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Lesson 14.3 NOTES: The Skeletal System (Unlock) Essential Question: -What are the structures and functions of the skeletal system? Learning Target(s): -I can identify structures and explain functions of the skeletal system. I. Structure A. Bones are living organs made of other tissue: Ex: _________, __________, __________ Periosteum: __________ Spongy Bone: __________ Compact Bone:__________ ****Draw and label a bone that shows layers Copy and complete the following table using the word section below.

II. Functions 1. Shape and __________ 2. __________ internal organs 3. Locomotion: bones __________ (help from __________ muscles) 4. Blood cells formed in the red marrow 5. Calcium and phosphorous are stored = strength

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III. Joints: place where 2 __________________________ A. held in place by a tough band of tissue called __________ B. Types of joints: 1. Moveable: __________ 2. Immovable: __________ C. Cartilage is a strong rubbery tissue @ end of bones 1. acts as a shock absorber 2. reduces __________ that would be caused by bones rubbing IV. Bone Formation 1. at birth, bones are mostly cartilage 2. gradually, most __________ is replaced with bone a. osteoblasts: build bone - deposits calcium and phosphorous V: Diseases and Conditions of the Skeletal System Based on the diagrams below, describe osteoporosis and arthritis.

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Lesson 14.3 CLASSWORK: The Skeletal System Learning Target: I can identify structures and explain functions of skeletal system. Vocabulary: periosteum; compact bone; spongy bone; marrow; joint; ligament; cartilage; Warm Up: Complete Socrative Assessment. Copy errors and confusions. Teaching: Review LT; Vocabulary; Socrative Results Possible Misconception: Are there joints in the skull or elbow? Task: 1. Design a model that represents a bone (with layers) in structure and function.

2. "Skeletal System Task Exploration" **See pages 4-10 of this document

3. "How Important is your Thumb?" **See page 11 of this document 4. Enrichment: “Model Lab: Joints of the Back”- Test why joints are important. * See page 12 of this document Summarize: Check your answers

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Skeletal System TASK Exploration LT: I can use various text and media sources to describe the human skeletal system. Use the resources from pages 6-10 to complete the following tasks. 1. Label the top of each skeleton as either male or female. Describe your evidence in Table 1. Table 1: Comparing Genders Evidence for Male:

Evidence for Female:

2. On each of the skeletons, label 5 different major bones in the human body.

Be sure to label the diagram with the scientific name and common name for each bone. 3. On each skeleton, shade in the axial skeleton red and the appendicular skeleton green.

Compare the function of the axial and appendicular skeletons in Table 2. Table 2: Comparing Axial and Appendicular Skeletal Function Axial

Appendicular

4. In table 3, identify and describe if the human skeleton is an example of an endoskeleton or exoskeleton. Table 3: Comparing Endoskeletons and Exoskeletons The human skeleton is an ____________________________________________. A benefit to this type is skeleton is that … 5. Describe 4 different types of joints throughout the body in Table 4.

Ex: The knee is a hinge joint because it can move back and forth like a door. Table 4: Comparing Joints

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Theadulthumanskeletalsystemconsistsof206bones,aswellasanetworkoftendons,ligamentsandcartilagethatconnectsthem.Theskeletalsystemperformsvitalfunctions—support,movement,protection,bloodcellproduction,calciumstorageandendocrineregulation—thatenableustosurvive.Theskeletonsofadultmalesandfemaleshavesomevariation,primarilytoaccommodatechildbirth.Thefemalepelvisisflatter,moreroundedandproportionallylarger.Amale'spelvisisabout90degreesorlessofangle,whereasafemale'sis100degreesormore.Whiletheybecomebrittlewhenoutsideofthebody,bonesareverymuchaliveinsidethebody,beingfedbyanetworkofbloodvesselsfromthecirculatorysystemandnervesfromthenervoussystem.Atypicalbonehasadenseandtoughouterlayer.Nextisalayerofspongybone,whichlighterandslightlyflexible.Inthemiddleofsomebonesisjellylikebonemarrow,wherenewcellsareconstantlybeingproducedforblood.Teethareconsideredpartoftheskeletalsystem,buttheyarenotcountedasbones.Teetharemadeofdentinandenamel,whichisstrongestsubstanceinyourbody.Teethalsoplayakeyroleinthedigestivesystem.Theskeletalsystemhastwodistinctiveparts:theaxialskeletonandtheappendicularskeleton.Theaxialskeleton,withatotalof80bones,consistsofthevertebralcolumn,theribcageandtheskull.Theaxialskeletontransmitstheweightfromthehead,thetrunkandtheupperextremitiesdowntothelowerextremitiesatthehipjoints,whichhelphumansmaintainouruprightposture.Theappendicularskeletonhasatotalof126bones,andisformedbythepectoralgirdles,theupperlimbs,thepelvicgirdleandthelowerlimbs.Theirfunctionsaretomakewalking,runningandothermovementpossibleandtoprotectthemajororgansresponsiblefordigestion,excretionandreproduction.______________________________________________________________________________________________________Videolink:YouTube:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNbqPoqObZc

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How important is your thumb?

LT: I can collect and present data in order to determine the importance of the thumb.

Hypothesis:If we use our thumb to pass an object, then the number of passes made will be Procedure:

1. Pass an object between 2 people using only 2 finger combinations.

2. Count how many times in 20 seconds you pass the object without dropping it.

3. Make a data table that shows the number of passes made with each finger combination.

*Redesign the data table to include sections for 2 trials,your average, and a class average

Finger Combinations Number of Passes

1. index/pinkie

2. thumb/index

3. pinkie/thumb

4. middle/ring

5. thumb/middle

6. ring/index

Finger Key: P = pinkie R = ring M = middle I = index Th= thumb

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Model Lab: Joints in the Back LT: I can make a model to show how the joints that make up the spine affect your back Materials: 1 straw ; 1 pipe cleaner Procedure: 1. Thread the pipe cleaner through the straw. Then gently try to bend the pipe cleaner where it is covered in the straw. Does the pipe cleaner bend much? 2. Take the pipe cleaner out of the straw and cut the straw into pieces that are about one inch long. Thread the pieces of the straw onto the pipe cleaner so that they are touching each other. 3. Now gently bend the pipe cleaner again. How easily does it bend? Answer the following questions: a. Describe how this activity modeled the spine. b. Draw a conclusion using data evidence.