199.31534726130.24126-10.588594.11.03.0376031.2119262200711.419681969357207.91614726132.34128-9.595712.51.03.0376031.2128152202681.419691970370217.01704727134.54.5130-8.510083-0.33.0346329.91193092048815464773.61.419701971379222.21764727136.55132-6.6109342.73.0346328.8119265207051.519711972389227.61814628138.65134-4.7120164.93.0346328.8120876208851.619721973399233.21874628140.65136-2.8134314.94.0346229.2136805210411.819731974409239.01944529142.85138-0.914534-0.74.0336328.7132195211909.019741975420245.02004529144.94.91401.115809-1.03.0336426.71058182135616215773.711.019751976424247.02024530147.051420.0176174.83.0346326.71161222180413.019761977428248.92044531149.15144-1.0196514.63.0346329.71137022202413.519771978432250.92064532151.25146-2.2221925.23.03463301243152225914.019781979436253.02084533153.45148-3.4246442.13.0336430.11232782250620.019791980440255.02104534155.65.6150-4.626844-0.23.0336429.31014572277616989873.730.019801981431246.82054234153.36147-3.1300052.03.0346328.91087852301434.019811982423239.02003935151.06145-1.931149-2.53.0336427.2661372325234.019821983415231.51963635148.97142-1.0335593.72.0326626.8756412348029.019831984407224.41913336146.87140-0.3372486.62.0326627.3839412370029.019841985399217.518730.536.5144.87.791370.2397053.02.0326626.9792402392818016974.528.019851986401219.01893037144.881370.1419452.72.0306826.6737502416015.019861987403220.41903037144.881370.0446123.02.02969810002437717.019871988404221.91923038144.88137-0.1483949075015.019881989406223.41933038144.98137-0.28824114.019891990408224.919529.938.5144.97.89137-0.38866119118175.213.7199022.91991407223.71943039144.58136-0.27939311.4199119.01992406222.61933039144.18136-0.28316210.7199217.81993404221.41922940143.78135-0.2871429.5199315.81994403220.21912940143.39135-0.2889308.6199414.41995402219.119029.140.2142.98.89134-0.276.18.6199514.41996401218.01892941142.59133-0.210.7199617.91997010.7199717.8199801998199901999200002000200102001

canada0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

(1000t)

Sheet100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

2 billion gallons/dFig.2 Fresh water withdraw of American industries

Sheet200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

/Truman et[3] World Bank 1999.3 /Fig.3 Crude oil price change

water use00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Industrial Water Use IndexWUperGDPiGDP Per Capita195077.00.302859389792.33147211.94195183.80.333287408805.98149772.19195290.20.353457399246.36152272.27195396.40.383646409132.82154882.351954102.40.403645399954.42157552.311955111.00.444020399781.95160182.5119561160.454185409569.12163032.5719571210.474405409495.82165932.6519581260.5044663710576.19168902.6419591320.524927399499.79171982.861960138.00.5451193710066.66174882.931961144.90.5753003610490.25177832.981962152.10.605702379959.66180673.161963159.70.636020379903.81183693.281964167.60.666444379713.76186543.451965176.00.696993389150.79189243.701966183.40.727664388698.96191893.991967191.10.758105369050.05194304.171968199.30.788859378400.68196564.511969207.90.829571378111.95198714.821970217.00.8510083348745.49200715.021971222.20.8710934348258.43202685.391972227.60.8912016347697.36204885.861973233.20.9113431347055.66207056.491974239.00.9414534336884.72208856.961975245.00.9615809336488.45210417.511976247.00.9717617345696.54211908.311977248.90.9819651345147.86213569.201978250.90.9822192344595.052180410.181979253.00.9924644334297.552202411.191980255.01.0026844333977.152225912.061981246.80.9730005343342.682250613.331982239.00.9431149333212.362277613.681983231.50.9133559322978.612301414.581984224.40.8837248322600.632325216.021985217.50.8539705322365.142348016.911986219.00.8641945302404.042370017.701987220.40.8644612292353.922392818.641988221.90.8748394282262.552416020.031989223.40.8849846272293.342437720.451990224.90.8851341262327.791991223.70.8852881252338.141992222.60.8754468242352.301993221.40.8756102232370.661994220.20.8657785222393.691995219.10.8659519212421.941996218.00.8561304212339.1519971998199920002001

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GDPGDP

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Industrial Water Use Index

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GDP Per CapitaGDP(1,000US$)

Country NamePer capita GDP (current price, 1,000US$)Per capita GDP (PPP,1985 international constant price,1,000US$)Austria19858.73711.46Australia198010.89712.523528.3197142198234195749198225.4Belgium19858.25911.285Canada199418.87717.009Czech Republic19832.9953.805Denmark198311.20211.828Finland19724.0029.837France198917.10713.6423030196549198134196439.9197736.2Germany FR19892013.8373638196255198535197050197545Greece19908.166.768Hungary19903.1895.357Israel19866.9098.559Italy19817.17810.2854137197444198340197144197736.8Japan19733.88.5394536.3197445197445197336.6197535.2Korea19927.2087.55Luxemburg19757.8610.705Mexico19974.2546.435Netherland19723.6579.683Newe Zealand199312.28812.014Norway198314.49912.714Poland19884.54.529Portugal19802.9414.982Slovak Republic19753.24.7Spain19865.9927.821Sweden19758.94211.958Switzerland198514.92114.864Turkey19912.6463.666United Kindom19858.06316.573431195049198534195750198134.3USA198113.24515.53428.9195140198233195732.7198227.2IcelandIreland

00000000000000000000000000000

Per capita GDP (current price, 1,000US$)

00000000000000000000000000000

Per capita GDP (PPP,1985 international constant price,1,000US$)

Ur(%)19491031236510009500197947675232602631864913740584001570198044370.0484570.1011573002800.1326821236990.04335800.0441190199351980.0129060.0542636434750.04123723838170.0023440-0.0033770199755660.01711210.0555250.02524727839200.00736060.0123140199854350.00911260.0445430.0272552883766-0.00334840.00328201999020000200101979198019931997199847674437519855665435523457906112111262601572632633006431862804755255434968237247255137212238278288405836993817392037664001358034403606348457119377314282

22138282682754631501397994116147784621546689382166933228855796900119322117131102313107399102405102105111748111395101676995489717910558610527998275985131056811079081103391096499813299623982951016519880119971998199920002001

(1000t) (1000t)

49-808.3%4.8%0.58110.1%1.22013.2%1.5904.31%0.51980-9310.0%1.2%0.1235.4%0.5424.1%0.4160.24%0.02493-9710.4%1.7%0.1665.5%0.5282.5%0.2450.67%0.06493-989.8%0.9%0.0914.4%0.4512.7%0.275-0.27%-0.02797-987.8%-2.4%-0.3020.4%0.0553.4%0.436-0.80%-0.1021952100679141.820.9%2072915317.4%1953115.6115.6824192.523.4%2136417158.0%1954104.2120.4552859211.724.6%2183218828.6%1955106.8128.6461536910222.224.4%2232819138.6%1956115147.943076641028280.727.3%23018246810.7%1957105.1155.4881735486106831729.7%2377121429.0%1958121.3188.60715451451307483.537.0%26600707626.6%1959108.8205.20458411181439615.542.8%26173540220.6%196099.7204.58897035941457648.244.5%25880411215.9%196172.7148.73618145131220388.931.9%25590285611.2%196294.4140.406955291149359.331.3%2591020597.9%1963110.2154.72846472961233.3407.633.0%2664020387.7%1964118.3183.04377377511454513.535.3%2773621837.9%1965117214.16121531691716602.235.1%2867024088.4%1966110.7237.07646535581868709.538.0%2980526008.7%196794.3223.56310683051774602.834.0%3081426618.6%196895.9214.39701945051723537.331.2%3191527438.6%1969116.9250.63011573761938689.135.6%3322530309.1%1970119.4299.25235819072252.7912.240.5%34432351810.2%1971107320.20002326412426.41022.842.2%35620399011.2%1972103.8332.36762414812518.11084.143.1%35854427611.9%1973107.9358.62466645582720.9117343.1%36652449212.3%1974102.3366.87303378432789.9119242.7%37369471212.6%1975108.7398.79098772352997.31370.545.7%38168515213.5%197698.4392.410331922943.71337.245.4%38834561114.4%1977107.6422.23351714593201.91509.147.1%39377583114.8%1978111.7471.63483865193624.11745.248.2%40152694517.3%1979107.6507.47908638954038.21913.547.4%41024721417.6%1980107.8547.06245512794517.8219248.5%42361770718.2%1981105.2575.50970279454862.42255.546.4%43725801318.3%1982109.1627.88108574885294.7238345.0%45295834618.4%1983110.9696.32012409545934.52646.244.6%46436867918.7%1984115.2802.16078295871713105.743.3%48197959019.9%1985113.5910.45248865738964.43866.643.1%498731038420.8%1986108.8990.572307659110202.24492.744.0%512821121621.9%1987111.61105.478695347611962.55251.643.9%527831172622.2%1988111.31230.397787921814928.36587.244.1%543341215222.4%1989104.11280.844097226616909.2727843.0%553291197621.6%1990103.81329.516172921218547.97717.441.6%639091365421.4%1991109.21451.8316608321617.89102.242.1%647991386721.4%1992114.21657.991756667926638.111699.543.9%655541422621.7%1993113.51881.82064381834634.416428.547.4%663731486822.4%1994112.62118.930044939146759.422372.247.8%671991525422.7%1995110.52341.417699657758478.128537.948.8%679471562823.0%1996109.62566.193798824867884.633612.949.5%688501618023.5%1997108.82792.018853121474462.637222.750.0%696001649523.7%1998107.83009.796323664979395.738691.848.7%699571644023.5%1999

22138282682754631501397994116147784621546689382166933228855796900119322117131102313107399102405102105111748111395101676995489717910558610527998275985131056811079081103391096499813299623982951016519880119971998199920002001

(1000t) (1000t)

0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

GDP1 GDP

19609007526221453753167191728341082340819449192322247015032770186619601961889258828277395310700175733469124111975023435622441733413087019611962892064227551542429773617243256976401209492313612082185350206671962196399127433150164652957531756316010164032345424939033228819737490762196319641152882839801350531987319783734979456265613154444126652284239096419641965119269144116195463229171960368212684593146835247358274424044390122319651966121669094778195653198921959353213644393267338547684247127847590153219661967115418806215226213029721966367415894483408045147610024283064935010291967196811926101666893063934711572041411616964833718149750711126283275287090419681969128159358217376533931284225145321643552472855985381172685347572201333196919701193111209332486874081261237745041728546504877395491312832385593801779197019711192711048856476803961245228640311745524508897785261122417378579502132197119721208811869690596634011448240543711982546559929535251442532440624502338197219731368113391193211672142415522526495221005295639510815651162659465693502522197319741322013621171319475047016222702532323806455849611655971462232505704302112197419751058213031023120178640711582153404121844634839111125611462010520648192390197519761161213291074027079443812152322424223454575199111095171462227524673902046197619771137013631024127474740911262209389923334334937111303951402041553664802374197719781243214991021131475343412622284412524284795598111514351632031671712813178197819791232816071117552075454213552336460424254945819212124731432147695740823448197919801014615901114085675946212322512317438126504625278612644242541128707717703712198019811087914811016810757644661229241212641612477379547851292377240155776168874356019811982661411879955117663742698956242184235882394350434771315390842801376705625293716198219837564128397181192561441101449242175935732162329448881273421843541499697635254002198319848394147010559130362148711315526318963939902401399574921348471984301523750679254336198419857924146510528135464146610685325218824050992387395552931423481994951572726586364670198519867375140898281456667429972632591790371410122873715288411984711085981481717681365190198619878100147498511678610430982612671769362591228233050884118146098705174374970228560219871988907515181056819116304571124652791900410296236736655491116947883801190177974069590019881989882415521079121886644721094632901929410196250637256764126847092783188077274014614319891990886612101103423136624291139612861902384310025443565423812714461119271791885729206724199019917939129910965260061841911336328918424219982501338518441287425969351652801681637071199119928316139298132785685395103359308179639789224793075424510234361051025160583564615802019921993871414399962330278344210176032617113763982569329600511297459126114116639196561588681993199488931387983033808434391132733421803408388261130761746135549580120417361021709939262199419959517144210165369179549911616531818104205942791641501393495851253176012137434995361995199698801996199719971998199819605606534225443280622834391441435249116516011805232045233093170015651960196156725482463522866530847515815692714184180319060720360730433300621196119625894621287979294633064791631685285919220172026742326743353580060019621963616163129957831272331471152180629222292209208715269715376378008061963196464387113298124363793775851902151336326720822878122948124424150012091964196565087673269164390844045912002241341332120702979883249884334340016341965196667158373757188375884505792032344347435922433161181385118149145600201519661967644573642492443728145558222024783171380262833513484241348600480001462196719686879723476835738776455574228255733444072955344151947315196135130012621968196969587285139483414804566272612770350840731353301632580163267954000182919691970674372857195784508348167326029013832485330838316706371670727567002575197019717105832594368746982550693273289541015543180405171675517167525980031581971197274949096629649488906377092873025431563933464041958842195887563900354719721973775810057812818510106626704289307141016483631408223789522379926920037311973197473411064731188454111164474724932453598702363140923808932380106769900370919741975618297466521013509107563688224297133507943424371240910862409112069500462619751976683199068711187504100588750236295234158743633348253313152533126973200467019761977704099373141420504915997762312896321610563820390280013392800133378000556519771978775510478488151350280573758263281633951144382339229301565293014158270065241978197970511100878016435117556177024128833506120639723692805137928051514922007390197919806512104387961563535615467472522910342412904185374280112872801132695596799619801981649295484831561574765286681612822315012364210332287515042875178495790829019811982558081480691789576261430004025311296015781296193498320952019821983638870980892128535245030473976312113601340173610825198319847045886788520415102272286338302550157413481838123021984198570679577285205056323552294135237362420176713401997951501422219851986714810847127232360123672437131635972404201213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41.031.01964196538.034.043.024.039.049.054.040.041.032.01965196638.034.043.025.037.049.053.040.040.033.01966196736.034.044.026.038.048.051.041.040.033.01967196837.033.044.028.037.048.053.041.039.033.01968196937.032.046.029.038.048.054.042.038.033.01969197034.031.047.029.039.038.050.043.039.032.01970197134.032.046.029.039.038.048.042.038.032.01971197234.031.045.029.037.038.047.042.039.032.01972197334.033.047.032.036.038.047.043.040.032.01973197433.033.04531.037.037.047.044.037.033.01974197533.033.043.033.037.038.044.042.037.033.01975197634.032.04235.035.037.045.044.037.033.01976197734.033.04236.035.037.044.044.038.034.01977197834.032.04238.035.037.044.042.039.034.01978197933.033.041.039.034.037.043.042.039.035.01979198033.033.042.041.036.036.043.043.037.037.01980198134.032.041.040.035.034.041.041.036.037.01981198233.030.041.040.034.034.041.041.036.038.01982198332.030.041.040.034.034.041.040.036.040.01983198432.030.04141.034.032.038.030.035.040.01984198532.031.038.041.034.031.035.030.034.040.01985198630.03742.032.031.038.029.028.039.01986198729.04143.030.037.01987198819881989411989199042.052.51990199143199119921992199326.430.04144.035.531.733.530.428.81993199438.01994199538.01995199638.0199619971997199819981999199920002000195522195519561956195732.736262494737501957195830.935273464736501958195931.5352734648354919591960313328464836491960196130.1322944384937491961196230.6323045394839491962196330.432311145394840481963196430.233311145404840481964196530.733321340394840481965196631.533321340394840481966196731.3323339384841451967196831.2313439384842451968196931.231351839394943451969197029.930351739395043451970197128.830361839394944421971197228.830361838394944411972197329.230372036394944411973197428.730362235394844411974197526.728352434384544391975197626.729352633374544391976197729.72835273136443838197719783028342929364438381978197930.128343029354337371979198029.327352929354337361980198128.92735282834433710341981198227.22534282833423633121982198326.824342926324136321983198427.325343126314034311984198526.9243431253140331730311985198626.624343225401933182221223019861987198719881988198919891990199019911991199219921993199319941994199519951996199619971997199819981999199920002000

YearTotal intakeTotal dischargeConsumptionmillion cubic metresTotal, whole economyindustries intake198136,71733,0873,63029,83229,011821198642,08338,1093,97334,80533,964840199144,97940,6594,32037,18636,383803199644,87440,1334,74036,85435,5891,264Business sectorAgriculture19813,1257132,41219863,5598072,75219913,9919023,08919964,0981,0623,036Mining19816246213198654454221991489489119966816729Manufacturing198110,1539,54361019868,3817,94243919917,4106,86354719966,3975,79959819813,1702,98918119863,0822,87620619912,9432,75818519962,5052,27722819812,0742,0037119862,0572,0144319911,6101,5189219961,4281,30812019813,1882,96322519861,6941,6306419911,3261,2319519961,1821,0839919811,7211,58813319861,5481,42212619911,5321,35717519961,2821,131151Electric power and other utilities198118,16618,08482198624,96324,702261199128,28828,183105199628,66428,183481Other industries198163857563198673666076199181673779199688079684Personal and government sectors19813,7603,36339719863,7193,33838119913,8023,37442819963,9223,4824401.The quantity of water withdrawn from its source is referred to as "intake" and that returned to the source as "discharge." The difference between intake and discharge represents "consumption."Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 16-201-XIE.

Source: Statistics Canada, Catalogue no. 16-201-XIE.

CountryYeardomesticindustryagricultureData SourceAustrilia197517.8011.570.365.87*75-85198514.609.490.294.82Newe Zealand19681.010.530.100.3619801.200.550.120.5319851.900.870.190.8419912.000.920.200.88Canada197730.003.9023.403.002%198036.156.5125.314.3491-96198136.723.7629.833.1381-96,Major withdrawal uses of water,http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/envir05.htm198642.083.7234.813.56199144.983.8037.193.99199644.873.9336.854.10Mexico197554.204.34199177.606.211986-199677.806.22world development indicators 2000-2001Austria19752.750.851.900.00*80-8919803.130.592.280.2519892.120.401.550.1719912.360.781.370.21Belgium19718.260.506.940.831980-198619809.030.997.680.361986-19969.007.65world development indicators 2000-2001Czech Republic19753.042.191975 Czechoslovak data multiplied by ratio of Czech Rpublic in 19911975-199119912.741.561986-19962.501.43world development indicators 2000-2001Denmark19700.770.330.300.14*77-8819771.400.420.380.6019881.170.350.320.5019901.200.360.320.52Finland19724.610.323.920.37*72-8019803.700.443.150.1119893.000.362.550.0919912.200.261.870.07France197527.004.3217.285.13*88-90198433.305.3322.985.00198843.676.9930.136.55199037.736.0426.035.66Germany FR197533.203.3223.246.64*87-91198141.404.1428.988.28198753.725.9137.6010.74199146.275.0932.399.25Greece19754.270.600.133.59*9%19805.040.401.463.1880's5.001.45world development indicators '98?7.002.03Hungary19725.600.502.412.6990's19916.810.613.752.451986-19966.300.003.470.00world development indicators 2000-2001Iceland19870.090.030.060.01*0%19910.160.050.100.01Ireland19720.400.060.300.04*2%19790.790.130.580.0819800.790.130.580.0819901986-19961.200.89world development indicators 2000-2001Italy197036.006.843.2425.56*80-81198056.207.8715.1733.16198146.356.4912.5127.35199056.207.8715.1733.160.000.000.00Luxemburg19730.060.030.030.0073-7619760.060.030.030.01Netherland197214.410.729.224.6172-80198014.200.718.664.83198614.470.728.834.9219917.810.394.762.66Norway19721.400.201.180.030%19802.000.401.440.16198519832.030.411.460.1619852.030.411.460.161986-19982.000.401.44world development indicators 2000-2001Poland197615.902.239.703.981988-91198016.802.6910.084.03198814.491.8811.011.59199112.281.609.331.351986-199612.101.579.201.33Portugal19776.460.452.453.551980-1990198010.501.583.895.0419907.291.092.703.50Slovak Republic19751.980.001.420.001975-199119911.780.001.010.001986-19961.400.000.800.00world development indicators 2000-2001Spain197525.001.755.5018.00*86-91198526.303.166.8416.31198645.855.5011.9228.43199130.753.698.0019.07Sweden19755.002.502.500.001975-198019803.981.432.190.3619893.001.081.650.2719912.931.051.610.26Switzerland19732.501.101.200.20*85-8919853.200.742.340.1319891.120.260.820.0419911.190.270.870.05Turkey197011.800.831.0610.031991.00198515.802.531.7411.38198923.753.802.6117.10199133.505.363.6924.12199231.605.063.4822.75United Kindom197217.664.0613.420.18*80-89198028.355.6721.830.85198914.502.9011.170.44199111.792.369.080.35Korea19752.34http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stm1992.00197610.701.181.398.03199227.605.249.6612.70199423.676.152.3714.91http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stmIsrael19751.720.290.570.861986.0019861.900.300.101.5019891.850.300.091.46Data source: Unless noted, World resources report.

197517.81306650.3675-85198514.64933650.2919681.01360520.3468-8019801.2379460.1219851.9585460.19199121589460.219773012901323.4198036.1515011825.31199145.1216021831.57198119752.75370311.980-8919803.13417192.2819892.12276191.5519912.364304331.3719718.2686066.9419809.03108917117.6819700.77160430.377-8819771.4277300.3819881.17228300.3219901.211233300.3219724.61100073.9272-8019803.7774123.1519893604122.5519912.22440121.871975275101617.2888-90198433.36061622.98198843.677781630.13199037.73216651626.03197533.25401023.2487-91198141.46711028.98198753.726871137.6199146.27485791132.3919754.2711470140.1319805.0452381.4619870.09349310.0619910.160636310.119720.4135160.319790.79235160.5819800.792233160.58197036670193.2480-81198056.29961415.17198146.358111412.51199056.2359861415.1719730.06170470.0373-7619760.062166420.03197214.41111059.22198014.2100458.66198614.4799458.8319917.817851854.7619721.4360141.1819802489201.4419832.03491201.4619852.031488201.4619752570075.586-91198526.3682126.84198645.8511881211.92199130.752878112819755610502.5196619803.98479362.1919893352361.6519912.932341361.6119732.5390441.285-8919853.2502232.3419891.12168230.8219911.193173230.87197217.663202313.4280-89198028.355072021.83198914.5172532011.171974197610.7210111.39199227.642625199.66World Resources Institute, World Resources 1986,1987, 1988-89, 1990-91, 1994-95, 1996-97, 1998-99 a: b: http://water.usgs.gov/. c: Colenbrander 1986. D: 1988-1996

Percent developeddomistic(%)industry(%)agriculture(%)domesticindustryagricultureAustrilia197517.813066523311.570.365.87*75-85198514.64933652339.490.294.82Newe Zealand19681.013605234140.530.340.1419801.23794610440.550.120.5319851.95854610440.870.190.841991215894610440.920.200.88Canada198619773012901378103.9023.403.0090-91198036.1515011870126.5125.314.3491-96198136.71710.281.28.53.7629.833.1381-96,Major withdrawal uses of water,http://www.statcan.ca/english/Pgdb/envir05.htm3,125198642.0838.882.78.53.7234.813.563,55996-97199144.979216028.582.78.93.8037.193.993,991199644.8748.782.19.13.9336.854.104,098Mexico197554.284.34199177.686.211986-199677.886.22world development indicators 2000-2001Austria198619752.75370316900.851.900.00*80-8990-9119803.13417197380.592.280.2594-9519892.12276197380.401.550.1796-9719912.364304335890.781.370.21Belgium198619718.26860684100.506.940.831980-198690-9119809.03108917118540.997.680.361986-19969857.65world development indicators 2000-2001Czech Republic19753.04722.191975 Czechoslovak data multiplied by ratio of Czech Rpublic in 19911975-199119912.74571.561986-19962.5571.43world development indicators 2000-2001Denmark198619700.771604339180.330.300.14*77-8890-9119771.42773027430.420.380.6094-9519881.172283027430.350.320.5096-9719901.2112333027430.360.320.52Finland198619724.61100078580.323.920.37*72-8090-9119803.7774128530.443.150.1194-9519893604128530.362.550.0996-9719912.22440128530.261.870.07France19861975275101664194.3217.285.13*88-9090-91198433.36061669155.3322.985.0094-95198843.677781669156.9930.136.5596-97199037.73216651669156.0426.035.66Germany FR1986197533.25401070203.3223.246.64*87-9190-91198141.46711070204.1428.988.2894-95198753.726871170205.9137.6010.7496-97199146.27485791170205.0932.399.25Greece19754.27470143840.600.133.59*9%19805.0411523829630.401.463.1880's51.45world development indicators '98?7721829632.03Hungary19725.6943480.502.412.6990's19916.81114660955360.613.752.451986-19966.3550.003.470.00world development indicators 2000-2001Iceland19870.09349316360.030.060.0119910.160636316360.050.100.01Ireland19720.41351674100.060.300.04*2%19790.792351674100.130.580.0819800.7922331674100.130.580.0819902671986-19961.22.3740.89world development indicators 2000-2001Italy1986197036670199716.843.2425.56*80-8194-95198056.29961427597.8715.1733.1690-91198146.358111427596.4912.5127.3596-97199056.2359861427597.8715.1733.160.000.000.00Luxemburg198619730.06170475030.030.030.0073-7690-9119760.0621664245130.030.030.01Netherland1986197214.411110564320.729.224.6172-8090-91198014.21004561340.718.664.8394-95198614.47994561340.728.834.9296-9719917.8178518561340.394.762.66Norway198619721.4360148420.201.180.0390-9119802489207280.401.440.16198594-9519832.03491207280.411.460.1696-9719852.031488207280.411.460.161986-199820.5207280.401.44world development indicators 2000-2001Poland197615.94701461252.239.703.981988-91198016.8304721660242.6910.084.03198814.49263831376111.8811.011.59199112.281376111.609.331.351986-199612.11376111.579.201.33199811.32.198.131.00http://www.unece.org/stats/documents/1999/10/env/3.e.docPortugal19776.46670738550.452.453.551980-1990198010.51610621537481.583.895.0419907.29107391537481.092.703.50Slovak Republic19751.98720.001.420.001975-199119911.786337570.001.010.001986-19961.41.7570.000.800.00world development indicators 2000-2001Spain1986197525700722721.755.5018.00*86-9190-91198526.36821226623.166.8416.3194-95198645.8511881226625.5011.9228.4396-97199130.75287811226623.698.0019.07Sweden198619755610505002.502.500.001975-198090-9119803.98479365591.432.190.3694-9519893352365591.081.650.2796-9719912.932341365591.051.610.26Switzerland198619732.5390444881.101.200.20*85-8990-9119853.2502237340.742.340.1394-9519891.12168237340.260.820.0496-9719911.193173237340.270.870.05Turkey197011.833079850.831.0610.031991198515.883171611722.531.7411.38198923.75124331611723.802.6117.10199133.5175851611725.363.6924.12199231.6165441611725.063.4822.75United Kindom1986197217.66320237614.0613.420.18*80-8990-91198028.35507207735.6721.830.8594-95198914.517253207732.9011.170.44199111.7917204207732.369.080.35Korea19759.50.5902.34http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stm1992197610.72101113751.181.398.03199227.6426321935465.249.6612.70199423.67342611636.152.3714.91http://www.fao.org/ag/agl/aglw/aquastat/countries/korea_rep/index.stmIsrael19751.725001733500.290.570.86198619861.9447165790.300.101.5019891.85109410165790.300.091.46Data source: If not noted, World resources report.