Lesson 19Lesson 19

Maintaining and Repairing Maintaining and Repairing Plumbing SystemsPlumbing Systems

Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!Next Generation Science/Common Core Standards Addressed!

CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.3Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.3Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text.tasks, attending to special cases or exceptions defined in the text.

CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, CCSS.ELA Literacy.RST.9‐10.4 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics.scientific or technical context relevant to grades 9–10 texts and topics.

CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when CCSS.ELA Literacy. RST.11Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on ex CCSS.ELA Literacy.analyze the specific results based on ex CCSS.ELA Literacy.

RST.11‐12.4 explanations in the text‐12.3 Determine the meaning of symbols, key RST.11‐12.4 explanations in the text‐12.3 Determine the meaning of symbols, key terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific terms, and other domain‐specific words and phrases as they are used in a specific scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics.scientific or technical context relevant to grades 11–12 texts and topics.

MP.4 Model with mathematics. (HS‐PS1‐4MP.4 Model with mathematics. (HS‐PS1‐4

Bell Work/Student Learning ObjectivesBell Work/Student Learning Objectives

Explain how to prevent and solve Explain how to prevent and solve drain problems.drain problems.

Demonstrate how to maintain water Demonstrate how to maintain water heaters and bathroom stools.heaters and bathroom stools.

Discuss how to repair faucets and Discuss how to repair faucets and leaky lines.leaky lines.

Describe how to prevent frozen pipes Describe how to prevent frozen pipes and how to thaw frozen pipes.and how to thaw frozen pipes.

VocabularyVocabulary

BowlBowl Cartridge faucetCartridge faucet Ceramic disc faucetCeramic disc faucet Closet augerCloset auger Drain snakeDrain snake FloatFloat Flush tankFlush tank Heat tapeHeat tape

PlungerPlunger Rotating ball faucetRotating ball faucet Seat dressing toolSeat dressing tool Tank ball stopperTank ball stopper Water ramWater ram Wax ringWax ring

Interest ApproachInterest Approach

What are some common plumbing What are some common plumbing problems that occur in your problems that occur in your household?household?

What are some ways to help prevent What are some ways to help prevent these problems from happening?these problems from happening?

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

To avoid clogged drains, keep grease, food To avoid clogged drains, keep grease, food particles, hair, and other unnecessary solids from particles, hair, and other unnecessary solids from entering drains. entering drains.

Drain stoppage is usually the result of gradual build-Drain stoppage is usually the result of gradual build-up over time.up over time.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

Use of the prepared Use of the prepared drain cleaners on a drain cleaners on a regular schedule, regular schedule, especially at the kitchen especially at the kitchen sinks, is helpful to sinks, is helpful to prevent clogged drains. prevent clogged drains.

Follow the Follow the manufacturer’s manufacturer’s recommendations and recommendations and usage directions. usage directions.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

It is also helpful to regularly It is also helpful to regularly lift out the pop-up part of lift out the pop-up part of the sink drain and clean it the sink drain and clean it thoroughly. thoroughly.

Many sink traps have a Many sink traps have a clean-out plug. clean-out plug.

If a clean-out plug is If a clean-out plug is present, remove it from present, remove it from time to time to clean out time to time to clean out the trap.the trap.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

A clogged sink or toilet drain is one A clogged sink or toilet drain is one of the most common plumbing of the most common plumbing problems, but fortunately is easy to problems, but fortunately is easy to cure. cure.

When all sinks and toilets seem to When all sinks and toilets seem to have a drain problem, the sewer line have a drain problem, the sewer line is probably clogged. is probably clogged.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

The clean-out plug in the sewer line The clean-out plug in the sewer line should be loosened enough to allow should be loosened enough to allow water and waste to flow into a water and waste to flow into a catching container. catching container.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

Remove the clean-out plug and insert a drain snake. Remove the clean-out plug and insert a drain snake.

A drain snake is a flat steel flexible tape or coiled A drain snake is a flat steel flexible tape or coiled spring that is uncoiled and pushed forward into the spring that is uncoiled and pushed forward into the drain to break through the blockage.drain to break through the blockage.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

If the sewer line is clear and the If the sewer line is clear and the drain problem is confined to one drain problem is confined to one sink, check the sink stopper (pop-up sink, check the sink stopper (pop-up valve) for hair or other blockage. valve) for hair or other blockage.

Most stoppers are removed simply Most stoppers are removed simply by twisting counter-clockwise and by twisting counter-clockwise and lifting.lifting.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

If this does not clear the drain, stuff If this does not clear the drain, stuff rags in the overflow vent of the sink, rags in the overflow vent of the sink, add 2 or 3 inches of water to the add 2 or 3 inches of water to the sink, and use a plunger with up and sink, and use a plunger with up and down motion over the drain hole. down motion over the drain hole.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

A plunger, sometimes called the A plunger, sometimes called the “plumber’s friend”, is a cup-shaped “plumber’s friend”, is a cup-shaped rubber cone attached to a wooden rubber cone attached to a wooden handle. If after using the plunger, the handle. If after using the plunger, the drain is still blocked, it is time to use drain is still blocked, it is time to use a chemical drain cleaner.a chemical drain cleaner.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

Scoop excess water from the sink Scoop excess water from the sink and then pour the chemical cleaner and then pour the chemical cleaner directly into the drain. directly into the drain.

After waiting a few minutes, turn on After waiting a few minutes, turn on the hot water to test the drain. the hot water to test the drain.

If the drain is not cleared, remove If the drain is not cleared, remove the sink trap. the sink trap.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

Catch the drain water in a bucket. Catch the drain water in a bucket.

Force a straightened coat hanger Force a straightened coat hanger (with a small hook on the end) (with a small hook on the end) through the trap.through the trap.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

For clogged toilet drains, try the For clogged toilet drains, try the plunger to force water through the plunger to force water through the drain under pressure.drain under pressure.

In most cases, the pressure will be In most cases, the pressure will be enough to remove the blockage and enough to remove the blockage and return the drain to normal. return the drain to normal. Another option, a water ram, uses air Another option, a water ram, uses air

pressure to force the blockage through the pressure to force the blockage through the pipe. pipe.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

A third option, a closet auger, is a A third option, a closet auger, is a flexible coiled steel wire with an flexible coiled steel wire with an enlarged end that is hand pushed or enlarged end that is hand pushed or cranked into the obstruction and cranked into the obstruction and then pulled back, bringing the then pulled back, bringing the blockage into the toilet bowl. blockage into the toilet bowl.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

If none of these techniques work, the If none of these techniques work, the last resort is removing the toilet from last resort is removing the toilet from the floor and turning it upside down the floor and turning it upside down to remove the blockage.to remove the blockage.

How can drain problems be How can drain problems be prevented and solved?prevented and solved?

When the toilet is reinstalled, use a When the toilet is reinstalled, use a new preformed wax ring to seal the new preformed wax ring to seal the stool to the drain flange.stool to the drain flange.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

Every three to four months, the Every three to four months, the water heater should be drained of water heater should be drained of any accumulated sediment along any accumulated sediment along with 3 to 5 gallons of water. with 3 to 5 gallons of water.

Be sure to shut off gas and water Be sure to shut off gas and water valves to the water heater before valves to the water heater before you start draining water.you start draining water.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

Most water heaters have a pressure Most water heaters have a pressure relief valve that should be opened relief valve that should be opened periodically to see that it is working.periodically to see that it is working.

If this valve does not shut off If this valve does not shut off

completely, a new washer is completely, a new washer is probably needed.probably needed.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

The bathroom stool is another fixture The bathroom stool is another fixture that should be checked periodically. that should be checked periodically.

A flush toilet has two major parts, A flush toilet has two major parts, the flush tank and bowl. the flush tank and bowl.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

The flush tank is the upper unit of The flush tank is the upper unit of the stool that holds a reservoir of the stool that holds a reservoir of water for flushing. water for flushing.

The bowl is the lower portion of the The bowl is the lower portion of the stool that is attached to the drain stool that is attached to the drain flange. flange.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

Lift off the lid of the flush tank. Lift off the lid of the flush tank.

Noise in the tank is a good indication Noise in the tank is a good indication that there is a leak. that there is a leak.

If water is going into the top of the If water is going into the top of the overflow pipe, adjust the float. overflow pipe, adjust the float.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

The float controls the water level in The float controls the water level in the flush tank.the flush tank.

Bending the float arm down will Bending the float arm down will result in a lower water level in the result in a lower water level in the flush tank.flush tank.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

The tank ball stopper is The tank ball stopper is a rubber plug that seals a rubber plug that seals the flush tank to hold the flush tank to hold the water. the water.

If you suspect the If you suspect the stopper is allowing stopper is allowing water to leak through water to leak through the flush outlet valve the flush outlet valve into the bowl, add a few into the bowl, add a few drops of food coloring drops of food coloring to the flush tank.to the flush tank.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

In an hour or so, if the water in the In an hour or so, if the water in the toilet bowl has become colored, the toilet bowl has become colored, the stopper ball should be replaced.stopper ball should be replaced.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

Be sure to check the outside of the Be sure to check the outside of the flush tank and bowl for leaks. flush tank and bowl for leaks.

Clean the inside of the flush tank Clean the inside of the flush tank and use a disinfectant-type bowl and use a disinfectant-type bowl cleaner regularly in the bowl.cleaner regularly in the bowl.

Also check at the base of the bowl Also check at the base of the bowl for leaks that would mean that the for leaks that would mean that the wax ring needs to be replaced.wax ring needs to be replaced.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

If you have a septic tank, it should If you have a septic tank, it should be inspected every year or two. be inspected every year or two.

The length of time between clean The length of time between clean outs depends on the size of the tank, outs depends on the size of the tank, the flow of sewage to it, and the the flow of sewage to it, and the ability of the leach field to carry away ability of the leach field to carry away sewage. sewage.

How can water heaters and How can water heaters and bathroom stools be maintained?bathroom stools be maintained?

Typically septic tanks need to be Typically septic tanks need to be emptied once every 2 to 5 years.emptied once every 2 to 5 years.

Commercial compounds are Commercial compounds are available to help bacteria and yeast available to help bacteria and yeast break down the waste in the septic break down the waste in the septic system.system.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

Making simple plumbing repairs Making simple plumbing repairs yourself, such as fixing dripping yourself, such as fixing dripping faucets and leaking pipes, can save faucets and leaking pipes, can save money and avoid delays.money and avoid delays.

Faucets are either washer type or Faucets are either washer type or

washer less type. washer less type.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

When fixing faucets, identifying the When fixing faucets, identifying the faucet type and brand will help in the faucet type and brand will help in the purchase of replacement parts.purchase of replacement parts.

Start by shutting off the water supply Start by shutting off the water supply to the leaking faucet. to the leaking faucet.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired? For a washer-type faucet, remove For a washer-type faucet, remove

the faucet handle, and to prevent the faucet handle, and to prevent scratching, wrap the packing nut scratching, wrap the packing nut with tape. with tape.

After removing the packing nut, lift or After removing the packing nut, lift or turn out the valve stem assembly.turn out the valve stem assembly.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

Check the condition of the rubber Check the condition of the rubber washer at the lower end of the stem. washer at the lower end of the stem.

A worn or damaged washer is the A worn or damaged washer is the most common cause of dripping most common cause of dripping faucets.faucets.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

Loosen the screw holding the old Loosen the screw holding the old washer and put on a new washer.washer and put on a new washer.

Be sure to match the washer size Be sure to match the washer size and design to the type of faucet you and design to the type of faucet you have. have.

Examine the condition of the valve Examine the condition of the valve seat. seat.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

Some faucets have a replaceable Some faucets have a replaceable valve seat.valve seat.

Replaceable seats are usually Replaceable seats are usually removed with an allen wrench.removed with an allen wrench.

If a non-replaceable seat is rough or If a non-replaceable seat is rough or chipped it should be “dressed” or chipped it should be “dressed” or smoothed. smoothed.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired? A seat dressing tool grinds a new A seat dressing tool grinds a new

smooth valve seat. smooth valve seat. Check the condition of the packing Check the condition of the packing

around the valve stem. around the valve stem. If the packing looks damaged or the If the packing looks damaged or the

faucet has been leaking around the faucet has been leaking around the stem, replace the packing. stem, replace the packing.

After replacing the packing, reassemble After replacing the packing, reassemble the faucet.the faucet.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

The new washer less faucets tend to The new washer less faucets tend to be more trouble free. be more trouble free.

Replacement parts are expensive so Replacement parts are expensive so in some cases a new faucet may be in some cases a new faucet may be the best option. the best option.

The cartridge faucet uses a rotating The cartridge faucet uses a rotating cylinder with holes and ports to cylinder with holes and ports to control water flow. control water flow.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

As the handle moves back and forth As the handle moves back and forth and side to side, water flows only and side to side, water flows only when a hole in the cylinder aligns when a hole in the cylinder aligns with a port in the inlet of the faucet.with a port in the inlet of the faucet.

Worn seals and O-rings cause leaks Worn seals and O-rings cause leaks

When a leak develops replace the When a leak develops replace the rotating cylinder.rotating cylinder.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired? The rotating ball faucet works similar The rotating ball faucet works similar

to the rotating cylinder except it uses to the rotating cylinder except it uses a ball instead of a cylinder. a ball instead of a cylinder.

Some leak repair kits contain only Some leak repair kits contain only the springs and and neoprene valve the springs and and neoprene valve seats, but the better kits also include seats, but the better kits also include the cam and cam washer. the cam and cam washer. If the rotating ball is obviously worn or If the rotating ball is obviously worn or

scratched , replace it.scratched , replace it.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

The ceramic disc faucet uses one The ceramic disc faucet uses one stationary disc and another disc that stationary disc and another disc that moves with the handle. moves with the handle.

When holes in the two discs line up, When holes in the two discs line up, water flows. water flows.

By moving the handle from side to By moving the handle from side to side the top disc is rotated to control side the top disc is rotated to control the mixing of hot and cold water. the mixing of hot and cold water.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired? Lifting the handle raises the top disc Lifting the handle raises the top disc

causing an increase in water flow. causing an increase in water flow. Leaks can usually be fixed by lifting Leaks can usually be fixed by lifting

out the cylinder and cleaning the out the cylinder and cleaning the neoprene seals and the cylinder neoprene seals and the cylinder openings.openings.

A Scotch Brite pad is used to clean A Scotch Brite pad is used to clean the cylinder openings. the cylinder openings.

How can faucets be repaired?How can faucets be repaired?

If the cleaning does not stop the If the cleaning does not stop the leak, replace the cylinder.leak, replace the cylinder.

If the leak is in the water supply If the leak is in the water supply replace the fitting or the section of replace the fitting or the section of pipe with the leak.pipe with the leak.

This can best be accomplished by This can best be accomplished by using a coupling and union.using a coupling and union.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

To prevent water pipes from freezing, To prevent water pipes from freezing, wrap them with insulation and/or heat wrap them with insulation and/or heat tape.tape.

Heat tape is a tape, that when plugged Heat tape is a tape, that when plugged in, uses electrical resistance to create in, uses electrical resistance to create heat. heat.

In extremely cold weather allowing In extremely cold weather allowing faucets to drip can prevent frozen water faucets to drip can prevent frozen water pipes.pipes.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

If water pipes freeze, they may If water pipes freeze, they may expand and burst. expand and burst.

Before heating the pipe, open water Before heating the pipe, open water faucets in the area of the frozen faucets in the area of the frozen pipe. pipe. The open faucets will provide an The open faucets will provide an

escape route for steam that may form escape route for steam that may form inside from rapid heating of the pipe.inside from rapid heating of the pipe.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

A propane torch may be the fastest A propane torch may be the fastest method for thawing iron or copper method for thawing iron or copper pipe.pipe.

When using a torch, move it When using a torch, move it constantly back and forth and constantly back and forth and remove the flame every couple of remove the flame every couple of minutes or so to let the pipe cool.minutes or so to let the pipe cool.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

Also be sure to start by heating the Also be sure to start by heating the end of the pipe nearest the faucet end of the pipe nearest the faucet instead of starting at the middle of instead of starting at the middle of the pipe.the pipe.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

Other methods of thawing pipes include: Other methods of thawing pipes include: wrapping pipes with rags and pouring on wrapping pipes with rags and pouring on boiling water, warming pipes with heat boiling water, warming pipes with heat lamps, and heating pipes with electrical lamps, and heating pipes with electrical resistance from an arc welder.resistance from an arc welder.

Note that both the welder and the torch Note that both the welder and the torch methods for thawing pipes may only be methods for thawing pipes may only be used on iron and copper pipes.used on iron and copper pipes.

How can frozen pipes be prevented and How can frozen pipes be prevented and how can frozen pipes be thawed out?how can frozen pipes be thawed out?

If the frozen pipe is a drain rather If the frozen pipe is a drain rather than a supply pipe, it can be thawed than a supply pipe, it can be thawed easily by running hot water into the easily by running hot water into the drain. drain.

In case this does not work after In case this does not work after several minutes, pour in a mixture of several minutes, pour in a mixture of chemical drain cleaner and cold chemical drain cleaner and cold water.water.

Review and SummaryReview and Summary

Explain how to prevent and solve Explain how to prevent and solve drain problems.drain problems.

Demonstrate how to maintain water Demonstrate how to maintain water heaters and bathroom stools.heaters and bathroom stools.

Discuss how to repair faucets and Discuss how to repair faucets and leaky lines.leaky lines.

Describe how to prevent frozen Describe how to prevent frozen pipes and how to thaw frozen pipes.pipes and how to thaw frozen pipes.

The End!The End!