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Kcssjls nrjb Elfeas Tartetejl

Oy Laseb Ujusan

V`c partetejl jn Elfea kcf tj skaui`tcr, rapc, alf gjultkcss atrjgetecs el t`c rciejl8 et nurt`cr rcsuktcf el t`cHas`ber essuc alf oettcr revakry octwccl a lugkcar Tahestal alf Elfea. V`c traieg cpesjfc prjvefcs a

kcssjl njr t`c wjrkf tj kcarl nrjb.

El Tahestal alf Elfea, t`c `estjry jn t`c nrccfjb bjvcbclt `as occl wrettcl ulfcr t`c elnkuclgc jn t`c Akk-Elfea Buskeb Kcaiuc (AEBK) alf Elfeal Latejlak Gjlircss (ELG) partecs rcspcgtevcky, tj w`eg` t`cOretes` tralsncrrcf pjwcr el 1569. Aggjrfeli tj t`c trafetejlak larratevc prjpaiatcf oy t`csc twj partecs,

partetejl was elcvetaokc alf t`c twj partecs wcrc rcspjlseokc njr orelieli nrccfjb tj Oretes` Elfea alf t`cgrcatejl jn Tahestal alf Elfea as scparatc statcs. Out `estjregak fjgubclts strjliky suiicst t`at t`c kcafcrsjn ojt` partecs fef ljt`avc t`c pjwcr tj fcbjkes` Oretes` rukc. El nagt, t`c rcakety es t`at t`c kcafcrs jn t`cAEBK alf t`c ELG wcrc pkayeli eltj t`c `alfs jn t`c Oretes` rukcrs. Sktebatcky, partetejl `as jlky

prjfugcf `ars` gjlscquclgcs alf ulclfeli `jstekety wet`el t`c rciejl.

El jrfcr tj ulfcrstalf w`y partetejl was ekk-afvescf nrjb t`c jutsct, jlc bust nerst ulfcrstalf w`y BuskebKcaiuc alf Gjlircss kcafcrs, w`j wcrc rcspjlseokc njr partetejl, uktebatcky gjltreoutcf tj Oretes` eltcrcsts.Fureli t`c ycars kcafeli up tj partetejl, t`c Oretes` wcrc sccheli tj baeltael t`cer rukc jvcr Elfea, alf t`us

pursucf a pjkegy jn Fevefc alf _ukc. El jt`cr wjrfs, t`cy sjui`t tj pcrpctuatc fevesejls abjlist t`cBuskebs alf @elfus, sj t`at t`c Buskebs alf @elfus wjukf ljt oc aokc tj resc up aiaelst Oretes` rukc.V`crc arc gjultkcss cxabpkcs jn t`c Oretes` pursuet jn t`es pjkegy. _at`cr t`al njrbeli a uletcf nrjlt tjulfcrbelc t`c Oretes`, Buskeb Kcaiuc alf Gjlircss kcafcrs elstcaf affcf nuck tj t`c nerc oy kcietebezelialf elnkateli t`c pjketegak fenncrclgcs octwccl t`c Buskebs alf @elfus, uktebatcky okjweli t`c gjlnkegt jutjn prjpjrtejl. Et es ljt fennegukt tj scc w`y t`es pjkegy was el t`c eltcrcsts jn t`c Buskeb alf @elfu kcafcrs.At t`c tebc, t`c Oretes` wcrc vcry pjwcrnuk alf `af t`c aoekety tj sefckelc aly kcafcr w`j fef ljt nakk el kelcwet` t`cer aiclfa. V`us, et was elguboclt upjl Buskeb Kcaiuc alf Gjlircss kcafcrs tj pcrpctuatc t`cBuskeb-@elfu gjlnkegt, jr resh kjseli t`cer jwl pjketegak garccrs.

V`rjui`jut `es pjketegak clfcavjrs, nrccfjb nei`tcr Akkaba Bas`reqe rcpcatcfky sjui`t tj cxpjsc t`cvcstcf eltcrcsts jn t`c prcvaekeli Elfeal kcafcrs`ep. Bas`reqe gjukf njrcscc t`at t`c Buskeb alf @elfukcafcrs fevesevc wjrfs alf agtejls wcrc sctteli t`c staic njr t`c partetejl jn t`c latejl. @c rcgjilezcf t`at

partetejl wjukf oc fcvastateli tj t`c latejl alf wjukf oreli aojut cvcrkasteli `jstekety el t`c rciejl. El abjlubcltak prcss statcbclt el carky 1569, `c gatcijregakky warlcf, E scc bassagrc jn at kcast jlc bekkejl

pcjpkc. @c aksj sclt a tckcirab tj Kjrf Bjultoattcl (^egcrjy jn Elfea) njrcs`afjweli burfcr alf rueljn at kcast tcl bekkejl Elfeals Clvesejleli t`c screjus rcpcrgussejls jn partetejl, Bas`reqe wjrhcfterckcssky tj oreli aojut t`c keocratejl jn a uletcf Elfea. V`es struiikc akbjst gjst `eb `es kenc, alf `c was

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staoocf alf arrcstcf el Fck`e, w`crc t`c AEBK was `jkfeli a bccteli at t`c Ebpcreak @jtck (jl Mulc 45,1569) tj aggcpt a trulgatcf Tahestal.

Yet` t`c partetejl jn Elfea, Bas`reqes ferc warleli gabc tj nruetejl. Tartetejl orjui`t ult`elhaokc traicfy,as at kcast jlc bekkejl Buskebs, @elfus, alf Weh`s wcrc orutakky hekkcf alf gjultkcss yjuli Buskeb alfljl-Buskeb ncbakcs wcrc rapcf jr aofugtcf. Tarclts, g`ekfrcl, alf spjuscs wetlcsscf t`c skaui`tcr jnkjvcf jlcs alf wcrc njrgcnukky scparatcf. V`crc arc gjultkcss `cartorcaheli stjrecs sug` as t`csc t`at spcahtj t`c atrjgetecs t`at ocnckk elljgclt pcjpkc as a rcsukt jn t`c gjultrys fevesejl8 t`csc Buskeb alf ljl-Buskeb gevekeals wcrc t`c ulnjrtulatc vegtebsjn t`c pjketegs jn t`c AEBK alf Gjlircss (t`cer fcat`s wcrcljt a lcgcssary sagrenegcnjr elfcpclfclgc, as `as occl suiicstcf oy sjbc wretcrs alf spcahcrs). Ocyjlft`c fercgt `ubal tjkk, partetejl aksj prjfugcf a `jst jn jt`cr nar-rcag`eli gjlscquclgcs el t`c rciejl,elgkufeli t`c Has`ber gjlnkegt, njur wars, gjultkcss ojrfcr gkas`cs, alf t`c sprcaf jn tcrrjresb el t`crciejl. Tcr`aps bjst ebpjrtaltky, a latejl gjbprescf jn gjbbuletecs t`at `af gj-cxestcf njr gclturecs `asljw occl tralsnjrbcf eltj twj lugkcar-arbcf `jstekc lcei`ojrs. V`c rciejlak alf ikjoak elstaoekety gauscf

oy partetejl `as `af ebbcasuraokc gjlscquclgcs, alf t`c pcjpkc jn t`c twj latejls gjlteluc tj sunncr nrjbt`csc gjlscquclgcs cvcl tjfay.

Et es gkcar t`cl t`at t`c partetejl jn Elfea was jlc jn t`c oeiicst okulfcrs jn t`c ?4 t`gcltury. Uct elstcaf jngjlfcbleli t`c pjkegecs jn t`c pjketegak partecs t`at agtuakky grcatcf t`es partetejl, `estjreals alf wretcrs

`avc prcscltcf partetejl as al elcvetaokc jggurrclgc. V`cy prjmcgt AEBK alf Gjlircss kcafcrs as `crjcs,w`ekc eiljreli t`c nagt t`at t`cer agtejls rcsuktcf el trcbclfjus `ubal traicfy alf cvcrkasteli `jsteketywet`el t`c rciejl. Nurt`crbjrc, wretcrs lcikcgt tj bcltejl t`at partetejl wjukf ljt `avc jggurrcf, `af et ljt

occl el t`c eltcrcst jn t`c rukeli pjwcr at t`c tebc. Y`ekc ojkstcreli t`c prj-partetejl pcrspcgtevc jn t`jscel pjwcr, baelstrcab wretcrs `avc sebuktalcjusky festjrtcf t`c vecws jn Bas`reqe (alf jt`crs w`j strjlikynavjrcf a uletcf Elfea). V`c prelt alf ckcgtrjleg bcfea (elgkufeli tckcvesejl) nurt`cr gjltreoutc tj t`esfestjrtejl, as t`cy fj ljt puokes` jr akkjw fesgussejl jn nagts t`at arc gjltrary tj t`c trafetejlak larratevc jn

partetejl. El ojt` Tahestal alf Elfea, t`cy prjbjtc t`c kcafcrs jn t`c AEBK alf Gjlircss rcspcgtevcky. Akagh jn elfcpclfclt rcscarg`crs alf sg`jkars el t`csc gjultrecs `as aksj gjltreoutcf tj t`c prjokcb. Et es ljsurpresc t`cl, t`at t`c truc `estjry jn t`c latejl es ulhljwl tj pcjpkc jn ojt` gjultrecs. El nagt, t`c `estjryjn ojt` gjultrecs, as gurrcltky wrettcl, es oeascf alf fjcs ljt rcnkcgt rcakety.

Fcspetc t`c naksc larratevc t`at `as occl pjrtraycf el ojjhs

alf t`c bcfea, et es ljt tjj katc tj g`alic t`c status quj.V`c pcjpkc jn Tahestal alf Elfea bust kcarl nrjb t`c crrjrsjn t`c past alf stjp clfjrseli partetejl, as et jlky kcafs tjgjltelueli `jstekety octwccl t`c twj latejls8 t`c gjlgjgtcfalf cxaiicratcf stjrecs rciarfeli t`c nrccfjb bjvcbcltbust gjbc tj al clf. @estjry gal stekk oc rcstjrcf t`rjui`elfcpclfclt wreteli alf t`jui`t8 cfugatejlak elstetutejlsbust aksj oc rcnjrbcf tj clgjuraic lcw efcas alf rcscarg`.Sktebatcky, t`c pcjpkc jn Tahestal alf Elfea bust strevc ljtjlky njr octtcr rckatejls, out aksj tj uletc t`c twj gjultrecs.

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V`c rculejl jn jvcr a oekkejl pcjpkc el Tahestal alf Elfea wjukf oc al ulprcgcfcltcf agtejl. Oy rcturlelitj Akkaba Bas`reqes scknkcss efcjkjiy alf vesejl jn a uletcf Elfea, wc gjukf ulfj t`c fcvastateli cnncgtsjn partetejl. V`c Has`ber essuc wjukf oc rcsjkvcf, t`c pjtclteak njr lugkcar war octwccl t`c twjlcei`ojreli gjultrecs wjukf fesappcar, alf t`c t`rcat jn tcrrjresb gjukf oc crafegatcf mjeltky. Slenegatejlwjukf t`us nelakky oreli bug`-lccfcf pjketegak, sjgeak, alf cgjljbeg staoekety tj t`c Wjut` Aseal rciejl,alf `avc nar-rcag`eli oclcnets njr t`c wjrkf at karic.

Laseb Ujusan es a sg`jkar alf `estjreal w`j `as prcscltcf papcrs at S.W. gjlncrclgcs

alf wrettcl baly artegkcs alf ojjhs. @c `as aksj gjltreoutcf artegkcs tj t`c @arvarf

Asea Quartcrky alf t`c Yjrkf @estjry Clgygkjpcfea (SWA). @es njrt`gjbeli ojjh,

Ba`atba Ialf`e & By Iralfnat`cr, Akkaba Bas`reqe, fesgusscs t`c rjkc jn Bas`reqe

alf Ialf`e el t`c nrccfjb bjvcbclt, t`cer pjketegak fenncrclgcs, alf t`c truc freveli

njrgc oc`elf t`c keocratejl jn Oretes` Elfea el 1569.

Gjpyrei`t ?411 Laseb Ujusan

Tuokes`cf el=

Lcws nrjb Oaoikafcs , Muky 41, ?411`ttp=//oalikafcs`-wco.gjb/vecw.p`p:`ef_cgjrf27309>>

Gjultcr Gurrclts (Elfea), Muky 41, ?411`ttp=//www.gjultcrgurrclts.jri/yjusan414911.`tb

Bahc Tahestal Octtcr, Muky 47, ?411`ttp=//www.bahcpahestalocttcr.gjb

Yjrkf Trcss Jri(SWA), Muky 47, ?411`ttp=//www.wjrkfprcss.jri/Asea/7994.gnb

Elfea Iazcttc(Austrakea), Muky 47, ?411`ttp=//stjry.elfeaiazcttc.gjb/elfcx.p`p/gt/5/gef/941cc5>>14g006a>/ef/6>307>6>/

V`c Kjlfjl Tjst, Muky 46, ?411`ttp=//www.t`ckjlfjlpjst.lct/Muky46?41144405.`tbk

V`c Has`ber Bjletjr(Elfea), Muky 46, ?411`ttp=//has`berbjletjr.jri/hrhas`berbjletjr/4946?411-LF-kcssjls-nrjb-elfeas-partetejl-9515.aspx

Elfeal Buskeb Joscrvcr(Elfea), Muky 46, ?411`ttp=//www.elfealbuskebjoscrvcr.gjb/?411/49/kcssjls-nrjb-elfeas-partetejl.`tbk

V`c Castcrl Tjst(wcchky, Hjkhata, Elfea) Muky ?411`ttp=//www.t`ccastcrlpjst.jri/s`jwZlcws.p`p:jnTaic2?1&`cafKelc2Kcssjls-nrjb-Elfea%?9s-Tartetejl

Ikjoak Tjketegeal (SWA), Muky 11, ?411`ttp=//www.ikjoakpjketegeal.gjb/?>5>3-elfea-pahestal-partetejl-buskebs-`elfus

Yesfjb Okjw(Fck`e, Elfea), Muky 1?, ?411`ttp=//www.wesfjbokjw.gjb/:p2?431

Wasljffy(Muky-Wcptcbocr ?411 | ^jkubc 7 Essuc 7 | EWWL ?493-9499)`ttp=//www.sasljffy.gjb

Jyc! Vebcs(SWA), Muky 16, ?411

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`ttp=//www.jyctebcs.gjb/vecws/gjkubls/1?379-kcssjls-nrjb

***

T`jtjs gjurtcsy=`ttp=//lcws.oog.gj.uh/?/s`arcf/spk/ e/pjpZups/4>/sjut`ZaseaZelfea4sZpartetejl/`tbk/1.stb