TOPIC 4 – BLOOD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Learning Outcomes:A – Identify, describe and explain the key terms relating to the blood transport systemCJ, CE

B – Identify and describe the key terms relating to the blood transport systemSF, AC, JH, RM

C – Identify the key terms relating to the blood transport system JB, JB, AA, GB

Do Now Task – Try and recall any information from GCSE to complete the blank heart cycle diagram

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

INTRODUCTION

For our muscles to contract during exercise they need a constant supply of oxygen.

The supply of oxygen is the function of the lungs and it uses a series of tubes and blood vessels to transport this oxygen around the body. The

blood and blood vessels form the Blood Transport System.

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

INTRODUCTION

Blood also carries other substances such as glucose, amino acids, nutrients and hormones.

Blood is a fluid and therefore responds to changes in temperature and redistributing it allows us to regulate our temperatures. Blood also

protects the body from infection though blood clotting and prevents a loss of blood

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

CIRCULATION

There is a major vein that carries blood from every part of the body back to the heart.

What is in the blood?

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

There is a major artery that supplies every part of the body with blood from the heart.What is the opposite?

Blood flows away from the heart throughARTERIES

As they get closer to the muscles these arteries break off into small vessels calledARTERIOLES

Once in close proximity to the muscles these arterioles break even smaller to

CAPILLARIES

CIRCULATIONUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

CIRCULATIONUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

Once oxygen and carbon dioxide has exchanged the blood then travels back through a series of vessels to the heart

There are 2 transport systems for the blood so that it follows a figure of 8 pattern

PULMONARY CIRCULATIONUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATIONUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

ARTERIES AND VEINSUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

The walls of both of these vessels have three layers;

1. An inner endothelium2. Middle layer of smooth muscle and

elastic fibre3. An outer fibrous layer

Task – Use your books to independently research the three structural features of

arteries, veins and capillaries

We have roughly 4-5 litres of blood in us and in our bodies there are more capillaries than there is blood. So not every capillary has

blood at the same time.This leads to competition in the body

Therefore when we are exercising blood is moved/shunted to the working muscles from other parts of the body

REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD DURING EXERCISEUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

CAPPILARIES CAPPILARIES

Make a list of parts of the body that would need more oxygen if running a 1500m race. Are there any parts of the body that will not need as much

oxygen?

From where to where?

Vasoconstriction – The sphincters (ring of muscle) in the arterioles contract and restrict blood flow

Vasodilation – These sphincters relax to allow flow of blood back into the capillaries

VASCULAR SHUNTUnderstand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

REGULATION OF VASCULAR SHUNT

How is this controlled?Sympathetic Nervous System – Stimulation from these nerves

through impulses cause vasoconstriction.These same nerves make arterioles elsewhere in the body dilate -

vasodilation

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

LOCAL FACTORS

What other factors could trigger the vascular shunt?

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

- Drop in oxygen - Rise in carbon dioxide

- Increase in acidity - Muscle activity

What do we do to trigger muscle activity

when taking part in physical activity?

Task

WHERE DOES THE BLOOD GO

More blood is distributed to the; - Heart - Working muscles - Skin

Blood is taken away from; - Liver - Kidneys - Digestive organs

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

Where does blood remain the same?

TASK

Can you complete the revision tool so that is includes all vital information from the lessons.

Emphasising keywords and explanations.

Your work should include the following keywords;Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, vascular shunt, artery, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, structure, redistribution, circulation

Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise

Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

QUESTIONS

When competing at maximum effort, a performer will experience changes in the way blood is distributed around the body, compared to rest.1. Explain why the blood flow to the brain remains the same at rest and during a game? (2)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................2. Explain why there is a need for blood flow to increase to the skeletal muscles during a game an dhow it is achieved? (4)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...........................................................................................................................

QUESTIONS

When competing at maximum effort, a performer will experience changes in the way blood is distributed around the body, compared to rest.1. Explain why the blood flow to the brain remains the same at rest and during a game? (2)

The brain doesn’t switch off during exercise so the blood flow remains the same so that it can work just as hard

2. Explain why there is a need for blood flow to increase to the skeletal muscles during a game and how it is achieved? (4)Blood flow needs to increase in the skeletal muscles during exercise as they are working harder needing oxygen quicker to break down glucose and make energy. This is achieved through the vascular shunt. Vasoconstriction of capillaries supplying less important areas such as the liver and digestive system occur and vasodilation of the capillaries supplying the skeletal muscles happen so it increases theblood flow and therefore its oxygen uptake