PronounsPronounsPronouns are the words we use to talk about people and thingLook at the table to see how wegroup pronouns.

Subject pronouns, the first group, are used to speak about the subject in the sentence. The subject is usually the most important person or thing in the sentence. It is the focus of thesentence.She gave him a present.I am giving you a gift.They give you presents on your birthday.We have a present for you.It is a gift for youYou are buying a CD Player for your sister.

Object pronouns, the second group, are used to talk about the object in the sentence. The object isthe person or thing that receives the action of the verb.She saw him.Did you buy this for me?The teacher taught her.I bought it for you.They will give you a present on your birthday.The school gave us a book.We gave them some money.

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Lesson Lesson F o r m e ?F o r m e ?77Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexivepronoun pronoun adjective pronoun pronoun

I me my mine myselfhe him his his himselfshe her her hers herselfit it its its (we don’t itself

usually use this)you you your yours yourselfwe us our ours ourselvesthey them theirs their themselves

Possessive adjectives, the third group, are used talk about who or what owns something,This is my book.His pen is on the table.Her book is red.Its name is Fluffy.What is your name?Our teacher gave us some homework.Their children like presents.

Possessive pronouns, the fourth group, are like possessive adjectives and are used talk aboutwho or who owns something, but we don’t use nouns with these pronouns.This is mine.His is on the table.That is hers.Its door is open.Where is yours?These are ours.These books are theirs.

We use possessive pronouns when we already know what we are referring to. They can be used assubjects or objects.Your book is red. Mine is blue.I saw your book, but I lost mine.

Look at these sentences.This is my book. Yours (your book) is on the table.Those are my books. Yours (your books) are on the table.

In both these sentences, we know we are talking about a book or books. We can then use the pos-sessive pronoun to talk about the books but we can use only one word. Notice that even when thepronoun ends in “s”, it can be singular or plural.

Example: I told my brother a story.I told him a story.

I wrote my parents a letter.___________________________________________________________I helped Anna with her homework.____________________________________________________________I found Billy a job.____________________________________________________________

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Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences. Use object pronouns.

I will watch the movie in the theater.____________________________________________________________I am going to take the children to school.____________________________________________________________I bought presents for my family.____________________________________________________________He is going to pick Jane and me up.____________________________________________________________Do you want to meet Rick and Julie?____________________________________________________________I saw Jacky at the supermarket.____________________________________________________________I took the money to the bank.____________________________________________________________

Example: This is my book.This is mine.

These are her CD’s.______________________________________________________________I found my bike. Did you see their bikes?______________________________________________________________This is my brother. These are your brothers.______________________________________________________________Is this his house?______________________________________________________________That isn’t my car.______________________________________________________________This is your bag. Where is his bag?______________________________________________________________I forgot my pencil. Can I borrow your pencil?______________________________________________________________Where is our classroom?______________________________________________________________Can I use your cell phone?______________________________________________________________I don’t know her number.______________________________________________________________

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Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences. Use possessive pronouns.

Reflexive pronouns, the last group, are words used to refer back to the subject of the sentence.I bought myself a new car.He went by himself.She made it herself.It opened by itself.Did you make this yourself?You must do this yourselves.We made these ourselves.They bought this themselves.

Cinderella looked at ___________ in the mirror.Her father made the mirror ___________________.He told her, “I made this __________ .”Cinderella and her father lived by ______________________.Then he met another woman and said, “We are tired of living by __________________.”She said, “We can get a house for ___________________.”Cinderella, her father, and the new wife were very happy with ___________________.

Indirect objectsIndirect objectsBefore, we talked about direct objects. Look at these sentences.We saw him.I like presents.My mother loves me.We gave a party.

In the first sentence, “him” is the direct object: We saw him.S V OWe can see the same pattern in the other sentences.

Now, let’s talk about indirect objects. Here is a sentence with two kinds of objects:I gave a present to my mother.

Now, the subject is easy: IThe verb is easy, too: gave

However, now we have two objects. In this sentence, a present is the direct object. What did I give? A present.

That leaves my mother. My mother is the indirect object.Who did I give the present to? My mother.

See how the objects are different?

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Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

Let’s try another one.I lent ten dollars to my friend.

Lend means to give for a short time. I is the subject.Lent is the verb.Ten dollars is the direct object.My friend is the indirect object.

Who lent?I lent.What did I lend?Ten dollars.Who did I lend to?My friend.

Notice that the direct object comes first, before the indirect object in these sentences.

We can also make the same sentences another way. I lent my friend ten dollars.What’s different? There is no “to” and the places changed. However, we can ask the same ques-tions and we get the same answers.

Who lent?I lent.What did I lend?Ten dollars.Who did I lend to?my friend.

So, there are two ways you can make sentences with indirect objects:S V DO to/for IOS V IO DO

Example: I / a letter / sent / my parents I sent my parents a letter.I sent a letter to my parents.

bought / him / she / a present___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

money / lent / him / they___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

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Exercise 3: Make sentences in two ways.

her / her parents / are reading / a book___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

I / coffee / us / am making___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

My mother / dinner / me / is preparing___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Phrasal VPhrasal VerbserbsPhrasal verbs are verbs that are used with a preposition. Sometime when they are used with apreposition they have a different meaning than when they are used without a preposition.switch onswitch offturn upturn downhand inhand outgive upturn overhang upget up

Phrasal verbs are special because you often can’t find them in a dictionary, and they can some-times change their meaning when we use them in different sentences or when we talk about differ-ent situations.

Hang up your coat.This means put the coat on the coat stand.

Hang up the phone.This means put the receiver down and finish the call.

Like normal verbs, we can use phrasal verbs with different tenses by changing the verb part.

He is hanging up his coat.I hung up the phone when I finished my call.

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Here are some examples of sentences with phrasal verbs. Turn up the TV please. I can’t hear it.Turn down the music. It’s loud. .The teacher handed out some books to the students.Hand in your homework to the teacher when you finish it.My friend said he will buy me a present if I give up smoking.Turn over the page to see the answer on the other side.What time do you usually get up in the morning?

Example: Can you __turn on__ the light. It’s dark in here.

The teacher gave us an exercise. She __________________ an exercise.

Let’s watch some TV. Can you _________________ the radio, please.

I quit smoking. I ________________ smoking.

The telephone is ringing. Can you _______________ the phone.

Come in. Please, _____________ your coats there.

I can’t hear. Can you ______________ the volume.

We have to _______________ our homework on Friday.

Please, _______________ your telephones in class.

Don’t forget _________________ the lights.

Children, ______________ the music. It’s too loud.

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Exercise 5: Fill in the correct phrasal verb.

ReadingReading

1). How old is Mia today?

2). Why is Mia excited?

3). Who is Mark?

4). What is Mark looking for?

5). Why is a ring a good gift?

6). What does Mia’s brother want to buy her?

7). Where has he looked for a cat?

8). What kind of cat does he want to buy her?

9). What is her sister going to buy her?

10). How many dress shops has her sister visited?

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T oday is Mia’s birthday. She is 24 years old. She is veryexcited. She knows she will get lots of presents. Her

boyfriend, Mark is looking for a ring. He wants to buy hersomething nice and expensive. She met him at a jewelry storeso Mark thinks this would be a good present. Her brother wantsto buy her a cat. He has looked at lots of cats in lots of petstores. He can’t make a decision. He wants to buy her a catthat will be a good friend. Her sister is going to buy her a newdress. She has been to three dress shops. She will buy her ablue, striped dress.

Read the story and answer the questions.

ANSWER KEY Lesson 7

Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences. Use object pronouns.

I wrote my parents a letter.I wrote them a letter.I helped Anna with her homework.I helped her with her homework.I found Billy a job.I found him a job.I will watch the movie in the theater.I will watch it in the theater.I am going to take the children to school.I am going to take them to school.I bought presents for my family.I bought them for my parents.He is going to pick Jane and me up.He is going to pick us up.Do you want to meet Rick and Julie?Do you want to meet them?I saw Jacky at the supermarket.I saw her at the supermarket.I took the money to the bank.I took it to the bank.

Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences. Use possessive pronouns.

These are her CD’s.These are hers.I found my bike. Did you see their bikes?I found mine. Did you see theirs?This is my brother. These are your brothers.This is mine. These are yours.Is this his house?Is this his?That isn’t my car.This isn’t mine.This is your bag. Where is his bag?This is yours. Where is his?I forgot my pencil. Can I borrow your pencil?I forgot mine. Can I borrow yours?

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Where is our classroom?Where is ours?Can I use your cell phone?Can I use yours?I don’t know her number.I don’t know hers.Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.

Cinderella looked at herself in the mirror.Her father made the mirror himself.He told her, “I made this myself.”Cinderella and her father lived by themselves.Then he met another woman and said, “We are tired of living by ourselves.”She said, “We can get a house for ourselves.”Cinderella, her father, and the new wife were very happy with themselves.

Exercise 4: Make sentences in two ways.

Example: I / a letter / sent / my parents I sent my parents a letter.I sent a letter to my parents.

Bought / him / she / a presentShe bought him a present.She bought a present for him.

money / lent / him / theyThey lent him money.They lent money to him.

her / her parents / are reading / a bookHer parents are reading her a book.Her parents are reading a book to her.

I / coffee / us / am makingI am making us coffee.I am making coffee for us.

My mother / dinner / me / is preparingMy mother is preparing me dinner.My mother is preparing dinner for me.

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Exercise 5: Fill in the correct phrasal verb.

The teacher gave us an exercise. She handed out an exercise.Let’s watch some TV. Can you turn off/ switch off the radio, please.I quit smoking. I gave up smoking.The telephone is ringing. Can you pick up the phone.Come in. Please, hang up your coats there.I can’t hear. Can you turn up the volume.We have to hand in our homework on Friday.Please, switch off/ turn off your telephones in class.Don’t forget turn off/ switch off the lights.Children, turn down the music. It’s too loud.

ReadingReading1). How old is Mia today?

Mia is 24 years old today.2). Why is Mia excited?

She knows she will get lots of presents.

3). Who is Mark?Mark is her boyfriend.

4). What is Mark looking for?He is looking for a ring.

5). Why is a ring a good gift?It is a good gift because he met Mia in a jewellery store.

6). What does Mia’s brother want to buy her?He wants to buy her a cat.

7). Where has he looked for a cat?He has looked for a cat in lots of pet stores.

8). What kind of cat does he want to buy her?He wants to buy her a cat that will be a good friend.

9). What is her sister going to buy her?Her sister is going to buy her a dress.

10). How many dress shops has her sister visited?She has visited three dress shops.

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vocabulary listvocabulary listNOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS PREPOSITIONSgraduation continue surprised almost aboutreport decrease pleased exactly atpostcard find out only by

get up forgive up onhand in tohand outhang up CONJUNCTIONS SUBJECT PRONOUNSinclude and Iincrease because youlend but hepass so that sheswitch off itswitch on weturn down youturn over theyturn up

OBJECT PRONOUNS REFLEXIVE PRONOUNSme myselfyou yourselfhim himselfher herselfit ourselvesus yourselfyou themselvesthem

QUESTION WORDShowwhatwherewhichwho