CHAPTER 17

Section 4: Expansion in Asia

Objectives:

Explain how Britain’s rule of India contributed to the growth of Indian nationalism.

Detail changes that took place in Japan under the Meiji government, and explain how Japan responded to Western imperialists.

Explain why Western nations competed for lands in East Asia, and list the lands they claimed.

The Age of Imperialism

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As Western imperialism reached into Asia and the Pacific during the

1800s, native peoples often responded with resistance and

conflict.

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British East India Company treated India like a private colony.

Great Britain ruled 3/5 of Indian subcontinent; the rest was divided into more than550 states.

British gov’t took control after1857.

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The British were active rulers in India.

• Kept order; ended local wars

• Built roads, bridges, railroads

• Built factories, hospitals, schools

• Tried to improve Indian farming methods

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… people of two very differentcultures living side by side.

The British believed in theirsuperiority (paternalism). They were treated like an “ubercaste,” and did not allow Indians in their social events, even if the Indian was royalty!

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Rise of Indian Nationalism• British system of education had a powerful impact on

the Indians.• Self-rule movement began in late 1800s

– Some wanted independence gradually– Others wanted to break all ties and sweep Western

influences away– The Indian National Congress, a democratic social party,

was founded in 1885 as a result of this new nationalism

• The British kept the country on a tight rein.

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In 1853, the American commodore Matthew Perry arrived and demanded that Japan be opened to trade. By 1856, Japan was forced to receive Western consuls and to open ports to foreign trade.

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Japanese Responses to Imperialism• Westerners did NOT

rule Japan – but Japan would be influenced.

• Japan change its gov’t and began to industrialize

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Meiji Restoration

• 1868 – group of samurai overthrewTokugawa shogunate and returned the emperor to power.

• Had grown impatient and wanted a gov’t and society more like the West.

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Important changes …

•Did away with old feudalsystem.•Required ALL should beliterate.•New constitution that gavevoting rights to more people•Imperial Diet – bicamerallegislature (House of Peers andHouse of Representatives)

Meiji Restoration

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IndustrializationThe new government imposed military reforms to modernize Japan's army and established the foundation for industrialization.

Lack of capital dictated direct government involvement in the stages of industrialization.

Japan's careful management of industrialization limited foreign involvement. Japan would depend on the importation of equipment and raw materials from the West.

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• Gov’t bought new factory equipment from Western countries.

• Sent students & leaders to the West.

• By 1900 – Japan was the first country in Asia to industrialize.

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Sino-Japanese War• China had control of

Korea – and Japan had its eye on it.

• 1894 – rebellion broke out.

• Everyone thought China would have a quick easy victory…

• WRONG!

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Japan had a modern well equipped military.

And they were prepared.

Japan defeated China in less than 10 months- (1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895)

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Treaty of Shimonoseki 1895• China was forced to give Korea its

independence.

• Japan gained control of island of Taiwan and the eastern portion of the bay of Liaodong Peninsula.

• China agrees to pay to Japan as a war indemnity the sum of 200,000,000 Kuping taels (8,267 TONS in silver , or $8.2 BILLION)!

• AND the right to trade in China.

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Expansion in Asia

Imperialism in Southeast AsiaBritish

ColoniesFrench Gains

Dutch East

IndiesBurma

east border with India

Singapore

control of vital trade route; imp. naval base

French Indochina Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam

Siam

would be a buffer between the French & British

Java, Sumatra & Borneowould become Indonesia in 1949

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American Imperialismin the PacificThe Samoa IslandsHawaiian Islands

Philippines, Guam & Wake Island

Why would the US want these little islands in the Pacific??

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Coaling stations.

More trading partners

A haven for ship-wrecked sailors

Political Cartoon

Expansion in Asia

Political Cartoon

Expansion in Asia

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14 May 1946

This cartoon shows a huge disconnect between British propaganda and reality. On 14th February, Illingsworth was busy depicting a ‘fractious’ India that would break up without the British Raj. Four days later, the 20 lakh colonial Indian armed forces, united and raised the banner of Independence. United across ranks, skin color, language, geography, religion, caste, height, weight – with only one thing uniting them. They were all Indians.

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Modern badminton was "discovered" in the 19th century by British officers in India who watched locals play a game called Poona. In England it became known as "Hit and Scream." But in 1873, at the Badminton House in Gloucestershire, the British version of the game was officially launched and henceforth known as badminton.

Chapter Wrap-Up

CHAPTER 26

1. What evidence is there that an industrialized country can control a country that is not industrialized?

2. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized because they met the transportation needs of other, more powerful countries?

3. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized for natural resources?

1. What evidence is there that an industrialized country can control a country that is not industrialized?

2. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized because they met the transportation needs of other, more powerful countries?

3. What evidence is there to show that areas were colonized for natural resources?