lesson 1 navigating lab view
TRANSCRIPT
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TOPICS
ni.com/training
LabVIEW Core 1
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What You Need to Get Started
Computer running LabVIEW 2012 or later
and Windows XP or later
• LabVIEW Core 1 Course Manual • LabVIEW Core 1 Exercise Manual • LabVIEW Core 1 Course CD• Multifunction DAQ device• BNC-2120, wires, and cable• GPIB interface• NI Instrument Simulator and power supply• GPIB cables
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File Locations
The course installer places the course files in the following location:
Root DirectoryExercises
<or>Solutions
LabVIEW
Core 1
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Instructional Methods
TopicLecture
Quizzes
Demonstrations
Concept Exercise
Development Exercise
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Getting the Most out of this Course
• Ask questions!• Experiment with hands-on exercises to understand the
methods used• Explore solutions• Implementations explore a possible solution—you may find
a better one
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Certifications
Certified LV Associate Developer Exam
Certified LabVIEW Developer Exam
Certified LabVIEW Architect Exam
LabVIEW Core 3LabVIEW Core 1
LabVIEW Core 2
Managing SoftwareEngineering in LabVIEW
Advanced Architectures in LabVIEW
LabVIEW Connectivity
Object-Oriented Designand Programming in LabVIEW
LabVIEW Performance
LabVIEW Real-Time 1LabVIEW Real-Time 2
LabVIEW Instrument ControlLabVIEW Modular Instruments
LabVIEW FPGADAQ & Signal Conditioning
Other Courses
New User Experienced User Advanced User
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Course Learning Map
Lesson 3
Implementing a VI
Lesson 2
Troubleshooting & Debugging VIs
Lesson 1
Navigating LabVIEW
Lesson 6
Managing File and Hardware Resources
Lesson 5
Creating and Leveraging Data Structures
Lesson 4
Developing Modular Applications
Lesson 8
Solving Dataflow Challenges with Variables
Lesson 7
Using Sequential and State Machine Algorithms
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Course Goals
This course prepares you to do the following:• Solve problems using LabVIEW• Develop, debug, and test LabVIEW VIs• Use modular programming practices• Select, create, and leverage common data structures• Use data acquisition and instrument control in LabVIEW
applications• Effectively use a state-machine architecture
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TOPICS
ni.com/training
Lesson 1Navigating LabVIEW
A. What Is LabVIEW?B. Project ExplorerC. Parts of a VID. Front PanelE. Block Diagram
F. Searching for Controls, VIs and Functions
G. Selecting a ToolH. DataflowI. Building a Simple VI
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A. What Is LabVIEW?
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What Is LabVIEW?— A graphical programming environment used to develop
sophisticated measurement, test, and control systems.
LabVIEW:• Interfaces with wide
variety of hardware• Scales across different
targets and OSs• Provides built-in
analysis libraries
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LabVIEW Language Characteristics
LabVIEW Core 1 Topics
• Graphical•Dataflow-oriented• Compiled
• Multi-platform• Synchronous
LabVIEW Core 2 and Later Topics• Event-driven• Multi-threaded• Object-oriented• Multi-target• Memory-
Managed
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B. Project Explorer
Project Explorer WindowFiles TypesProject Folders
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Project Explorer
• Find, access, and organize project files
• Prevent, detect, and resolve incorrect links
• Deploy or download files to targets
• Manage code for build options− Executables, installers, and zip files
• Integrate with source code control providers
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LabVIEW Files
Common LabVIEW file extensions:
LabVIEW project —.lvprojVirtual instrument (VI) — .viCustom control — .ctl
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• Virtual folder− Organizes project items and
does not represent files on disk• Auto-populating folder
− Adds a directory on disk to the project
− LabVIEW continuously monitors and updates the folder according to changes made in the project and on disk
Adding Folders to a Project
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C. Parts of a VI
Front PanelBlock DiagramIconConnector Pane
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Parts of a VIVIs have 3 main components:
Block diagram
Front panel
Icon/Connector pane
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Parts of a VI – Front Panel
You build the front panel with controls (inputs) and indicators (outputs).
Front Panel – User interface for the VI
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Parts of a VI – Block Diagram
Front panel objects appear as terminals on the block diagram.
Block Diagram – Contains the graphical source code
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Parts of a VI – Icon/Connector Pane
Icons and connector panes are necessary to use a VI as a subVI.− A subVI is a VI that appears on the block diagram of another VI.− A subVI is similar to a subroutine or function in a text-based
programming language.
Icon – Graphical representation of a VI
Connector Pane – Map of the inputs and outputs of a VI
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DEMONSTRATION
Using the Project Explorer and Starting a VI
• Open an existing project.• Identify the parts of a VI.• Create a new project.• Add and remove files and folders.• Create a new VI.
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D. Front Panel
Controls and IndicatorsObject StylesObject Types
Boolean NumericString
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Front Panel
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Controls and IndicatorsControls
− Input devices− Knobs, buttons, slides− Supply data to the block
diagram
Indicators− Output devices− Graphs, LEDs− Display data the block diagram
acquires or generates
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Front Panel Object Styles
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Numeric Controls and Indicators
The numeric data in a control or indicator can represent numbers of various types, such as integer or floating-point.
Numeric indicator
Numeric controlIncrement/Decrement buttons
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Boolean Controls and Indicators
• The Boolean data type represents data that has only two options, such as True/False or On/Off.• Use Boolean controls and indicators to enter and display
Boolean (TRUE/FALSE) values.• Boolean objects simulate switches, push buttons, and LEDs.
Booleancontrol
Booleanindicator
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Strings
• The string data type is a sequence of ASCII characters .• Use string controls to receive text from the user, such as a
password or user name.• Use string indicators to display text to the user.
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E. Block Diagram
TerminalsNodesWiresContext Help
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Block Diagram
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Block Diagram
Block diagram items:• Terminals• Constants• Nodes
− Functions− SubVIs− Structures• Wires• Free labels
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Terminals
Same label name
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Terminals for Front Panel Objects
• Terminals are:– Entry and exit ports that exchange information between the
front panel and block diagram.– Analogous to parameters in text-based programming
languages.• Double-click a terminal to locate the corresponding front
panel object.
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View Terminals as Icons
• By default, View as Icon option enabled.• Deselect View as Icon for a more
compact view.
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NodesNodes are objects on the block diagram that have inputs and/or outputs and perform operations when a VI runs.
Nodes
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Function Nodes
• Functions are:− Fundamental operating elements of LabVIEW.− Do not have front panels or block diagrams, but do have
connector panes.− Has a pale yellow background on its icon.• Double-clicking a function only selects the function. • Functions do not open like VIs and subVIs.
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SubVI Nodes
• SubVIs :− Are VIs that you use on the block diagram of another VI.− Have front panels and block diagrams.− Use the icon from the upper-right corner of the front panel as
the icon that appears when you place the subVI on a block diagram.
• When you double-click a subVI, the front panel and block diagram open.• Any VI has the potential to be used as a subVI.
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Express VIs
• Express VIs:− Are a special type of subVI.− Require minimal wiring because you configure them
with dialog boxes.− Save each configuration as a subVI.• Icons for Express VIs appear on the block diagram
as icons surrounded by a blue field.
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Node View Options
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Wires
• Wires transfer data between block diagram objects.• Wires are different colors, styles, and thicknesses,
depending on their data types.• A broken wire appears as a dashed
black line with a red X in the middle.
Scalar
Floating-point Integer String Boolean
1-D Array
2-D Array
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Context Help• Displays basic information
about wires and nodes when you move the cursor over an object.• Can be shown or hidden in
the following ways.− Select Help»Show Context
Help from the LabVIEW menu.− Press <Ctrl-H>.− Click the following button on the
toolbar:
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LabVIEW Help
• Contains detailed descriptions and instructions for most palettes, menus, tools, VIs, and functions.
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• Can be accessed by:− Selecting Help»
LabVIEW Help from the menu.
− Clicking the Detailed help link in the Context Help window.
− Right-clicking an object and selecting Help from the shortcut menu.
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Examples
• LabVIEW includes hundreds of example VIs.• Use NI Example Finder
to browse and search installed examples.− Select Help»Find
Examples in the menu.
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• Click the example buttons in LabVIEW Help topics.
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GOAL
Group Exercise 1-1Concept: Exploring a VI
Identify the parts of an existing VI.
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DISCUSSION
Group Exercise 1-1Concept: Exploring a VI
• What are constants and when should you use them?• What are free labels and when should you use them?
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F. Searching for Controls, VIs, and Functions
Palettes Quick DropNI Global Search
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Searching for Controls, VIs, and Functions
Ways to find controls, VIs, and functions:• Search or navigate the palettes.
− Controls palette− Functions palette• Search by name of object.
− Quick Drop dialog box• Search palettes, LabVIEW Help, and ni.com.
− Search text box in toolbar
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Controls Palette
• Contains the controls and indicators you use to create the front panel.• Navigate the subpalettes or
use the Search button to search the Controls palette.
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Functions Palette
• Contains the VIs, functions, and constants you use to create the block diagram.• Navigate the subpalettes or
use the Search button to search the Functions palette.
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Searching with Quick Drop
• Lets you quickly find controls, functions, VIs, and other items by name.• Press the <Ctrl-Space> keys
to display the Quick Drop dialog box.
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Global Search
Use the Search bar in the top right of the front panel and block diagram windows to search palettes, LabVIEW Help, and ni.com.
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DEMONSTRATION
Search for Controls, VIs, and Functions
• Configure palettes to customize visible palettes.• Search and navigate the palettes.• Search for help using global search.• Use Quick Drop to search by name.
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GOAL
Exercise 1-2Concept: Locating Controls, Functions, and VIs
Learn to use the palettes and search for controls, functions and VIs.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-2Concept: Locating Controls, Functions, and VIs
• Why would you want to add a function to the Favorites category in the Functions palette?• Why would you use the Quick Drop dialog box instead of
the Search button on the Controls and Functions palettes?
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G. Selecting a Tool
Selecting a ToolBlock Diagram Clean-Up
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Selecting a Tool
• A tool is a special operating mode of the mouse cursor.
• Create, modify, and debug VIs using the tools provided by LabVIEW.
• By default, LabVIEW automatically selects tools based on the context of the cursor.
• If you need more control, use the Tools palette to select a specific tool.− Select View»Tools Palette to open the
Tools palette.
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Wiring Tips
• Press <Ctrl-B> to delete all broken wires.• Right-click and select Clean Up Wire to reroute the wire.
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Wiring Tips – Clean Up Diagram
Use the Clean Up Diagram tool to reroute multiple wires and objects and to improve readability.
1. Select a section of your block diagram.2. Click the Clean Up Diagram button on the block diagram
toolbar.
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Cloning and Moving Items
• Clone an object in LabVIEW using the following steps:1. Select the Positioning tool.2. Press the <Ctrl> key while clicking an object.3. Drag the copy to new location.• Move an object using the following steps:
1. Select the Positioning tool.2. Click and drag the object to new location.
Note: Avoid cutting and pasting objects as this can impact related items. For example, cutting and pasting a block diagram terminal also moves the front panel object.
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DEMONSTRATION
Selecting, Editing, Resizing and Wiring
• Select item to move, copy, or delete• Edit text• Resize an object• Wire terminals and nodes
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GOAL
Exercise 1-3Concept: Selecting a Tool
Gain experience using the Automatic Tool Selection to select which tool to use.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-3Concept: Selecting A Tool
How do you enable automatic tool selection?
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H. Dataflow
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Dataflow
LabVIEW follows a dataflow model for running VIs.• A node executes only when data are available at all of its
required input terminals.• A node supplies data to the output terminals only when the
node finishes execution.
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Dataflow – Quiz
Which node executes first? a) Addb) Subtractc) Random Numberd) Divide e) Sine
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Dataflow – Quiz Answers
No single correct answer.
Which node executes first? a) Add – Possiblyb) Subtract – Definitely notc) Random Number – Possiblyd) Divide – Possiblye) Sine – Definitely not
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GOAL
Group Exercise 1-4Concept: Dataflow
Identify dataflow execution order in the following block diagrams.
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DISCUSSION
Group Exercise 1-4Concept: Dataflow
Which node executes first? Last?Where are the data dependencies?
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DISCUSSION
Group Exercise 1-4Concept: Dataflow
Which Express VI executes last?
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DISCUSSION
Group Exercise 1-4Concept: Dataflow
Which Express VI executes last?
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DISCUSSION
Group Exercise 1-4Concept: Dataflow
Which Tone Measurement executes last?
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I. Building a Simple VI
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Building a Simple VI
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Acquire Express VIs
• DAQ Assistant Express VI
• Instrument I/O Assistant Express VI
• Simulate Signal Express VI
• Read from Measurement File Express VI
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Analyze Express VIs
• Amplitude and Level Measurements Express VI
• Statistics Express VI
• Spectral Measurements Express VI
• Tone Measurements Express VI
• Filter Express VI
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Present Express VIs and Indicators
• Display Message Express VI
• Play Waveform Express VI
• Report Express VI
• Write Measurement File Express VI
• DIAdem Report Express VI
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Building and Running a VI
1. Place Express VI on the block diagram.2. Configure the dialog box that opens.3. Wire Express VIs together.4. Save and run the VI.
The Run button appears broken when the VI you are creating or editing contains errors.
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GOAL
Exercise 1-5, Part A – Group ExerciseSimple Acquire, Analyze, and Present Design
Scenario:• Acquire a sine waveform 0.1 seconds.• Determine the average value of the waveform.• Log the data.• Display the data to a graph.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-5, Part A – Group ExerciseSimple Acquire, Analyze, and Present Design
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-5, Part A – Group ExerciseSimple Acquire, Analyze, and Present Design
Which Express VI would you use for following tasks?• Acquiring a sine wave from a data acquisition device• Determining the average value• Logging data to a file• Displaying data to a graph• Displaying average value
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GOAL
Exercise 1-5, Part BSimple Acquire, Analyze, and Present VI
Create a simple VI that acquires data, analyzes data, and presents the results.
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DISCUSSION
Exercise 1-5Simple Acquire, Analyze, and Present VI
How do you determine the file path of the generated text file?
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Summary—Quiz
1. Which function executes first: Add or Subtract?a) Addb) Subtractc) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
1. Which function executes first: Add or Subtract?a) Addb) Subtractc) Unknown
85
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Summary—Quiz
2. Which function executes first: Sine or Divide?a) Sineb) Dividec) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
2. Which function executes first: Sine or Divide?a) Sineb) Dividec) Unknown
87
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Summary—Quiz
3. Which of the following functions executes first: Random Number, Add or Divide?a) Random Numberb) Dividec) Addd) Unknown
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Summary—Quiz Answer
3. Which of the following functions executes first: Random Number, Add or Divide?a) Random Numberb) Dividec) Addd) Unknown
89
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Summary—Quiz
4. Which of the following functions executes last: Random Number, Subtract or Add?a) Random Numberb) Subtractc) Addd) Unknown
90
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Summary—Quiz Answer
4. Which of the following functions executes last: Random Number, Subtract or Add?a) Random Numberb) Subtractc) Addd) Unknown
91
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Summary—Quiz
5. What are the three parts of a VI?a) Front panelb) Block diagramc) Projectd) Icon/Connector pane
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Summary—Quiz Answer
5. What are the three parts of a VI?a) Front panelb) Block diagramc) Projectd) Icon/Connector pane
93