lesson 4 - parts of computer

8/12/2019 Lesson 4 - Parts of Computer

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INTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTERS

Parts of the Computer System


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Parts of the Computer System1B-

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Computer systems have four parts

Hardware

Software

Data

User (Peopleware)


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1. Hardware

Mechanical devices in the computer

Anything that can be touched

2. Software

Tell the computer what to do

Also called a program


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Data

Pieces of information stored in computers

Computer organize and present data

Users (Peopleware)

People operating the computer

Most important part of computer systems

Tell the computer what to do


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Information Processing Cycle1B-

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Steps followed to process data

Input

ProcessingOutput

Storage


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Computer Hardware1B-

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MONITOR

A computer monitor is anelectronic device that showspictures. Monitors often look

similar to televisions. The maindifference between a monitorand a television is thata monitor does not have a

television tuner to changechannels. Monitors often havehigher display resolution thantelevisions.


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KEYBOARD

A computer keyboard is animportant device that allows aperson to enter symbols like

letters and numbers intoa computer. It is the maininput device for mostcomputers. There are different

types of keyboards. The mostpopular type is the QWERTYdesign, which is based ontypewriter keyboards.


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MOUSE

A computer mouse is an inputdevice that is most often used

with a personal computer.Moving a mouse along a flatsurface can move the on-screencursor to different items on the

screen. Items can be moved orselected by pressing the mousebuttons (called clicking).


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PRINTER

A printerisan externalhardwaredevice

responsible for taking computerdata and generating a hardcopyof that data. Printers areone of the most used peripherals

on computers and are commonlyused to print text, images, andphotos.
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COMPUTER CASE

A computer case alsoknown as a "computer

chassis", "tower", "systemunit", "base unit" or simply"case" and sometimesincorrectly referred to as the

"CPU" or "hard drive", is theenclosure that contains mostof the components ofa computer.


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Inside Computer Case1B-

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POWER SUPPLYA power supply unit (PSU)converts mains AC to low-voltage regulated DC power for

the internal components ofa computer. Modern personalcomputers universally use aswitched-mode power supply.Some powersupplies have amanual selector for inputvoltage, while othersautomatically adapt tothe supply voltage.


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VIDEO CARD

The video card is anexpansion card that allows

the computer to sendgraphical information to avideo display device such

as a monitor, TV, orprojector.


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SOUND CARDAn expansion board thatenables a computer tomanipulate and output sounds.Sound cards are necessary for

nearly all CD-ROMs and havebecome commonplace onmodern personal computers.Sound cards enable thecomputer to output sound

through speakers connected tothe board, to record sound inputfrom a microphone connected tothe computer, and manipulatesound stored on a disk.


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LAN CARDA network card (alsocalled a Network Adapteror Network Interface

Card, or NIC for short)acts as the interfacebetween a computer anda network cable. The

purpose of the networkcard is to prepare, send,and control data on thenetwork.


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MOTHERBOARDA motherboard(sometimes alternatively knownas the mainboard,

system board, planarboard or logic board, orcolloquially, a mobo) isthe main printed circuit

board (PCB) found incomputers and otherexpandable systems.


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Computer Hardware (STORAGE DEVICES)1B-

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CPU (brain/brain of computer)Central Processing Unit(CPU) (formerly alsoreferred to as a central

processor unit ) is thehardware withina computer that carriesout the instructions ofa computer program byperforming the basicarithmetical, logical, andinput/output operations ofthe system.


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Computer Hardware (STORAGE DEVICES)1B-

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CD/DVD DRIVE


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MEMORYThe computer memory isa temporary storage area. Itholds the data and

instructions that the CentralProcessing Unit (CPU)needs. Before a program canbe run, the program is

loaded from some storagemedium into the memory.This allows the CPU directaccess to the program.


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RAMRandom Accessmemory (RAM) is aform of computer data

storage. A random-access memory deviceallows data items to beread and written inroughly the same

amount of timeregardless of the orderin which data items areaccessed.


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ROMRead-only memory (ROM)is a type of storagemedium that permanentlystores data on personalcomputers (PCs) and otherelectronic devices. BecauseROM is read-only, itcannot be changed; it ispermanent and non-volatile, meaning it willalso hold its memory evenwhen power is removed.By contrast, randomaccess memory (RAM) isvolatile; it is lost whenpower is removed.


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HARD DISKHard Disk Drive

(HDD) is a datastorage device used

for storing andretrieving digitalinformation usingrapidly rotating disks(platters) coated withmagnetic material. AnHDD retains its dataeven when poweredoff.


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Computer Software1B-

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Essential Computer Hardware1B-

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Input and output devices Allows the user to interact

Input devices accept data

Keyboard, mouse

Output devices deliver data

Monitor, printer, speaker

Some devices are input and output

Touch screens


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Essential Computer Hardware1B-

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Storage devices

Hold data and programs permanently

Different from RAM

External Hard DriveUSB Flash Drive

Uses a magnet to access data

Optical storage

CD and DVD drivesUses a laser to access data


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Software Runs The Machine1B-

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Tells the computer what to do

Reason people purchase computers

Two types

System software Application software


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System software Most important software

Operating system

Windows 8

Network operating system (OS)

Windows Server 2003

Utility

Avast Antivirus, Clean Master,


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Application software Accomplishes a specific task

Most common type of software

MS Word

MS Excel

MS PowerPoint

Covers most common uses of computers


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Computer data1B-

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Fact with no meaning on its own

Stored using the binary number system

Data can be organized into files


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Computer users1B-

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Role depends on ability Setup the system

Install software

Mange files

Maintain the system

Userless computers Run with no user input

Automated systems


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INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS ,

PETER NORTONMCGRAW-HILL.

WWW.MHHE.COM/PETERNORTON

Reference Book:

lesson 4 - parts of computer

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