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LESSON NOTES
TEACHERACTIVITIES
CONTENTS
AUDIO-VISUAL/
TEACHINGAIDS
Introduction/
explanation
(1 minutes)
Explanation
Definition
(1 minutes)
Assalammualaikum, good morning and Salam
1Malaysia. I'm Norlida Bt Mohd Nor from
semester 4 want to teach hand hygiene topic.
Students,
Disease-causing microorganisms can
frequently be isolated from the hands. Hand
carriage of bacteria is an important route of
transmission of infection between patients or
from the health care worker to the patient.
Appropriate hand washing results in a reduced
incidence of both nosocomial and community
infections. Guidelines from national and
international infection prevention and control
organizations have repeatedly acknowledged
that hand washing is the single most important
procedure for preventing infections. Despite
this, health care providers¶ compliance with
hand washing is poor .
What is Hand Hygiene?
Hand hygiene is a general term referring to any
action of hand cleaning. Hand hygiene relates
to the removal of visible soil and removal or
killing of transient microorganisms from the
hands while maintaining good skin integrity.
Hand hygiene includes surgical hand
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Explanation
(1 minutes)
Explanation
(1 minutes)
antisepsis.
Types Of Hand Hygiene
1. Hand hygiene
Performing hand washing, antiseptic hand
wash, alcohol-based hand rub, surgical hand
hygiene/ antisepsis.
2. Hand washing
Washing hands with plain soap and water
3. Antiseptic hand wash
Washing hands with water and soap or other
detergents containing an antiseptic agent.
4. Alcohol-based hand rub
Rubbing hands with an alcohol-containing
preparation.
5. Surgical hand hygiene/antisepsis
Hand washing or using an alcohol-based hand
rub before operations by surgical personnel.
Histor y Hand Hygiene
Proper hand washing has been proven the best
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Explanation
Explanation
(1 minutes)
way to prevent infection for many years.
According to the Center for Disease Control
(CDC), article ³W ash Your Hands,´ Dr . Ignaz
Semmelweis (1800s) noticed that death rates in
a hospital¶s maternity clinic staffed by student
physicians were five times higher than death
rates at another clinic not attended by the
student physicians. The student physicians
were working on corpses in an anatomy class
immediately before beginning rounds in the
maternity clinic. After Dr . Semmelweis insisted
that the student physicians wash their hands
before treating the maternity patients, the death
rate decreased fivefold.
Microbial Inhabitant Of Hands
Human skin is colonized with bacteria and the
total bacteria count on the hands of healthcare
workers (HKWs). Those bacteria can be
categorize into two groups:
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Explanation
Explanation
(1 minutes)
1. Transient flora
Colonized the superficial layer of the skin, are
more amenable to remove by routine hand
washing.
They are often acquired during directcontact with patients of contaminated
environmental surfaces of objects (fomites)
within close proximity of the patient.
(E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa)
2. Resident flora
Attached to the deeper layers of skin and are
more resistant to removal by hand washing.
Less likely to be associated with Healthcare
Associated Infections (HAIS).
(Coagulase negative staph, Corynebacterium )
Why Is Hand Hygiene Important?
1. To remove dirt, debris and reduce
microorganisms from hands.
2. To reduce cross contamination or
infections.
3. To break the chain of infection from
patients, from patient to Health Care
Workers (HCWs) and vice- versa.
4. Image of cleanliness, credibility of Health
Care Workers (HCWs).
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Explanation
Explanation
The golden rules f or hand hygiene
Hand hygiene must be performed exactly
where you are delivering health care to
patients.
During health-care delivery, there are 5
moments when it is essential that you
perform hand hygiene
To clean your hands, you should prefer
handrubbing with an alcohol-based
formulation, if available. Why? Because it
is possible right at the point of care, it is
faster, and it is more effective, and better
tolerated. You should wash your hands
with soap and water only when visibly
soiled.
You must perform hand hygiene using the
appropriate technique and time duration.
Factor s For Poor Adher ence With Hand
Hygiene
Hand washing agents cause irritation and
dryness.
Sinks are inconveniently located/lack of sinks.
Lack of soap and paper towels.
Too busy/insufficient time.
Understaffing/overcrowding .
Patient needs take priority.
Low risk of acquiring infection from patient
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TEACHERACTIVITIES
CONTENTS
AUDIO-VISUAL/
TEACHINGAIDS
Illustration and
explanation
(2 minutes)
STEP-STEP 5 MOMENTS FOR HAND
HYGIENE
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TEACHERACTIVITIES
CONTENTS
AUDIO-VISUAL/
TEACHINGAIDS
Illustration and
explanation
Illustration and
explanation
To protect the patient againstharmful germs carried on your hands!
Example: Taking pulse, blood pressure, chest
auscultation, abdominal palpation.
To protect the patient against harmful germs,
including the patient¶s own, entering his/her
body!
Example: Skin lesion care, wound dressing,
subcutaneous injection preparation of
food, medication, dressing sets.
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TEACHERACTIVITIES
CONTENTS
AUDIO-VISUAL/
TEACHING
AIDS
Illustration and
explanation
Illustration and
explanation
To protect yourself and the
health-care environment from harmful germs!
Example: After glove removal, handling waste
(bandages) cleaning of contaminated and visibly
soiled material (medical instruments) .
To protect yourself and the
health-care environment from harmful germs!
Example: taking pulse, blood pressure and
helping a patient to move around.
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TEACHER
ACTIVITIESCONTENTS
AUDIO-VISUAL/
TEACHINGAIDS
Illustration and
explanation
Explanation
(
To protect yourself and the
health-care environment from harmful germs!
Example : Changing bed linen, perfusion speed
adjustment, monitoring alarm, holding a bed rail
and clearing the bedside table.
Using an Alcohol-Based Hand Rub Takes
Less Time than Hand washing
Time required for ICU nurses to go to a
sink, wash and dry their hands, and
return to patient care activities: average
= 62 seconds
Estimated time required to clean hands
with an alcohol-based hand rub available
at patient¶s bedside: average = 15
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Skill/
demonstration,
explanation and
return
demonstration by
students
3. Palm to palm fingers interlaced
4. Back of fingers to opposing palms withfinger interlocked
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Hand Rub
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Skill/
demonstration,
explanation and
return
demonstration by
students
5. Rotational rubbing of right thumb claspedIn left palm and vice versa
6. Rotational rubbing, backwards andforwards with clasped fingers of righthand in left palm and vice versa
7. Rotational rubbing of right wrist and viceversa. Rinse and dry thoroughly
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Hand Rub
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Alcohol Hand Rub Recommended Technique
1. Pouring alcohol rub in the right palm
2. From alcohol rub that is poured upper rightpalm is poured to left palm and Cup your hand and apply product. Clasp your fingersof the other hand and be sure to applyproduct under your nails and cuticles.
3. Rub your hands with your palms together with your fingers interlaced.
4. Rub your fingers with your opposing palms toensure you apply the top of your fingers.
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5. Rub your thumbs in a rotation with your palms and vice versa.
6. Rotational rubbing of right wrist and viceversa.
All student can make hand hygiene technique
properly and if incorrect need to do until
succeed. Emphasis on importance of hand
hygiene given to students if they all can perform
correctly and improved hand hygiene can
reduce infection rates, reduce healthcare
acquired infections, reduce LOS, reduce
resources and improve the quality of care.
Failure to perform appropriate hand hygiene is
considered to be the leading cause of HCAI and
spread of multi resistant organisms, and has
been recognized as a significant contributor to
outbreaks.
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