Lesson Seven:Lesson Seven:Disability and SportDisability and Sport

Cultural DiversityCultural Diversity

In & Through Sport In & Through Sport

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By the end of the session you should be able to:

• Describe different types of disabilities and how do they occur

• Explain the impact of major sporting events for athletes with a disability

• Indentify ways in which disabled athletes can be better included in sports

• Discuss how issues can be improved at multiple levels, from personal,

social, and environmental as well as state support

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes

Work in groups and answer the following questions:

• What types of disability are there and how do they occur?

• What types of sports do people with disabilities take part in?

• What types of sporting events are there for those with disabilities?

Task: Warm UpTask: Warm Up

The disabilities of sportspeople are generally divided into three main

categories. Can you predicted what they may be?

They are:

• Sensory impairment

• Physical disabilities

• Learning disabilities

Types of Disabilities in Types of Disabilities in SportSport

Deafness EventsDeafness Events

Events for those with hearing started nearly 90 years ago.

•The first sporting event for the deaf occurred in 1924

•The Silent Games, organized by The International Committee of Sports for

the Deaf (CISS), were held in Paris, France

•These games evolved over the years to become what is now know as the

“Deaflympics”

Physical Disability Events Physical Disability Events

The first major event to be held for those with disabilities was held in 1948:

• Following World War II, there were lot of ex-servicemen and civilians with

physical disabilities, and sport was used in their rehabilitation

• Sir Ludwig Guttmann organised a sporting event at the Stoke Mandeville

Hospital for those with physical disabilities during the 1948 London Olympics

• Guttmann’s games have developed into the modern day Paralympic Games,

last held in London 2012

Intellectual Disability Intellectual Disability EventsEvents

Sporting events for those with intellectual disabilities started in the 1960s:

• Eunice Kennedy Shriver – sister of President JF Kennedy – began a summer

sports camp for those with intellectual disabilities in 1962

• Anne McGlone Burke, a sports teacher, worked with Eunice Kennedy Shriver to

host the first International Special Olympics Summer Games in 1968

• These games developed into the Special Olympics World Games, which

alternate between summer and winter games every two-years

Extreme EventsExtreme Events

Like their able-bodied counterparts, disabled

athletes are known to push themselves to their

extremes.

• During the Extremity Games each year in

Florida USA, competitors with limb differences

compete in such events as surfing, kayaking,

motocross and mountain biking

Disabled athletes push

themselves to the extreme

Task: Disability SportsTask: Disability Sports

In groups, discuss your experiences of disabled athletes.

• Do you have any first hand experiences of playing with athletes with a

disabled?

• Have you ever seen disabled athletes compete in their sports, either live

or on television?

• Do you know of any sports that are unique to disabled athletes?

Modern EventsModern Events

There are many modern events that bring disabled athletes together from all

over the world to compete. In groups name as many events and sports for

disabled athletes as you can.

• The British Empire Games – which changed its name to The Commonwealth

Games in 1970 – were first held in1930

• The Commonwealth Paraplegic Games were introduced in 1962 during the

Games in Perth, Australia

• Disabled athletes were included in the demonstration sports along side

able-bodied athletes in the 1994 Games in Victoria, Canada

• During the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, disabled athletes

were included as full-members of their national teams, making it the first

ever all inclusive international multi-discipline sporting event!

Commonwealth GamesCommonwealth Games

• The Paralympics were first held in 1948 in England

• Since the 1988 Seoul Summer Olympics, the Paralympics have been held

directly after the respective Olympic Games

• There are six categories within with disabled athletes compete. They are:

amputee, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, wheelchair, visually

impaired, and Les Autres - literally “the Others“ – which include dwarfism,

multiple sclerosis, and congenital disorders

• Paralympians have also competed in the Summer Olympics; most

recently was Oscar Pistorius, a South African sprinter, who qualified for the

400 metres and 4 x 400 metre relay in London 2012

Summer ParalympicsSummer Paralympics

• The Winter Paralympic Games were first held in

Ornskoldsvik, Sweden in 1976.

•Following an IOC agreement in 1988, the first

Paralympics Winter Games to be held directly after the

Winter Olympic Games were in France in 1992

•Some of the main events during the Winter

Paralympic Games include: Alpine skiing; biathlon;

cross-country skiing; ice sledge hockey; and wheelchair

curling.

Winter ParalympicsWinter Paralympics

Disabled athletes sometimes

have to use modified

equipment to help them

compete

Task: Demonstration GamesTask: Demonstration Games

In groups think of a sport that is currently not part of the Paralympics and

discuss how this sport could be included in the Paralympics so that disabled

athletes could compete. Things you may need to consider could include:

• Rule changes

• Equipment modification

• Pitch/court alterations

Disability InclusionDisability Inclusion

In groups, discuss how disabled athletes can be included in sports.

• In what ways can we include disabled athletes in sports?

• Are there any sports you think disabled athletes cannot play?

• What do you think are the benefits of including disabled athletes in

sports?

Disability InclusionDisability Inclusion

Watch then discuss the following video:

Click here.

Task: Disability InclusionTask: Disability Inclusion

In groups, discuss what the following people/organisations could do to make

sports more inclusive in your area:

• Your College

• The clubs/teams you belong to

• Your local council

• The Northern Ireland Assembly

• You

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

Disability Rights UK surveyed disabled people’s views of press coverage of

disability and the findings from disabled people surveyed were that:

• Over three quarters (77%) could cite negative press articles about

disabled people; only a third (35%) a positive story;

• 94% suggested press portrayal of disability equality issues was ‘unfair’

and 76% said the volume of negativity was ‘significantly increasing’;

• 91% said there was a link between negative press portrayal of disabled

people and rising hostility/hate crime;

• Nearly half (42%) suggested the government was responsible for rising

press negativity and hostility towards disabled people.

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

In groups discuss what effect you think big events, such as the Paralympics,

help:

• disabled athletes become more included in sports

• change negative stereotypes of disabled athletes

• improve general attitudes of those with disabilities in wider society

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

Disability Rights UK surveyed disabled people’s views of press coverage of

disability and the findings from disabled people surveyed were that:

• Over three quarters (77%) could cite negative press articles about

disabled people; only a third (35%) a positive story;

• 94% suggested press portrayal of disability equality issues was ‘unfair’

and 76% said the volume of negativity was ‘significantly increasing’;

• 91% said there was a link between negative press portrayal of disabled

people and rising hostility/hate crime;

• Nearly half (42%) suggested the government was responsible for rising

press negativity and hostility towards disabled people.SOURCE: Centre for Access to Football in Europe (CAFE)

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

Speaking during the 2012 London Paralympics, Neil Coyle, Director of Policy

and Campaigns at Disability Rights UK, said:

“As we celebrate the greatest ever Paralympics it is vital that we

challenge negative stereotypes of disabled people in the media. We

agree with Seb Coe that these Games will be defined by the legacy they

leave behind. The government must seize this opportunity to combat the

rise in hostility disabled people are experiencing.”

SOURCE: Centre for Access to Football in Europe (CAFE)

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

Kevin Craig, Managing Director of Political Lobbying and Media Relations

(PLMR), co-sponsors of the report, says:

“The way disabled people are referred to by government and the media

has a major effect on their lives. Today’s report shows just how serious

an issue this has become and the urgent need to address the problem.

The Paralympics are all about showing that anybody has the ability to be

extraordinary. Their legacy must be an end to the stigmatisation of

disabled people once and for all.”

SOURCE: Centre for Access to Football in Europe (CAFE)

Legacy of EventsLegacy of Events

In groups, discuss how to “seize this opportunity” to improve attitudes

toward those with disabilities, in particular disabled athletes, by the following

organisations:

• The UK Government

• The Northern Ireland assembly

• You local council

Thought for the DayThought for the Day

• Henry Smalls, sixth Dan in Karate, 4th Dan in Kendo...

Click here.