lesson five lesson five pattern drills pattern drills

Lesson FiveLesson Five Lesson FiveLesson Five

Pattern DrillsPattern Drills Pattern DrillsPattern Drills

Pattern DrillsPattern Drills

catch on: to understand sth, or realize sth.catch on: to understand sth, or realize sth.

catch up on: spend time doingcatch up on: spend time doing

Wait a minute. I am beginning to Wait a minute. I am beginning to catch oncatch on. . He got what he could out of me before I He got what he could out of me before I caught on caught on toto the kind of person he was. the kind of person he was.We stopped and waited for her to We stopped and waited for her to catch up withcatch up with me.me.During evenings, the school is used by kids who During evenings, the school is used by kids who want to want to catch up oncatch up on English. English.The law The law caught up withcaught up with him yesterday. him yesterday.


Knock off: reduce; remove; steal; killKnock off: reduce; remove; steal; kill

• He has He has knockedknocked 10 seconds 10 seconds offoff the world record. the world record.• When pressed, they When pressed, they knock offknock off 15 percent. 15 percent.• The rules have The rules have knockedknocked many people many people offoff the the employment register.employment register.• Cars can be stolen almost as easily as Cars can be stolen almost as easily as knocking knocking offoff a bike. a bike.• People don’t just People don’t just knockknock one another one another offoff like this like this unless there’s big money at stake (unless there’s big money at stake ( 存亡攸关存亡攸关 ).).


Knock down / knock over: hit; demolishKnock down / knock over: hit; demolish

A drunk driver A drunk driver knocked downknocked down and killed two girls. and killed two girls.Why did he just Why did he just knock the wall downknock the wall down??They have They have knocked downknocked down the old house and the old house and planned to build a new one. planned to build a new one.

• 在被车撞伤以后，他在医院去世了。在被车撞伤以后，他在医院去世了。

He died in a hospital after being knocked He died in a hospital after being knocked down by a car.down by a car.

Text LearningText Learning

Text A I Can Work Like Any GuyText A I Can Work Like Any Guy


Text-related InformationText-related Information

• US Educational SystemUS Educational System

• Facts About Pay Equity (Facts About Pay Equity ( 公平公平 ))


How many stages do we have in Chinese How many stages do we have in Chinese

educational system ? How many years educational system ? How many years

does each last?does each last?


US Educational SystemUS Educational System

Primary school Primary school Secondary school Secondary school Undergraduate school Undergraduate school Graduate school Graduate school


Primary schoolPrimary school American children start school at the age of five American children start school at the age of five

years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. years. The first year at school is called kindergarten. It is required that all American children be enrolled It is required that all American children be enrolled in the American education system. The second year in the American education system. The second year at school is considered the first year of primary at school is considered the first year of primary school and is referred to as first grade. In America, school and is referred to as first grade. In America, the word grade has two meanings: (1) the score the word grade has two meanings: (1) the score achieved on an exam or in a course, and (2) a year achieved on an exam or in a course, and (2) a year of education in primary or secondary school. of education in primary or secondary school. Primary school most commonly consists of five Primary school most commonly consists of five years of education, referred to as first through fifth years of education, referred to as first through fifth grades. grades.


Secondary schoolSecondary school Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary school), American children enrolled in the American school), American children enrolled in the American education system advance to secondary school. education system advance to secondary school. Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are most grades. The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion commonly referred to as high school. Upon completion of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a of twelfth grade, American students are awarded a certificate called the high school diploma. In the certificate called the high school diploma. In the American education system, students must have American education system, students must have obtained a high school diploma before they are obtained a high school diploma before they are admitted into college or university. admitted into college or university.


Secondary schoolSecondary school Foreign students who would like to attend an American Foreign students who would like to attend an American college or university must have completed coursework college or university must have completed coursework that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high that is equivalent to what is taught at an American high school. Foreign students who would like to attend an school. Foreign students who would like to attend an American high school, need to consider how the high American high school, need to consider how the high school they select will give them access to the best school they select will give them access to the best colleges. You can also learn about some of the finest colleges. You can also learn about some of the finest girls boarding schools and boys boarding schools in girls boarding schools and boys boarding schools in the American education system.the American education system.


Undergraduate schoolUndergraduate school Students who have completed high school and would Students who have completed high school and would like to attend college or university must attend what is like to attend college or university must attend what is referred to as an undergraduate school. These are referred to as an undergraduate school. These are schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a associate degree) or a four-year degree (called a bachelors degree) in a specific course of study. That bachelors degree) in a specific course of study. That course of study is called the major. course of study is called the major. WhileWhile most schools most schools that offer a four-year degree will admit students who that offer a four-year degree will admit students who have not yet chosen a major, all students are required have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to select (or declare) a major by their second year at to select (or declare) a major by their second year at school. Students who complete an associate degree school. Students who complete an associate degree can continue their education at a four-year school and can continue their education at a four-year school and eventually complete a bachelor degree.eventually complete a bachelor degree.


Graduate school Graduate school Students who have obtained a bachelor’s degree can Students who have obtained a bachelor’s degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees. The first is a master’s degree. This is of degrees. The first is a master’s degree. This is usually a two-year degree that is usually a two-year degree that is highly specializedhighly specialized in a in a specific field. Students are sometimes specific field. Students are sometimes admitted toadmitted to a a master’s degree program only if they have a bachelor’s master’s degree program only if they have a bachelor’s degree in a closely related field. However, there are degree in a closely related field. However, there are many exceptions to this, such as with students who many exceptions to this, such as with students who want to pursue a Master’s in Business Administration want to pursue a Master’s in Business Administration (MBA) degree. (MBA) degree.


Students who want to Students who want to advanceadvance their education even their education even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate degree, also called a PhD. A PhD degree can take between three also called a PhD. A PhD degree can take between three and six years to complete, depending on the course of and six years to complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis study chosen, the ability of the student, and the thesis that the student has selected. The thesis is a very that the student has selected. The thesis is a very intensive research paper that must be completed intensive research paper that must be completed prior prior toto earning the degree. It is always required of students earning the degree. It is always required of students pursuing a PhD, and may sometimes be required of pursuing a PhD, and may sometimes be required of students pursuing a master’s degree (depending on the students pursuing a master’s degree (depending on the school). school). Certain courses of study are only available at the Certain courses of study are only available at the graduate school level in America. The most notable of graduate school level in America. The most notable of these are law, dentistry, and medicine. Students who these are law, dentistry, and medicine. Students who want to pursue a degree in one of these fields must first want to pursue a degree in one of these fields must first obtain a bachelor’s degree.obtain a bachelor’s degree.

QuestionsQuestions

1.1. Can women do the same jobs as men?”Can women do the same jobs as men?”

2.2. Do men and women enjoy equal rights in China? Do men and women enjoy equal rights in China?

Examples.Examples.

3.3. If you were a boss and you had two candidates, a If you were a boss and you had two candidates, a

man and a woman, with almost the same qualities, man and a woman, with almost the same qualities,

which would you prefer? Why?which would you prefer? Why?


Facts about pay equity Facts about pay equity In 2005, women's median annual earnings wIn 2005, women's median annual earnings w

ere only $.77 for every $1.00 earned by men. ere only $.77 for every $1.00 earned by men. For women of color, the gap is even worse – For women of color, the gap is even worse – only $.71 for African American women and $.only $.71 for African American women and $.58 for Latinas.58 for Latinas.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity The General Accounting Office compiled data from The General Accounting Office compiled data from

the Current Population Survey regarding the ten indthe Current Population Survey regarding the ten industries that employ 71 percent of U.S. women workustries that employ 71 percent of U.S. women workers and 73 percent of U.S. women managers. In severs and 73 percent of U.S. women managers. In seven of the ten industries examined, the pay gap betwen of the ten industries examined, the pay gap between full-time male and female managers widened beeen full-time male and female managers widened between 1995 and 2000.tween 1995 and 2000.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity If women received the same wages as men who work If women received the same wages as men who work

the same number of hours, have the same education the same number of hours, have the same education and union status, are the same age, and live in the saand union status, are the same age, and live in the same region of the country, then these women's annual me region of the country, then these women's annual income would rise by $4,000 and poverty rates would income would rise by $4,000 and poverty rates would be cut in half. Working families would gain an astounbe cut in half. Working families would gain an astounding $200 billion in family income annually. ding $200 billion in family income annually.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity Pay equity in female-dominated jobs (jobs in which Pay equity in female-dominated jobs (jobs in which

women comprise 70 percent or more of the workforwomen comprise 70 percent or more of the workforce) would increase wages for women by approximatce) would increase wages for women by approximately 18 percent.ely 18 percent.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity Fifty-five percent of all women work in female-domiFifty-five percent of all women work in female-domi

nated jobs (jobs in which women comprise 70 percnated jobs (jobs in which women comprise 70 percent or more of the workforce) whereas only 8.5 perent or more of the workforce) whereas only 8.5 percent of all men work in these occupations. Howcent of all men work in these occupations. However, the men working in female-dominated jobs stiever, the men working in female-dominated jobs still receive about 20 percent more than women who ll receive about 20 percent more than women who work in female-dominated jobs. work in female-dominated jobs.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity Women are paid less in every occupational classiWomen are paid less in every occupational classi

fication for which sufficient information is availabfication for which sufficient information is available, according to the data analysis in over 300 job le, according to the data analysis in over 300 job classifications provided by the U.S. Department oclassifications provided by the U.S. Department of Labor Statistics. f Labor Statistics.


Facts about pay equityFacts about pay equity In 1963, the year of the Equal Pay Act's passage, fuIn 1963, the year of the Equal Pay Act's passage, fu

ll-time working women were paid 59 cents on averall-time working women were paid 59 cents on average to the dollar received by men, while in 2005 woge to the dollar received by men, while in 2005 women were paid 77 cents for every dollar received bmen were paid 77 cents for every dollar received by men. In other words, for the last 42 years, the way men. In other words, for the last 42 years, the wage gap has only narrowed by less than half of a pege gap has only narrowed by less than half of a penny per year. nny per year.

I used to drive in my mother’s Cortina.I used to drive in my mother’s Cortina.

Some Some makesmakes of cars: of cars: Buick, Fiat, Toyota, Honda, Mercedes Bens, Rolls Buick, Fiat, Toyota, Honda, Mercedes Bens, Rolls Royce and CadillacRoyce and Cadillac, etc. Often the brand of a , etc. Often the brand of a person’s car is a indication of his social status for person’s car is a indication of his social status for some are very expensive cars only the wealthy some are very expensive cars only the wealthy can afford.can afford.

Bens Bens Rolls-royceRolls-royce

Honda Honda Buick Buick

ParaphraseParaphrase

I got to the stage where I was reading car magazines I got to the stage where I was reading car magazines

every night instead of watching TV.every night instead of watching TV.

I was so involved in cars that I read car magazines every night… / I was very much absorbed in cars that I didn’t watch TV. every night but read car magazines.

He is only joking, but it He is only joking, but it started me me

thinking…thinking…

The smoke started him coughing.The smoke started him coughing.

他的话引起我认真思考。他的话引起我认真思考。

What he said started me thinking seriously.What he said started me thinking seriously.

Word StudyWord Study Word StudyWord Study

aptitudeHe has a natural aptitude for teaching.A trainee with normal aptitude can learn these techniques in a few months.All applicants are given aptitude tests before being invited for interview.At an early age Susan showed an aptitude for languages.

CapableI don't think he's capable of murder.The company isn't capable of handling an order that large.I'm perfectly capable of looking after myself, thank you!All the staff at the nursing home seemed very capable.Rebecca was, without question, the most capable technician on the team.

ConvinceHer arguments didn't convince everyone, but changes were made.Baker had to convince jurors that his client had been nowhere near the scene of the murder.The officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the nuclear reactors.I've been trying to convince Jean to come with me.

HalfwayHe chased Kevin halfway up the stairs.It was a terrible film - I left halfway through.They've just reached the halfway stage of the project.Establish the right relationships at work and you're halfway there.We're still only halfway to finishing the job.

limpMoreno limped off the field with a foot injury.She limped painfully over to a chair and sat down.His body suddenly went limp and he fell down on the floor. (adj. not firm or strong)Young walked with slight limp. (n. the way someone walks when they are limping)

rack one’s brainsI racked my brains, trying to remember his name.He had to rack his brains to solve that complicated problem.

prettyI'm pretty sure he'll say yes.She still looks pretty miserable.Dinner at Luigi's sounds pretty good to me.What a pretty little garden!Maria looks much prettier with her hair cut short.

StageThey've just reached the halfway stage of the project.It's a good move at this stage in his career.We're getting to the stage where we hardly ever go out together.All children go through an awkward stage at some time.

wasteLeaving the heating on all the time wastes electricity.His talents were being wasted as a lawyer.Bill wastes all his money on beer and cigarettes.Don't leave the light on - you're wasting electricity.

trembleHis lip started to tremble and then he started to cry.Greene was on his feet now, his body trembling with rage.The whole house trembled as the train went by.

The passives forms of verbsmake/makes is/am/are mademade was/were madeshall/will make shall/will be madeshould/would make should/would be madeis/am/are making is/am/are being madewas/were making was/were being madeshall/will be making shall/will be madeshould/would be making should/would be madehas/have made has/have been madehad made had been madeshall/will have made shall/will have been madeshould/would have made should/would have been madehas/have been making has/have been madehad been making had been madeshall/will have been making shall/will have been madeshould/would have been making should/would have been made

Compound or Double Predicative He flushed crimson with anger. The cloth is wearing thin. The whole area has lain waste for many years. Last week two prisoners broke free. It didn’t ring true. All the time she sat silent in the corner. She suffered a great deal in her life, but died a rich woman. They parted the best of friends. She left a child and came back a mother of three children. The day dawned misty and overcast.

Shelter: Shelter: n.n. a place which can protect you from a place which can protect you from

bad weather or danger; a place where bad weather or danger; a place where

homeless people can sleep and get foodhomeless people can sleep and get food

Although horses do not generally mind th cAlthough horses do not generally mind th c

old, shelter from rain and wind is important.old, shelter from rain and wind is important.

a bus sheltera bus shelter

a shelter for the homelessa shelter for the homeless

Shelter: Shelter: v.v. Stay and escape from the danger Stay and escape from the danger

or bad weatheror bad weather

Twelve people left the embassy after Twelve people left the embassy after

sheltering there for several days.sheltering there for several days.

邻居藏了邻居藏了 77 天这个男孩。天这个男孩。

The neighbor sheltered the boy for seven days.The neighbor sheltered the boy for seven days.

convince: cause to believe or feel certainconvince: cause to believe or feel certain

Although I convinced him of my innocence, I think he still has serious doubts about me.

The waste disposal industry finds it difficult The waste disposal industry finds it difficult to convince the public that its operations are to convince the public that its operations are safe.safe.

1. I was sleeping soundly when I was suddenly 1. I was sleeping soundly when I was suddenly awakened by a loud noise.awakened by a loud noise.

2. Their ship ran onto a rock and tore a gaping 2. Their ship ran onto a rock and tore a gaping hole in her side when she was making for hole in her side when she was making for American.American.

Translation Exercises, p99Translation Exercises, p99

3. I spoke to him several times, but he was 3. I spoke to him several times, but he was always reading and did not hear a single always reading and did not hear a single word I said.word I said.

4. As I was running to the station, I met Li Ming. 4. As I was running to the station, I met Li Ming. He was cycling home.He was cycling home.

5. He was working in the laboratory when I saw 5. He was working in the laboratory when I saw him last time.him last time.


6. As soon as we received his gifts, we wrote a 6. As soon as we received his gifts, we wrote a note of thanks.note of thanks.

7. She cut her finger while she was preparing 7. She cut her finger while she was preparing dinner.dinner.

8. –What were you doing last night?8. –What were you doing last night? -- I was reading A Tale of Two Cities by -- I was reading A Tale of Two Cities by

Dickens.Dickens. 9. – You didn’t come last night. What were you 9. – You didn’t come last night. What were you

doing?doing? -- I was writing a composition.-- I was writing a composition.10. – Why didn’t W. Y. go to the volley-ball matc10. – Why didn’t W. Y. go to the volley-ball matc

h at the Capital Gymnasium yesterday eveninh at the Capital Gymnasium yesterday evening?g?

-- She was taking care of Zhang Lan. Zhang -- She was taking care of Zhang Lan. Zhang

Lan was having a fever.Lan was having a fever.

The famous pianist, Paderewski, was once waThe famous pianist, Paderewski, was once walking along the street in a small town. He came ulking along the street in a small town. He came upon a house on which hung the folling:pon a house on which hung the folling:

Miss Jones– Piano Lessons, $ 2 a weekMiss Jones– Piano Lessons, $ 2 a week


Inside, someone was playing one of Chopin’s Inside, someone was playing one of Chopin’s nciturnes. Paderewski stopped and listened. The nciturnes. Paderewski stopped and listened. The playing, however, was very bad. In fact, it was so playing, however, was very bad. In fact, it was so bad that Paderessli felt it was an insult to the mebad that Paderessli felt it was an insult to the memory of Chopin. Finally, he walded up to the doomory of Chopin. Finally, he walded up to the door and knocked. When Miss Jones herself answerr and knocked. When Miss Jones herself answered the door, Paderewski introduced himself and ed the door, Paderewski introduced himself and explained to her that he listened to her play.explained to her that he listened to her play.


He also said that, if she wished him to do so, hHe also said that, if she wished him to do so, hw would gladly play the nocturne for her in the ww would gladly play the nocturne for her in the way that a pianist should play it. Miss Jones was vay that a pianist should play it. Miss Jones was very happy to hear this and invited Paderewski in. ery happy to hear this and invited Paderewski in. Paderewski entered and for half an hour played sPaderewski entered and for half an hour played several of Chopin’s pieces.everal of Chopin’s pieces.


About a year later, Paderewki was in the same About a year later, Paderewki was in the same town again and was walking along the same stretown again and was walking along the same street. In the distance, he could hear a Chopin’s coctet. In the distance, he could hear a Chopin’s cocturne being badly played. When he came to the saurne being badly played. When he came to the same house again, he now saw a new sign hanging me house again, he now saw a new sign hanging outside:outside:

Miss Jones (Pupil of Paderewski )– Piano LesMiss Jones (Pupil of Paderewski )– Piano Lessons, $ 5 a weeksons, $ 5 a week


Material for DictationMaterial for Dictation

It is a fact that women live longer It is a fact that women live longer

than men. That difference was not so than men. That difference was not so

obvious a long time ago, because obvious a long time ago, because

everyone died at an early age, Now, everyone died at an early age, Now,

however, an average Chinese male is however, an average Chinese male is

expected to live 71 years; the life expected to live 71 years; the life

expectancy of Chinese people is 75 expectancy of Chinese people is 75

years. The reasons for the difference years. The reasons for the difference

are very complex, and scientists can are very complex, and scientists can

only understand some of them.only understand some of them.

Disease is chiefly responsible for the Disease is chiefly responsible for the

difference in life expectancy. At present, difference in life expectancy. At present,

heart disease is the main cause of death heart disease is the main cause of death

for men after 40. Doctors have realized for men after 40. Doctors have realized

that differences in life style and personal that differences in life style and personal

habits between men and women are a habits between men and women are a

factor in heart disease. factor in heart disease.

Over the past few decades, men have Over the past few decades, men have

had poorer diets, have gotten less had poorer diets, have gotten less

exercise and have smoked much more exercise and have smoked much more

than women. Now studies are also than women. Now studies are also

beginning to show that the female sex beginning to show that the female sex

hormones help to protect women from hormones help to protect women from

heart disease. More studies are needed to heart disease. More studies are needed to

actually tell scientists how these actually tell scientists how these

hormones provide their protection.hormones provide their protection.

Assignment Assignment 1.1. Review Text AReview Text A2.2. Phonetics PracticePhonetics Practice3.3. Grammar ExercisesGrammar Exercises

lesson five lesson five pattern drills pattern drills

Documents

american high school

year of primary school

high school diploma

american students

american college

year of education

years of education

chinese educational