THE CRANK’s LEARNING OBJECTIVES

WHAT?WHAT?identify key population terms

recognise the global pattern of urbanisation

revel in bringing back another classic 70s gameshow!

WORLD CITIES!Contemporary urbanisation processes

Urban decline and regeneration within urban areas

Retailing and other services

Contemporary sustainability issues in urban areas

““What do they What do they mean?!”mean?!”• What is a millionaire city?

• What is a megacity?

• What is a world city?

Come up with a definition for each, thinking caps on per favor - Premium Crank PointsTM are available!

Key Key TermsKey Key Terms• Millionaire City – a city with more

than 1million people(India & China have the most in

the world)• Megacity – a city with more than

10million people(20 in the world, of which 15

are in LEDCs)

Key Key TermsKey Key Terms• World City – a city with great influence on

a global scale, because of financial status and worldwide commercial power

• Which three cities sit at the top of the global hierarchy?

New York!London!Tokyo!

Key Key TermsKey Key Terms• World City

– These house the HQ of many mega TNCs

– Centres of world finance– International consumer services

• There are other major ones of course – LA, Paris, Singapore, Sao Paulo...

Big Big Cities!Big Big Cities!• Almost 50% of the world’s population

lives in towns and cities!• And 19% lives in a city of more than

1million people, or as we now call it, a millionaire city

Where Is It?!?Where Is It?!?• Which areas do you think urbanised

first?

• Which areas of the world do you think are increasing most rapidly?

Urbanisation – which areas?!

Where Is It?!?Where Is It?!?• Increasing rapidly in Africa and Asia

• By 2025, almost the half the pop of these continents will live in urban areas – 80% of all urban dwellers will live in LEDCs

Hand in Hand...Hand in Hand...• The level of urbanisation tends to

increase at the same time as rapid economic development - of course China, India etc are developing economically

• In MEDCs, urban population peaked in 1970s and is now falling steadily

What does the map show?

Niger Ethiopia

Oman

Saudi Arabia

Libya

Sweden

The causes of urban The causes of urban growthgrowth

1. Natural population growth• There tends to be more young people in

cities as it is the young that are most likely to migrate from rural areas. They then have children meaning the rates of natural increase are higher in cities.

2. Rural-urban migration• This is divided into push and pull

factors.

PUSH

From rural

PUSH

From rural

Population growth – not enough land to support the people. Leads to over-farming and low yields

Agricultural problems – due to desertification, subdivision of land into smaller plots and debt on loans taken out to help pay for agricultural change.

Health - Local diseases and inadequate medical provision.

Cash crops – land traditionally used to grow food for locals now used to produce crops for money.

Natural disasters – floods, tropical storms, earthquakes..

Wars and civil strike cause people to flee

PULL to urban

PULL to urban

Employment- in factories and service industries such as hotels – better paid than rural area jobs.

Informal employment – selling on the street, providing transport eg. rickshaw, prostitution.

Better quality social provisions – education, healthcare, entertainment….

A perceived better quality of life

World citiesWorld cities• There has been an economic shift in

advanced economies from goods production to information handling.

• Globalisation has led to manufacturing shifting from traditional centres such as Manchester to lower wage economies eg. China

World cities:World cities:• World cities are identified as places of

innovation and entrepreneurialism.• Are part of a network of learning consisting

of clusters of universities, company research bases and so on. They may be seen as ‘science cities’ or ‘creative hubs’.

• Tend to have shed a lot of their routine activities to other countries.

• Offer a wide range of jobs – but mainly at either the top end or low end – this leads to increased differentiation in types of residential areas within these cities.

EuropeEurope• In Western Europe, London is the only

indisputable world city. Paris perhaps also qualifies.

• Below them are national capital cities and a number of specialised cities eg. Milan, Stuttgart, Manchester. These are called sub-world cities.

• Within Europe high-speed train and air travel has developed to allow convenient face-to-face contact.

• These important centres have shown dynamism in adapting to the loss of traditional manufacturing and goods-handling.