Lesson2

2–1AREASOFDATAPROCESSING1.  BusinessDataProcessing2.  ScientificDataProcessing2–2DATAPROCESSINGOPERATIONS1.  Recording2.  Verifying3.  Duplicating4.  Classifying5.  Calculating

6.  Calculating7.  SummarizingandReporting8.  Merging9.  Storing10. Retrieving11.  Feedback

2‐3METHODSOFPROCESSINGDATA1.  BatchProcessing2.  On‐lineProcessing3.  Real‐timeProcessing4.  DistributedProcessing

1.   BusinessDataProcessing(BDP)

  Itischaracterizedbytheneedtoestablish,retain,andprocessfilesofdataforproducingusefulinformation.

  Itinvolvesalargevolumeofinputdata,limitedarithmeticaloperations

andrelativelargevolumeofoutput.

2.  ScientificDataProcessing(SDP)

2.  Inscience,dataprocessinginvolvesalimitedvolumeofinputandmanylogicalorarithmeticcalculations.

1.  Recording–referstothetransferofdatauntosomeformordocument.Itrelatestothedocumentationofintermediatefiguresandfactsresultingfromcalculations

2.  Verifying–thecheckingofanypossibleerrorsintherecordeddata.

3.  Duplicating–reproducingthedatauntomanyformsofdocuments.

4.  Classifying–identifyingandarrangingitemswithlikecharacteristicsintogroupsorclasses.

5.  Sorting–arrangingdatainaspecificorder

6.  Calculating–thearithmeticmanipulationofdata.

7.  SummarizingandReporting

  Summarizing–reducingmassesofdatatoamoreusableform.

8.  Merging–thisoperationtakestwoormoresetsofdataandputsthemtogethertoformasinglesortedsetofdata.

9.  Storing–placingsimilardataintofilesforfuturereference.

10.  Retrieving–recoveringstoreddataand/orinformationwhenneeded.

11.  Feedback–isthecomparisonoftheoutputandthegoalsetinadvance;anydiscrepancyisanalyzed,correctedandfedbacktotheproperstageintheprocessingoperation.

1.  BatchProcessing–isatechniqueinwhichdatatobeprocessedorprogramtobeexecutedarecollectedintogroupstopermitconvenient,efficientandserialprocessing.

2.  On‐lineProcessing‐inonewhichusesdevicesdirectlyconnectedtotheCPUeitherfordataentryorinquirypurposes.

3.  Real‐timeprocessingisamethodofdataprocessingwhichhasthecapabilityofafastresponsetoobtaindatafromanactivityoraphysicalprocess,performscomputationsandreturnaresponserapidlyenoughtoaffecttheoutcomeoftheactivityorprocess.

4.  DistributedProcessingisthemostcomplexlevelofcomputerprocessingwhichgenerallyconsistsofremoteterminalslinkedtoalargecentralcomputersystemtohelptheuserconductinquiriesaboutaccounts,processjobsorotherdataprocessingoperations

  Centralprocessortimeisreduced  Sophisticatedcomputersandagrowinglibraryofapplicationsprogrammaybeimmediatelyavailabletoenduserswheneverneeded

  Skilledprofessionalsareavailabletohelpusersdeveloptheirownspecializedapplications

  Managersmaybeabletoreactrapidlytonewdevelopmentandinteractwiththesysteminordertoseeksolutionstounusualproblems.

  Thereliabilityandcostofthedatacommunicationsfacilitiesusedandthecostandqualityofthecomputingservicereceived,aybedisappointinginsomecases.

  Input/outputterminalsareoftenratherslowandinefficient.

  Provisionsforprotectingtheconfidentialityandintegrityofuserprograms