lessons in cross-repository interoperability learned from the adore effort
DESCRIPTION
Lessons in Cross-Repository Interoperability learned from the aDORe effort. Herbert Van de Sompel Research Library Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA. The repository model. "Pattern Recognition: The 2003 OCLC Environmental Scan" http://www.oclc.org/membership/escan/toc.htm. Credits. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Lessons in Cross-Repository Interoperabilitylearned from
the aDORe effort
Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library
Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
The repository model
"Pattern Recognition: The 2003 OCLC Environmental Scan"http://www.oclc.org/membership/escan/toc.htm
![Page 3: Lessons in Cross-Repository Interoperability learned from the aDORe effort](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062803/5681480b550346895db53c37/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Credits
The reported material is based on the following work:o The LANL aDORe repository efforto The upcoming PhD thesis by Jeroen Bekaert (Advisor
Herbert Van de Sompel) regarding protocol-based interfaces for Open Archival Information Systems (OAIS)
o The NSF-funded Pathways project in collaboration with the Information Science group at Cornell University (Carl Lagoze, Sandy Payette, Simeon Warner)
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Outline
aDOReA few words about the aDORe architecture
A Federation of RepositoriesA new level of cross-repository interoperability
Pathways InterDisseminatorA context-sensitive service overlay for a federation of repositories
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
aDORe
DIDs
OAI-PMH request DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
LANL
A&I Publisher
publisher
TechReport
A&I
A&I
baseURL(1)
baseURL(1)
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
FTXT
Ingest
ARC
BaseURL
OAI-PMH request
DID, METS, IMS-CP, ...
OAI-PMH request
OAI-PMH request
DIDDID + DIM
Profile/BehaviorRegistry
Registry of trans-formations
MPEG-21DIP
Engine
OpenURL
Identifier Locator
OpenURL gateway
OAI-PMH Federator
OpenURL
transformed content
Content-id or Package-id
baseURL(n) & Package-id
DIMInserter
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
FTXT
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
publisher
A&I Publisher
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARCOpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
RepositoryIndex
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
aDORe effort
aDORe is 2 things:o Standards-based, modular repository architecture
- Distributed architecture- Protocol-based interactions between modules- Applicable to create interoperable federations of
heterogeneous repositorieso Actual implementation of the architecture at LANL for
local storage of digital assets (currently in its 2nd version)
aDORe is not a producto Components of aDORe software, usable in other
environments, will be released
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
aDORe effort
• Standards used in aDORe include: o XML, o XML Schema, o MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration, o MPEG-21 Digital Item Identification, o W3C XML Signatures,o OAI-PMH, o NISO OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services, o Internet Archive ARC file format, o OAIS concepts
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DIDs
OAI-PMH request DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
LANL
A&I Publisher
publisher
TechReport
A&I
A&I
baseURL(1)
baseURL(1)
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
FTXT
Ingest
ARC
BaseURL
OAI-PMH request
DID, METS, IMS-CP, ...
OAI-PMH request
OAI-PMH request
DIDDID + DIM
Profile/BehaviorRegistry
Registry of trans-formations
MPEG-21DIP
Engine
OpenURL
Identifier Locator
OpenURL gateway
OAI-PMH Federator
OpenURL
transformed content
Content-id or Package-id
baseURL(n) & Package-id
DIMInserter
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
FTXT
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
publisher
A&I Publisher
OpenURL
ARCOpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
RepositoryIndex
Compoundobjects
RepositoryRegistry
IdentifierLocator
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DIDs
OAI-PMH request DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
LANL
A&I Publisher
publisher
TechReport
A&I
A&I
baseURL(1)
baseURL(1)
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
FTXT
Ingest
ARC
BaseURL
OAI-PMH request
DID, METS, IMS-CP, ...
OAI-PMH request
OAI-PMH request
DIDDID + DIM
Profile/BehaviorRegistry
Registry of trans-formations
MPEG-21DIP
Engine
OpenURL
Identifier Locator
OpenURL gateway
OAI-PMH Federator
OpenURL
transformed content
Content-id or Package-id
baseURL(n) & Package-id
DIMInserter
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
FTXT
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
DID
publisher
A&I Publisher
OpenURL
ARCOpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
ARC
OpenURL
baseURL(2)
baseURL(3)
baseURL(4)
baseURL(x)
RepositoryIndex
OpenURLResolver
OAI-PMHFederator
DynamicDissemination
Engine
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
OAI-PMH Federator & OpenURL Resolver
aDORe front-end
Interfacestandard
identifierOAIS
AccessType
# items in
response
OAI-PMHFederator
OAI-PMH Package Identifier OAIS DIP 1 or more
OpenURLResolver
NISOOpenURL
Content Identifier, Package Identifier (with XML ID
fragment)
OAIS DIP &Result Set
1
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
aDORe effort
Standards
Distributedarchitecture
Protocol-basedcommunication
Insightsin
Cross-RepositoryInteroperability
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Outline
aDOReA few words about the aDORe architecture
A Federation of RepositoriesA new level of cross-repository interoperability
Pathways InterDisseminatorA context-sensitive service overlay for a federation of repositories
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
The interoperable repository model
I will try to show that:• a significantly higher level of cross-repository interoperability can be achieved with relatively modest means• those means are largely available and agreed upon in our community
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Part 1 : Requirements for a repository in a federation
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repositories & Units of Communication
• Data-oriented research => not only textual materials, but also datasets,
software, simulations, dynamic knowledge presentations, …
• Research results represented by variety of digital media these media must receive status similar to that of
text in current system• Materials in various stages of certification:
units of communication not only ‘papers’ but also preprints, raw datasets, prototype simulations, …
• Facilitate collaboration re-use of units of communications
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repositories & Units of Communication
• Handling this requires:o a compound object view of a unit of communicationo stop thinking in terms of metadata versus content
• Compound object:o Has a persistent identifiero Contain materials and metadata about those
materialso Can contain other compound objects
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Compound objects
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
URIs:
• minted by different repositories• from different namespaces• not (necessarily) locators
compound object
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
XML-based representation of compound objects
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
compound object
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
MPEG-21 DIDLMETS
IMS/CPRDF
XML-basedrepresentation
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repository Interop Interface 1: OAI-PMH & CO
OAI-PMHbaseURL_m
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
OAI-PMHharvester
repository_a
• machine consumption • batches of compound objects• OAI-PMH datestamp ~ new version of object
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
OAI-PMH interface to OAIS (Jeroen Bekaert)
agent
baseURL(OAIPMH_CIID)?verb=ListMetadataFormats
baseURL(OAIPMH_CIID)?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=info:pathways/svc/dip.rdf
list of DIP formats (ListMetadataFormats response)
list of DIPs (derived from most recent AIPs)
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repository Interop Interface 1: OAI-PMH & CO
OAI-PMHharvester
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
URI_12
add valuerecombine
repository_b OAI-PMHbaseURL_n
• include provenance ~ version of compound object
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repository Interop Interface 2: OpenURL & CO
OpenURLbaseURL_o
repository_n
OpenURL
baseURL_x? url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & rft_id=URI_7 & svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip.*
• machine (& human) consumption • single object dissemination ~ identifier of compound object
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
• ServiceType = Request a representation of the DO expressed using a compound object format
o Example: - svc_id = info:pathways/svc/dip.didl (request
MPEG-21 DIDL representation)- svc_id = info:pathways/svc/dip.mets (request
METS representation)- svc_id = info:pathways/svc/dip.rdf (request RDF
representation – see later)
• Other Entities could be added to Interface #2 (think Requester)
Repository Interop Interface 2: OpenURL & CO
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repository Interop Interface 2: OpenURL & CO
OpenURLbaseURL_o
repository_n
OpenURL
• independent of nature of identifiers• ‘resolution’ independent of scheme-specific mechanisms• conceptual interface is persistent over time
• KEV & HTTP• XML & SOAP• …
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
OpenURL interface to OAIS (Jeroen Bekaert)
agent
list of ContextObjects
DIP (RDF)
BaseURL(OpenURL_CIID)?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ContentInfoIdentifier&svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip
BaseURL(OpenURL_CIID)?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ContentInfoIdentifier&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:pathways&rft.aip=AIPIdentifier&svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip.rdf
OpenURL
for each DIP format
list of ContextObjects
BaseURL(OpenURL_CIID)?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ContentInfoIdentifier&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:pathways &rft.aip=AIPIdentifier&svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip
for each AIP (version)BaseURL(OpenURL_CIID)?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ContentInfoIdentifier&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:pathways &rft.aip=AIPIdentifier&svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip
BaseURL(OpenURL_CIID)?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_id=ContentInfoIdentifier&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:pathways&rft.aip=AIPIdentifier&svc_id=info:pathways/svc/dip.*
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Part 2 :Requirements for an infrastructure supporting a federation of repositories
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Repository Registry: Who is part of the Federation?
RepositoryRegistry
register
Per Repository:
• Repository identifier
• baseURL of OAI-PMH interface• baseURL of OpenURL interface
• whichever kind of information that helps downstream applications understand about the nature of the repository
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Object Registry: What is part of the Federation?
ObjectRegistry
harvest(identifiers)
Per compound object:
• Object identifier• Object datetime ~ OAI-PMH datestamp• OAI-PMH identifier• Repository identifier
of the object itself, and of its contained objects
SRUSRW
handle
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
OAI-PMH & OpenURL access to objects in federation
ObjectRegistry
RepositoryRegistry
URI_7
• List of existing copies• Per copy:
• OAI-PMH access info• OpenURL access info
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
SRUSRW
handle
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Part 3 : Summary of requirements
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Summary of requirements
Requirement Repository Infrastructure
Compound Object model support
X
XML-based representations support
X ?
OAI-PMH CO support X
OpenURL CO support X
Repository Registry X
Object Registry X
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Summary of requirements
Many variations on the design possible, yet most of this can be achieved with:
• Off-the-shelf toolso OAI-PMH toolso Handle system, SRU/W toolso OpenURL toolso Tools to generate XML-based representations of
objects• Surprisingly little effort• A feasible amount of coordination/specification• Some shared infrastructure
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Outline
aDOReA few words about the aDORe architecture
A Federation of RepositoriesA new level of cross-repository interoperability
Pathways InterDisseminatorA context-sensitive service overlay for a federation of repositories
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Pathways InterDisseminator Service Overlay
• Pathways InterDisseminator: Dynamic Service-Oriented Overlay upon the federated architecture
• Assumes the existence of:• OpenURL Interface to all repositories in the federation• Object Registry (given an identifier, at which OpenURL
interface is the object available?)• Availability of an RDF-based representation of DO
compliant with a Pathways OWL core ontology• Is itself exposed as a different OpenURL Resolver
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Entity hasRepresentation Represen-tation
Location
hasLocation
Format
hasFormat
hasEntity
Pathways InterDisseminator : core ontology
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
DSpace
baseURL_y? url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & rft_id=URI_7 & svc_id=info:pathways/boostrap
Fedora
aDORe
baseURL_y? url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & rft_id=URI_7 & svc_id=info:pathways/dip.rdf
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
RDF
magic
engine
OpenURL ContextObject
Container
InteropInterface 2 OpenURL
Service Overlay
OpenURL Application
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
• There can be many of these engines in a federation. The result is the ability to provide context-sensitive disseminations of DOs in (a federation of) repositories.
Pathways InterDisseminator Service Overlay
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
DSpace
baseURL_y? url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & rft_id=URI_7 & svc_id=info:magic/justdoit
Fedora
aDORe
baseURL_y? url_ver=Z39.88-2004 & rft_id=URI_7 & svc_id=info:pathways/dip.rdf
URI_7
URI_3
URI_9
RDF
serviceexecution
engine
web service
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Pathways InterDisseminator Demo
aDORe Digital Object in Demo
Type MIME identifier
Digital Object scholarly paper N/A DOI
Constituent Datastream 1
metadata recordapplication/xml
(MARCXML)
aDORe datastream id (info
URI)
Constituent Datastream 2
metadata recordapplication/xml
(original metadata)
aDORe datastream id (info
URI)
Constituent Datastream 3
fulltext file application/pdf
aDORe datastream id (info
URI)
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Demo
• Install TSCC coded (http://www.techsmith.com)• Launch movie Pathways_InterDisseminator.avi in same path as
this presentation
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Herbert Van de SompelResearch Library, Los Alamos National Laboratory
OAI4, October 20-22 2005, CERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandRESEARCHLIBRARY
Comments, Flames, Questions