Lesson sixLesson six

Word Word

Sentence Sentence Conclusion Conclusion

Phrase Phrase

Made by Coin Carol Charity Helen English 131

trickltricklee

stockstock

food

theatre

finance

plant

respect

supply

for punishment

stock

farm animals

family/ancestors

stockA supply of goods that is available for sale in shop. 现货 ，存货 , 供应物

We have a fast turnover of stock.

The value of the shares in a company that have been sold. 股份，资本

stock prices / stocks and shares

supply & finance

stock

Of farming, noble,french

The newcomers were of peasant stock.

A liquid made by cooking bones, meat, ect.

vegetable stock . 菜汤

family/ancestors &food

stockThe degree to which sb. is respected or liked by other people

Their stock is high/low.

A wooden structure with holes for the feet, used in the past to lock criminals in as a form of punishment

respect & for punishment

stock

Farm animals, such as cows and sheep, that are kept for their meat, wool, ect.

Breeding stock. 种畜

farm animals

stockstock trickletrickle

noun verb

trickle

trickleA small amount of liquid, flowing slowly.

细流，涓流 .

A small amount or number of sth, coming or going slowly.

A steady trickle of visitors.三三两两络绎不绝的游客。

noun

verb noun

trickle

trickleTo flow, or to make sth flow, slowly in thin stream.

Tears were tricking down her cheeks.

To go, or to make sth go, somewhere slowly or gradually

1.People began trickling into the hall.2.News is starting to trickle out.

verb

They came at it as though it were an enemy, which of course it was.

Come at (1): To rush at; attack 对……冲击，攻击(2): To obtain; get 获得，得到Come at an education through study. 经得到教育

come about: （风等）改变方向；转帆，转航向 come around: 恢复， 还原；改变某人意见或立场 come back: 东山再起；再现记忆 反驳，回答。 Eg: Come back with a sharp riposte come by: 占有；取得。 Eg: Mortages are hard to come by. come down: 失去财富或地位；传承；宣判 come over: 改变立场；偶然拜访 come through: 作要求的或预期的事；成为显然的 come to: 恢复知觉 come clean: 全部坦白 come down with: 染病，得病 come in for: 接受， 服从

Certainly, there are many examples , ……to the contraryto the contrary

on the contrary

Listen (out) for : listen alertly and expectingly so as to hearAnnie will come in at any moment; we are all listening for her footsteps.We stood without the gate and listened for the sound of his voice, but in vain.

…The women stayed close to their thick-walled houses and listened day and night for the signal of alarm.

listen in (on/to sth): listen to a conversation that you are not supposed to hearYou shouldn’t listen in on other people’s conversation.

Listen to: listen carefully; obey sth. A patient will usually listen to the doctors’ advice and act on it.

Bargain for:(1)Seek to obtain at a low price 企图廉价获取；指望Bargain for the furs…There she bargained for some land.(2)Expect 料想I didn’t bargain for that.I didn’t bargain for your arriving so soon.

…and eventually to bargain for the furs which were the first precious negotiable wealth American produced for trade and export.

SentenceSentence BY BY CHARITYCHARITY

Uncommon punctuation!

semicolon

））

All these evils can and must be overcome if America and Americans are to survive; but many of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future for our clear and present profit.

can and must be overcomeAll these evils can and must be overcome if America and Americans are to survive but many of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future for our clear and present profit. stealing from the future for our clear and present profit.

•Complex sentence

• passive voice

• present participle

1. Adverbial clause of condition

2. Adverbial clause of comparison

The function is equal to attributive clause “who steal from the future……”

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Sentence one

All these evils can and must be overcome if America and Americans are to survive; but many of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future for our clear and present profit.

All these evils can and must be overcome if America and Americans are to survive but many of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future for our clear and present profit. stealing from the future for our clear and present profit.

如果美国和美国人要继续生存下去，所有的这些罪行都能够也必须被克服；但是我们中的一些人的行为仍然和我们的祖先一样，为了我们明显的现在的利益，去偷窃未来 .

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ANALYZATION

TRANSLATION

Sentence two

For a goodly time the Americans were travelers, moving about the country collecting its valuables, but with little idea of permanence; their roots and their hearts were in the towns and the growing cities along the eastern edge.

很长一段时间美国人是旅行者，在国家周围旅行并收集那里的珍宝，但并不了解永恒的意义，他们的根和他们的心在沿东缘的城镇和发展中的城市。

The function of “present participle” is equal to “Attributive clause”

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1.If the clauses are closely related and the relation is clear without a conjunction.

In 1800, a traveler needed six weeks to get from New York City to Chicago; in 1860, the trip by railroad took two days.

2.When a transitional expression appears in the middle or at the end of the second independent clause.

Many corals grow very gradually; in fact, the creation of a coral reef can take centuries.

SEMICOLON between independent clauses

Case one

*use a semicolon before conjunction ( and, but, for, or, nor, so) to make the sentence more understandable, especially when the first sentence has one or more commas.

When I eat alone, I leave a mess; but that’s not the worst of it.

Conjunctiveadverbs

accordingly, finally, meanwhile, similarly, also, furthermore, moreover, specifically, anyway, hence, nevertheless, besides, however, subsequently

Conjunctiveadverbs

certainly, indeed, nonetheless, then, consequently, instead, now, therefore, conversely, likewise, otherwise, thusbesides

Transitional phrases

after all,

even so,

in fact,

as a matter of fact,

for example,

in other words,

as a result,

for instance.

Transitional phrases

at any rate,

in addition,

on the contrary,

at the same time,

in conclusion,

on the other hand 。

Transitional expression

Classic science fiction sagas include Star Trek, with Captain Kirk, Dr. McCOY, and Mr. Spock; Battlestar Galactica, with its Cylons; and Star Wars, with Han Solo, Luke Skywalker, and Darth Vader.

SEMICOLON between itemsin a series containing internal punctuation

Use semicolon between items in a series containing internal punctuation. In this case, readers won’t fail to distinguish the major groupings in the sentence.

Case two

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Common misuses !

When the subject after

conjunction in the second sentence

is the same as the first

Five of the applicants had worked with

spreadsheets ; but only one was

familiar with database management.

All should use comma instead !

Between a subordinate clause and the rest of the

sentence.

Although children’s literature was added to the National

Book Awards in 1969 ; it has had its own award, the

Newbery Medal, since 1922.

Between an appositive and the word it

refers to.

The scientists were fascinated by the species

Argyroneta aquatica ; a spider that lives

underwater.To introduce a list

Some of my favorite celebrities

have their own blogs ; Lindsay

Lohan,

Rosie O’Donnell, and Zach Braff.

,

,

,

,

Suspicion lasted a long time, and was fed by clashes sometimes amounting to full-fledged warfare; but by now these Americans attacked and defended as the Indians did.

））

For a goodly time the Americans were travelers, moving about the country collecting its valuables, but with little idea of

permanence; their roots and their hearts were in the towns and the growing cities along the eastern edge.

ConclusionConclusion

11 The titleThe title

22Analysis of the articleAnalysis of the article

33 The themeThe theme

44 SuggestionSuggestion

AmericaAmericans and ns and

the landthe land Relationship Relationship between between humanhuman

beingsbeings and and naturenature

Cutting and burning theforests to make roomfor crops

Abandoning knowledge of kindness to the landCropping out pieces of land across the country

Topsoil being…eroded ; clay Merciless looting and rock being exposed Killing buffalo

Plowing Getting rid of manure

Ripping off the grass

Exposing soil to flood, draught and wind

Reducing the rainfall

Desertification

This essay mainly talks about This essay mainly talks about the fact that Americans treat the fact that Americans treat

the nature without the nature without responsibility and mercy just responsibility and mercy just like their early settlers. The like their early settlers. The

author John Steinbeck author John Steinbeck described how people pillaged described how people pillaged

the country vividly from the country vividly from different perspectives. He tries different perspectives. He tries to express the idea that human to express the idea that human

should live with nature should live with nature harmoniouslyharmoniously..

“virgin and noble timber”, “helpless-topsoil”, “searching-clouds”, “beckoning- woods”, “draw and milk-

clouds”. In this essay, the author uses these words to describe the grass and tree in the land. These words shows the author’s love of his land. However, he uses “raiders”,

“invaders ”, “come at ”,“pillage ”,“steal ”, “plunder ”,“rape ” ，“ reckless ”,“merciless ”, “hostile” to describe those who

pillaged the nature without responsibility and mercy .These words are in contrast to the words describe the land. There is

no doubt that these words not can stir up reader’s love of nature, but inspire them to rebuke man for destroying the

environment.

Analysis from vocabulary

。

Analysis from rhetoric

“Then the plows went in and ripped off the protection of the buffalo grass and opened the helpless soil to quick water and slow drought and the mischievous wind that roamed through

the Great Central Plains.” This sentence uses the figure of personification. In this essay, the author uses the figure of

personification in many places. On one hand, it emphasize on the equal relationship between human and nature; on the other hand, a person's life can arouse the human beings’

empathy, as if we own suffer from the abuse. It can arouse the readers’ love to the nature and hate to vandals.

Analysis from rhetoric

As to the context, the author writes according to time sequence. The phrases like “after a time” and “for a good

time” are used, which has displayed the history of invasion of the nature by mankind completely. The connection of pronouns stated that the essay deeply depends on the

context, which give you sense that the author told you all these in front of you.

Analysis from context

The present generation must stop their suicidal behavior for American and Americansto survive. A reflection on land-destruction to stir up our sympathy and love for nature and to raise our awareness of nature-human harmony.

All these evils can and must be overcome if American and Americans are to survive; butmany of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future forour clear and present profit…

All these evils can and must be overcome if American and Americans are to survive; butmany of us still conduct ourselves as our ancestors did, stealing from the future forour clear and present profit…

THANKS