lesson 94: agriculture 20-25...

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レアジョブ英会話オフィシャル教材

TOEIC Intermediate/Advanced Reviewer – Basics (Vocabulary and Grammar)

Today, you will:

1. Learn useful vocabulary related to AGRICULTURE.

2. Review Passive Voice.

Main Topic 17: Industries

Lesson 94: Agriculture (20-25 minutes)

I. VOCABULARY

Exercise 1: What’s the meaning? (5-6 minutes)

Choose the meaning of the underlined words from the choices that follow. Then practice using

the words in your own sentences.

1. Plants are domesticated（栽培化／家畜化する）to provide a steady source of food.

a. grained

b. planted

c. cultivated

d. reproduced

2. Some scientists tried to graft（接合する）a mango tree branch onto an apple tree to

develop a new variety of fruit.

a. crop

b. restore

c. sustain

d. implant

3. Wild animals forage（【食料を】あさる／略奪する）for food in the woods.

a. live

b. raise

c. hunt

d. settle


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4. A lot of the people living in rural（地方の）areas plant crops because they are close to

nature.

a. city

b. exotic

c. modern

d. country

5. The process of senescence（老化）helps botanists know how old is a plant.

a. aging

b. feeding

c. nourishing

d. transplanting

Exercise 2: What’s the word? (5-7 minutes)

Read the following dialog with your tutor and try to use context clues to fill in the blanks with

the most appropriate word. You can find the missing word from the pool of words at the

bottom.

A farm owner visits an irrigation contractor to discuss how to improve the water system in his

farm.

Mr. Brown: Good morning, sir. I’m Mr. Steve Brown. Please have a seat. How may I help you?

Mr. Williams: Thank you. I came here to discuss the details on how to improve the (1)

______________ system in my farm. I was wondering if you could help me transport water to

my farm.

Mr. Brown: I see. May I know the nature and size of your farm?

Mr. Williams: I have three hectares of land which solely depends on rainfall and manual

irrigation. It is quite a burden during dry season because of low water supply. I need to use a

better system to properly (2) ____________ vegetables.

Mr. Brown: Do you also take care of farm animals to help you (3) ____________ your land?

Mr. Williams: Yes, I have different kinds of (4) _______________ in my farm like cows and

buffalos.


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Choices:

a. cattle（畜牛） b. plough（耕す） c. irrigation（灌漑）

d. farmer（農家） e. cultivate（栽培する） f. fertilizer（化学肥料）

II. GRAMMAR REVIEW:

Topic: Passive voice (5-6 minutes)

（受動態） Passive voice is used when the receiver of the action becomes the subject in a sentence. 動作の受け手が文章の主語になるとき、受動態を用います。

A passive sentence is formed using the following pattern: 受動態の構文は次のとおりです。

Receiver of Action + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) + Doer of Action

動作の受け手＋助動詞（be 動詞）＋主動詞（過去分詞）＋動作の行為者

Active Voice（能動態） Passive Voice（受動態）

The farmers harvested the crops.

農家は作物を収穫した。

The crops were harvested by the farmers.

作物は農家によって収穫された。

In active voice, the doer of the action in the sentence is mentioned before the receiver of the action. In the passive voice, the receiver of the action is mentioned first and the doer of the action comes after. 能動態では、文中における動作の行為者は動作の受け手の前に言及されますが、受動態では、動作の受け手が動作の

行為者より先に言及されます。

In the example above, “the crops” is the receiver of the action and “the farmers” is the doer of the action. 上記の例では、「作物」が動作の受け手で、「農家」が動作の行為者です。

Mr. Brown: It's good that you also take care of animals. They can provide you with a special

kind of (5) _____________ for your crops. And what kind of plants do you grow in your farm?

Mr. Williams: I grow corn, rice and wheat. However, in summer, my farm's water system is not

suitable for my cattle and crops.

Mr. Brown: Well then, I need to visit your farm so that I can make the right system that you

need.


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Remember: The main verb should always be in its past participle form even if the auxiliary verb be is in a different tense. 注意：助動詞（be 動詞）と時制が異なる場合も、主動詞はいつも過去分詞形です。

Examples:（例文）

Tenses 時制

Subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) 構文：主語＋助動詞（be 動詞）＋主動詞（過去分詞形）

Present Simple 現在形

Corns are harvested in June. とうもろこしは 6月に収穫される。

Present Continuous 現在進行形

Water is being conserved by farmers. 水は農家によって保全されている。

Past Simple 過去形

Fertilizers were used in farmlands. 化学肥料は農地で使用された。

Past Continuous 過去進行形

The irrigation system was being dried up when El Niño came.灌漑システムはエルニーニョが到来した時に干あがっていた。

Present Perfect 現在完了形

Over 100 hectares of land have been cultivated. 100 ヘクタール以上の土地が耕作されている。

Future Simple 未来形

Harvesting activities will be finished tomorrow. 収穫作業は明日終えられているでしょう。

Comprehension Check:

Describe a farm activity in a sentence using a farm animal as the doer of the action. Then, use it

in a passive voice.

Exercise 1: Incomplete Sentences (5-6 minutes)

Choose the word or phrase that would best complete the following sentences.

1. The use of artificial fertilizers was being ____________ in the Philippine rice fields.

a. reduce

b. reduces

c. reduced

d. reducing


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2. Different varieties of rice were _____________ in that farm.

a. plant

b. plants

c. planted

d. planting

3. Japanese corn _______________ in the northern regions for several years now.

a. has cultivated

b. have cultivated

c. has been cultivated

d. have been cultivated

4. The irrigation system _______________ next month.

a. expanded

b. was expanded

c. has expanded

d. will be expanded

5. Since last year, farms ________________ mainly to produce food.

a. is being reserved

b. have been reserved

c. has being reserved

d. have being reserved

lesson 94: agriculture 20-25...

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