lesson 38 afghan manufacturing - jlu.wbtrain.com basic courses/dari... · lesson 38...

Lesson 38 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari

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LESSON 38 Afghan Manufacturing

• Vocabulary: Related to weaving, embroidery, manufacturing of

footwear and hats; workers and craftspeople • Grammar: Adverbs of manner; review of nouns with /ee/ • Functions: Shop for Afghan handicrafts. • Skills: Discuss aspects of production. Develop a cultural awareness of

some traditional production methods. • Situations: A foreigner asks about hand-woven rugs; a small-time

manufacturer is selling machine made footwear.

Grammar Notes

More on description of manner Along with adverbs, prepositional phrases can also act as adverbs of manner in Dari. In Lesson 17, we presented the Dari equivalents for a number of English adverbs. These prepositional phrases were formed by combining prepositions with nouns. The prepositions are mainly به ‘to’ or با ‘with’ combined with simple nouns or nouns derived from adjectives. Let’s examine more closely how manner is described using prepositional phrases in Dari:

1. Using the preposition به ‘to’ (or با ‘with’ in some cases) with a noun derived from an adjective (by addition of the syllable /ee/.) Examples:

Adjective Noun derived from adjective Description of manner ’well‘ به خوبی ’goodness‘ خوبی ’good‘ خوب ’slowly‘ به آهستگی ’slowness‘ آهستگی ’slow‘ آهسته ’warmly‘ به گرمی ’warmth‘ گرمی ’warm‘ گرم ’happily‘ با خوشحالی ’happiness‘ خوشحالی ’happy‘ خوشحال

2. Using the preposition با ‘with’ (or به ‘to’ in some cases) with a simple noun. Examples:

Simple noun Description of manner ’skillfully‘ با مهارت ’skill‘ مهارت ’angrily‘ با خشم ’anger‘ خشم ’excitedly‘ با هيجان ’excitement‘ هيجان ’quickly/fast‘ به سرعت ’speed/fastness‘ سرعت

DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Lesson 38

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Look at an example from this lesson. Can you tell which of the two formulas, 1 or 2, was used?

.ا بسياربامهارت توليد ميکنندقالينباف ها درميمنه وهرات قالين های نفيس ورنگين ر ‘Carpet weavers in Maimana and Herat produce delicate and colorful carpets very skillfully.’

Nouns made from other nouns by addition of the syllable /ee/ As discussed in Lesson 23, some Dari nouns are derived from others by receiving the suffix /ee/, represented by the letter ی [yaa] in writing: Original nouns New nouns made with /ee/ ’carpet weaving‘ قالينبافی ’carpet weaver‘ قالينباف ’shawl weaving‘ شالبافی ’shawl weaver‘ شالباف ’shoemaking‘ بوتدوزی ’shoemaker‘ بوتدوز ’cap making / hatmaking‘ کالهدوزی ’cap maker / hat maker‘ کالهدوز ’embroidery‘ گلدوزی ’embroiderer‘ گلدوز ’tailoring / sewing‘ خياطی ’tailor‘ خياط In these examples, the new nouns are different crafts, trades, or businesses. Look at an example from this lesson: قالينبافی، پتوبافی، وبوتدوزی بعضی ازصنايع دستی عنعنوی استند.

‘Carpet weaving, patoo weaving and shoemaking are some of the traditional handicrafts.’

Transition to conversational Dari In Lesson 26, you learned that the words اينجا ‘here’ and آنجا ‘there,’ when emphasized in conversational Dari, receive the additional syllables نی /nee/ and نو /noo/ and become اين right there.’ A similar change occurs with the words‘ اونونجه right here’ and‘ اينينجه‘this’ and آن ‘that.’ The conversational forms of these words, ای /ee/ and او /oo/, become ’.oo-noo/ ‘that one/ اونو ee-nee/ ‘this one’ and/ اينی In their daily conversations, Dari speakers often add the syllable /esh/ at the end of خوب /khoob/ ‘good,’ changing it to خوبش /khoo-besh/. This syllable is represented by the letter .in writing. It does not change the meaning of ‘good’ but puts emphasis on it [sheen] شLook at the following examples:

’?Do you like these shoes‘ بوتها خوش تان ميايه؟اينی. اسخوبشبلی، ‘Yes, they are good.’


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Lesson Vocabulary

Listen and become familiar with these words:

handicrafts صنايع دستی

carpet weaver قالين باف

shawl weaver شالباف

shoemaker بوتدوز embroiderer گلدوز tailor / seamstress خياط shoulder throw (outerwear) پتو hat / cap کاله

cap maker / hatmaker کالهدوز sandal چپلی pair جوره size ]اندازه[ = سايز

machine ماشين tree درخت skill مهارت without بدون

in spite of / despite the fact ] باوجود آنکه[ = با وجود اينکه … made in … / made by ...ساخِت traditional عنعنوی delicate / fine نفيس

more often زود زود less often / once in a while ديرديربعد beautifully )مقبول( به مقبولی

carefully ]با احتياط[ = به دقت skillfully ]ماهرانه[ = با مهارت

manually / by hand )به دست] (توسط دست[ = با دست no (in a more polite way) نخير to be considered / to be ]رفت/ رو/ به شمار رفتن[ = شد / شو/ مرده شدنش

regarded as to stitch / to sew ]کرد/ کن/ خياطی کردن[ = دوخت / دوز / دوختن to weave بافت / باف/ بافتن

to produce / to manufacture ) ساختن( کرد/ کن/ توليد کردن


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Homework

A. You will hear five expressions. Four fit together logically but one does not. Which one does not fit? Write it down in Dari.

)عنعنوی( قالينبافی – عنعنوی – بوتدوزی – خياطی –شالبافی

What do the others have in common? (They are professions.)

B. Listen and fill in the blanks with the missing words. Then translate each item

into English.

)با دست. (توليد ميکند______________ اين کالهدوزتمام کاله ها يش را This hatmaker produces all of his hats manually.

)صنايع دستی. (دشمرده ميشو________________ قالينبافی يکی ازمهمترين Carpet weaving is considered one of the most important handicrafts.

)بافته شده اند(؟ ___________________اين شال ها درکجا

Where have these shawls been woven?

)چپلی. (سفيد خريد __________نجال برای دخترش يک جوره Najla bought a pair of white sandals for her daughter.

C. Write the following in Dari:

Laila always drinks her tea without sugar. Please listen to your teacher carefully. (plural) Ahmad met with the reporters despite the fact that he was very busy.

I play basketball less often.

ليال هميشه چای خود را بدون بوره .مينوشد

.لطفًا به معلم تان به دقت گوش بدهيد

احمد با وجود اينکه بسيارمصروف بود

.با خبرنگاران مالقات کرد

.من ديرديربعد باسکتبال بازی ميکنم


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Narrative (Structures)

As you work through the narrative model on the next page, you will discover examples of these structures: Structure Dari word(s) English meaning nouns made with /ee/

قالينبافی پتوبافی

بوتدوزی

‘carpet weaving’ ‘patoo weaving’ ‘shoemaking’

adjectives made with انه /aa-na/

مردانه زنانه طفالنه

‘men’s / of men’ ‘women’s / of women’ ‘babies’ / children’s / of babies / of children’

adverb of frequency زود زود

‘more often’

prepositional phrases functioning as adverbs of manner

با مهارت با دست

توسط ماشين بدون احساس خستگی

‘skillfully’ ‘manually’ ‘by machine’ ‘without feeling the fatigue’

clause containing ‘in spite of the fact’

اوباوجوداينکه پيراست

‘in spite of the fact that he is old’

adjectives in basic form

نفيس رنگين باتجربه بزرگ قشنگ ارزان پير

جوان

‘delicate’ ‘colorful’ ‘experienced’ ‘big’ ‘beautiful’ ‘cheap’ ‘old’ ‘young’


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Narrative (Model)

© USAID Matt Herrick © Rosemary Stasek

قالينباف ها در . دستی عنعنوی استند١لينبافی، پتوبافی، و بوتدوزی بعضی ازصنايعقا

بوتدوزهای . رنگين را با مهارت بسيارتوليد ميکنند ميمنه وهرات قالين های نفيس وعلی که . ميسازند توسط ماشين کابل بوتها های مردانه، زنانه وطفالنه را با دست يا

های قشنگ ٢يريک درخت بزرگ درحويلی اش پتوز يک پتوباف باتجربه است، دراوبا وجوداينکه پيراست، مثل يک مرد جوان بدون احساس خستگی . وارزان می بافد

.برای فروختن پتوهايش زود زود به بازارميرود دراين اواخر، او. کارميکند

1. Listen repeatedly until you understand what is being said.

2. Read along with the recorded voice. Practice Dari pronunciation.

3. Complete the grid with examples. Note the English meanings.

4. If called on, point out the different structures on the SmartBoard.

1 The word صنايع is commonly used as the plural form of صنعت ‘industry / art / craft.’ However, its correct but less commonly used plural form is صنعت ها . patoo’ is a woolen or cotton cloth worn mostly by Afghan men as an outer garment. It is thrown over‘ پتو 2the shoulder. Some patoos used in the winter have almost the size and thickness of a blanket.


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Narrative (Variations)

ها در قالينباف. استندعنعنویی بعضی ازصنايع دستبوتدوزی، و پتوبافی، قالينبافیهای بوتدوز. بسيارتوليد ميکنندبا مهارت را رنگين ونفيس های قالين هرات وميمنه که علی. ميسازند توسط ماشين های مردانه، زنانه وطفالنه را با دست يابوت کابل قشنگهای پتو است، در زيريک درخت بزرگ درحويلی اش با تجربه پتوبافيک او با وجوداينکه پيراست، مثل يک مرد جوان بدون احساس خستگی . ميبافد ارزانو

. به بازارميرودزود زودهايش پتوبرای فروختن دراين اواخر، او. کارميکند

1. Create new narratives by choosing different words from the box to replace the shaded parts of the text.

2. Use the remaining class time to talk about manufacturing in the United States.

خياط ابراهيم خوب شالبافی ميدوزند ارزان وهاب توليد ميکند کالهدوزی لباس به سرعت کابل

نفيس گلدوزی ميسازد قندهار معروف به آهستگی جالب بعضًا شالباف ميدوزد غزنی بوتدوز

معموًال شالميبافند کالهدوز رنگين مزارشريف باميان توليد ميکنند پتو مهم بوت هرات چپلیديرديربعد قشنگ قيمت به دقت به مقبولی کاله

اکثرًاخياطی پتوباف ماهر صمد گلدوز


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Exchange (Structures)

1. Listen and pay attention to conversational forms that differ from formal Dari. Highlight them in the transcripts on the next pages.

2. Practice the exchange for fluency and good pronunciation, along with the native

speakers. 3. Answer the following questions. Write key words in Dari.

.)ساخت هرات( قالين ساخت کجاس؟ • .)نخير، با ماشين( با دست بافته شده؟ • .)زنها( قالين ها ره معموًال کی ميبافه؟ • .)بوتهای بچه گانه ودخترانه( مراد چی رقم بوتها کار داره؟ • .)بيست جوره( چند جوره؟ • .)به خاطريکه توسط ماشين ساخته ميشه( بوتهای ای دوکان چرا ارزان اس؟ • .)بلی( بوت ها خوش مراد آمد؟ •

4. Practice asking about and telling each other the information. Also practice your

own questions.


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Exchange (Models)

A foreigner is curious about some rugs.

© Major Juan Jose Soto Perez, U.S. Army

؟کجاسن ساخت قاليای : خارجی .اسساخت هرات : قالينفروش با ماشين بافته شده؟ : خارجی

. بافته شدهبه دست قالين ها توسط قالينباف های ماهرما ایتمام . نخير: قالينفروش يا زنها؟ميبافن مرد ها ره قالين ها ای : خارجی

.ميکنن مملکت ما، معموًال زنها قالينبافی ده: قالينفروش


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Exchange (Models)

Murad talks to a shoemaker. ما به يک تعداد بوتهای بچه گانه ودخترانه ضرورت ء يتيم خانهبری مه :مراد

؟رم ازشما بخره اونا ميتانم. رمدا ؟کاردارينوره جچند . بيايين دوکان درون بفرمايينبلی، :بوتدوز .بيست جوره :مراد

به کدام سايزها؟ :بوتدوز .نميخايم قيمتهولی بوتهای . به سايزها ورنگ های مختلف :مراد

توسط ماشين ره اونا وهم ارزان، به خاطريکه اسبوتهای ما هم مقبول :بوتدوز ؟ميايه بوتها خوش تان اينی .ميسازيم

.اس خوبشبلی، :مراد

© Rosemary Stasek


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Exchange (Variations)

Question and answer practice Who knows how to sew? (Raise your hand.) Who knows a tailor? (Raise your hand.) Who wears sandals in the summer? (Raise your hand.) How many pairs of sandals do you have? Are your sandals handmade? Are they made in the USA? Which do you wear more often, sandals or shoes? Why?

.)دست خوده باال کنين(کی دوختنه ياد داره؟ .)دست خوده باال کنين(کی يک خياطه ميشناسه؟

دست خوده باال (کی ده تابستان چپلی ميپوشه؟ .)کنين

چند جوره چپلی دارين؟ چپلی تان ساخت دست اس؟

ساخت امريکاس؟ ين، بوته يا چپلیکدام يکی ره زود زود ميپوش

ره؟ چرا؟ Transformation drill (conversational to formal, then formal to conversational forms)

آيا اين قالين ها را مردان ميبافند يا زنان؟ آيا اين قالين با دست بافته شده است؟

.بفرماييد به داخل دکان بياييد به چند جوره بوت احتياج داريد؟

ای قالين ها ره مرد ها ميبافن يا زنها؟ ای قالين به دست بافته شده؟ .بفرمايين درون دوکان بيايين چند جوره بوت کاردارين؟

On-the-spot translation (Dari to English) The Chinese-made sandals are very cheap. What size shoes do you wear? Sharif is a young but very experienced tailor.

.چپلی های ساخت چين بسيارارزان اس شما چی سايز بوت ميپوشين؟

.جوان ولی بسياربا تجربه اس شريف يک خياط Number dictation 85 sewing machines were donated. 320 pairs of men’s shoes 6,084

. دانه ماشين خياطی اهدا کرده شدند٨۵ مردانه جوره بوت٣٢٠

۶،٠٨۴ Conjugation of new verbs in short sentences I have woven these shawls. I must sew my uniform. I want to produce sandals.

.اين شالها را من بافته ام .بايد يونيفورمم را بدوزم .ميخواهم چپلی توليد کنم

* Now conduct the same drill for a second time, in conversational Dari.


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Gisting

. پتو دارين؟ مه يک پتوکاردارم: الف پتوی خورد ميخايين يا کالن؟. بلی، داريم: ب .اگه به رنگ نصواری باشه، بهترخاد بود. کالن: الف اينی چطوراس؟ خوش تان ميايه؟: ب ساخت دست اس؟. بد نيس: الف .با ماشين بافته شده. نی: ب .اگه قيمت باشه، نميگيرَمش :الف .نی، پتوهای ما ازدوکان های دگه کده ارزانتراس :ب

1. Listen twice and take notes. 2. Report details from your notes, in Dari.

3. Give a 2-sentence summary of the conversation, in English.

4. Practice a similar dialog with a partner, making up variations.


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Extended Practice

These are suggestions for personalized and integrated activities. Work briskly through the warm-up steps. Be prepared when you are called on. Your instructor will manage the time so that no more than 10 minutes are spent on the warm-up. Warm-up (only one student per task)

1. Name five things your great grandparents made by hand: “They made __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.”

2. If you know, discuss what made the German printer Gutenberg famous, in

simplest terms.

3. Ask your teacher if he or she writes letters (مکتوب) by hand. If so, ask whether he/she writes them carefully/neatly.

4. Say when you wear sandals, and when you wear a hat / cap.

5. Dictate to your classmates five verb forms from this lesson. They will have to

write and say what each means. Talking about an American craft fair Think about the similarities between an Afghan bazaar and an American craft fair, including the goods, sellers, buyers, and those who just look. Prepare notes. Now talk about what is happening at a typical craft fair.


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Role-plays One of the following situations is outlined in Dari. Which one? (2)

مطلب . شما قالين افغانی گرانبهای خود را برای ترميم به دکان قالين فروش ميبريداگرفکر . بپرسيد که آيا قالين ها را با دست ترميم ميکنند يا با ماشين. ا بگوييدخود ر

. ميکنيد که قالين شما به دقت ترميم خواهد شد، ترتيب شستن قالين را بدهيد

Now act out these role-plays with a partner.

(1) You are a guest in an Afghan’s home. Your host/hostess is wearing a pair of beautiful sandals.

• Compliment your host/hostess on the sandals he/she is wearing.

• Find out where the sandals were made. • Ask whether they were made by hand or by

machine.

(2) You take your precious Afghan rug to the rug dealer for mending.

• State your request. • Find out if they mend the rugs by hand or machine. • Arrange for the service if you feel that your rug will

be repaired carefully.

(3) You are in a marketplace in Afghanistan. You see a beautifully embroidered shawl you would like to buy.

• Find out its price. • Ask if it is a local product made by Afghans. • Take a closer look for any “Made in Hong Kong”

tag. If it satisfies you, try to get a good deal.


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Authentic Material

Recognize words in short texts. Practice reading, listening and also short speaking or writing tasks. Hone your dictionary skills.

© Aseem Koshan

1. This is an advertisement for a statewide sale. Read the ad to find out:

• Merchandise ) ،قالينچهقالين( • Country(s) of origin )افغانستان، ايران( • Location of sale )ورجينيا(

State this information in short Dari sentences.

2. The merchandise is offered in various sizes and prices. Check the numbers above

to find out which are prices and which are sizes. (Hint: Think about the system of measurement used in Afghanistan). Now write the prices in the corresponding sizes below.

$ 950.00 $ 675.00

$ 120.00


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3. Listen to further explanation of the sale and find out what qualities and what kind of prices are emphasized. (Hint: Listen for the adjectives.) Say what you understood.

© Aseem Koshan

4. Listen for recorded information that tells interested parties how to reach a

contact person. Who is it, and what is the phone number? Circle the name and write down the phone number.

) ٧٠٣ (۶٣٣ – ٠١۴۵و يا ) ٧٠٣ (۶٣٣ – ٠١٧۶


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USAID’s income-generating program provided needy Afghans with the necessary tools, such as yarn and a loom. Weavers like Ali have the skill, but lack materials and start-up cash. USAID helped to provide these materials to 40 families. Another 140 families, particularly women, received embroidering equipment such as wool, and sewing machines. For the 40 patoo-weaving families, weaving accounts for 50 percent of their income, while embroidery garners 35 percent of a family’s income.

1. Read the English overview to become familiar with the issue.

امريکا اخيرًا ء انکشاف بين المللی اياالت متحدهءادارهومواد های نيازمند افغانی افزار ازفاميل به بعضی

شان ءاکثرکسانيکه پيشه. مختلف اهدا کرده استشالبافی، پتو بافی، قالينبافی وگلدوزی ميباشد، مواد و

انکشاف ءاداره. افزارالزم برای توليد دراختيارنداشتند فاميل افغان تار، هون و ۴٠بين المللی امريکا برای

فاميل ١۴٠دستگاه های بافندگی تهيه کرد، درحاليکه ات الزم برای تجهيز ديگر، خصوصًا زنان، مواد و

گلدوزی و دست دوزی ازقبيل ماشين های خياطی، فيصد عايد فاميل های ۵٠.تکه و تار دريافت کردند

فيصد عايد فاميل های ٣۵پتوباف ازطريق بافندگی و USAID © .ازطريق گلدوزی بدست آورده ميشودگلدوز

2. Read the Dari text silently for comprehension.

3. Find and circle the words for ‘looms,’ ‘sewing machines,’ and ‘needy.’ Use each

of these words in a sentence of your own.

4. Underline the phrases that contain the passive voice.

lesson 38 afghan manufacturing - jlu.wbtrain.com basic courses/dari... · lesson 38...

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