•  Le  pied  :  organe  «  starter  »  et  de  récep3on  à  la  course  

•  Comparaison  course  chaussée  vs  non  chaussée:  o  Paramètres  spa3o-­‐temporels  

(Divert,  2005)  

o  Paramètres  cinéma3ques  (De  Wit  2000,  Bishop  2006,  Kerringan  2009,  Bjoern  2010)  

•   Chaussure  standard:  –  Fréquence  Blessures  +++  (Lieberman,  2010)    

•  Pieds  nus:  –  Blessures  moins  fréquentes  (Robbins,  1987)  

•  Chaussure  minimaliste:  objec3f:  mimer  le  pied  nu  –  Rendement  énergé3que  (Curran,  2010)  –  Conseillées  pour  transi3on  vers  course  pieds  nus  (Collier,  2011)  

   

LA  COURSE  EN  CHAUSSURES  MINIMALISTES    EST-­‐ELLE  SIMILAIRE  À  LA  COURSE  PIEDS  NUS  ?    

MATÉRIEL:    

Nombre  sujets   12  

Âge  moyen   23    ±    3  ans  

I.M.C    (indice  masse  corporel)  

22,4    ±    2,0  kg/m2.      

POPULATION:              

Critères  d’inclusion:  ü  IMC  physiologique  ü  Aucun  antécédent  trauma3que  au  niveau  

du  membre  inférieur  

Critères  d’exclusion:  x  Coureurs  élites  (Daniels  &  Daniels,  1992)  x  Pathologies  musculo-­‐ligamentaire  ou  

osseuse  de  l’appareil  locomoteur  ou  du  rachis  

   

MÉTHODE  :    

1.  PRÉ-­‐ÉTUDE  –  Analyse  quan3fiée  de  la  marche,  Hôpital  La  Timone.        –  Système  opto-­‐éléctrique  VICON  ®  –  1  coureur,  2  condi3ons:  chaussures  standards,  chaussures  minimalistes  –  Variables  étudiées:  Hanche  –  Genou  –  Cheville    

2.  ÉTUDE  1.  Tirage  au  sort  du  déroulement  de  la  séance  2.  Matérialisa3on  des  repères  anatomiques    3.  Photographie  en  posi3on  de  référence  dans  les  différentes  condi3ons  4.  Échauffement  en  chaussures  standards  pendant  4  minutes  (Divert,  2005)  5.  Acquisi3on  à  la  vitesse  de  10km/h  (3,3  m.s-­‐1)  –  Remarque:  2  acquisi3ons  pour  la  condi3on  «  minimaliste  »  (Bouisset  Maton,  1995)  

83,3%  

16,7%  

8,3%   0,0%  

16,7%  

33,3%  

58,3%  

0,0%  0,0%  

50,0%  33,3%  

100,0%  

0,0%  

10,0%  

20,0%  

30,0%  

40,0%  

50,0%  

60,0%  

70,0%  

80,0%  

90,0%  

100,0%  

S   PN   M   Mi  

%  de    coureurs  

TALON  

PLANTE  

AVANT-­‐PIED  

PRISE  DE  CONTACT  AVEC  LE  SOL:  

171  

174  175   175  

160  

165  

170  

175  

180  

185  

nombre  d'appuis    par  minute  

Cadence:  

MIN  

MEDIANE  

MAX  

S PN M Mi  

*  *  *  

0,582  

0,531  0,538  

0,506  

0,607  

0,576   0,576  0,582  

0,500  

0,520  

0,540  

0,560  

0,580  

0,600  

0,620  

0,640  

0,660  

0,680  

longueur    en  m  

Foulée:  

MIN  

MEDIANE  

MAX  

S PN M Mi    

*  *  

26,5  

23,0  

24,7  25,3  

30,0  

28,8  28,2  

27,6  

38,0  

32,9   32,9  

31,5  

22,0  

24,0  

26,0  

28,0  

30,0  

32,0  

34,0  

36,0  

38,0  

40,0  

%  de  cycle  

Durée  phase  d’appui:  

MIN  

MEDIANE  

MAX  

S PN M Mi  

 *  

0,733  

0,699   0,699   0,699  

0,783  

0,733   0,733   0,733  

0,799  

0,766   0,766   0,766  

0,690  

0,700  

0,710  

0,720  

0,730  

0,740  

0,750  

0,760  

0,770  

0,780  

0,790  

0,800  

durée  en  s  

Durée  cycle:  

MIN  

MEDIANE  

MAX  

S PN M Mi

*  *  *  

PARAMÈTRES  SPATIO-­‐TEMPORELS:  

-­‐40  

-­‐30  

-­‐20  

-­‐10  

0  

10  

20  

30  

40  

1   6   11   16   21   26   31   36   41   46   51   56   61   66   71   76   81   86   91   96  101  

Angle  en  degrés  

%  du  cycle  

Amplitude  de  la  cheville  dans  le  plan  sagiBal:  

S  

PN  

M  

Mi  

0  

10  

20  

30  

40  

50  

60  

70  

80  

90  

1   6   11   16   21   26   31   36   41   46   51   56   61   66   71   76   81   86   91   96   101  

Angle    en  degrés    

%  de  cycle  

Amplitude  du  genou  dans  le  plan  sagiBal:  

S  

PN  

M  

Mi  

PARAMÈTRES  CINÉMATIQUES:    

•  Paramètres  spa3o-­‐temporels                          Similaires  course  pieds  nus  

•  Paramètres  cinéma3ques  

•  Or  la  course  pieds  nus  permet:  –  Dissipa3on  énergie  ↘  +  performances  ↗  (Viel  2000,  Divert  2005)  

•  Conclusions  études:  course  pieds  nus  vs  course  chaussée  ↳   Encourager  la  liberté  de  mouvement  (Divert  2005,  Rixe  2012)  

 

•  Cri3ques  méthodologiques  de  notre  étude  –  Adap3on  morphologique  –  Ac3vité  neuromusculaire:  pré-­‐ac3va3on  musculaire  

 

–  Limites:  sources  d’erreur  propres  à  l’analyse  vidéo:  •  Posi3on  des  marqueurs  (Allard  &  Blanchi  2000,  Nester  2009)  •  Analyse  sagiwale  cheville:  angle  d’ouverture  +++  •  Résolu3on  caméra  +  Précision  Logiciel  d’analyse  

 

•  La  chaussure  minimaliste  semble  mimer  le  pied  à  la  course  

•  Résultats:    –  Différences  significa3ves:  Standard  VS  Minimalistes  –  Différences  non-­‐significa3ves:  Minimalistes  VS  Pieds  Nus  

 

•  Chaussures  minimalistes  et  blessures:  –  Ridge,  2013  –  Goss,  2012  

[1] Lieberman (2010). Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 01/2010 [2] Collier (2011) «The rise of barefoot running » et « Low-tech shoes in high demand ». The Canadian Medical Association Journal (11/01/2011). [3] Viel (2000). La marche humaine, la course et le saut. Masson. 2000 [4] Leboeuf (2006). Étude biomécanique de la course. Elsevier (2006). [5] Kamina (2009). Anatomie Clinique – Anatomie Générale & Membres. Maloine, 4e édition, 2009. [6] Alexander (1988). Elastic mechanisms in animal movement. Cambridge university press, 1988. [7] Novacheck (1998). The biomechanics of running. Gait & Posture 7. 1998 [8] Ounpuu (1994). The biomechanics of walking and running. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 10/1994 [9] Milgrom (1998). A comparison of the effect of shoes on the human tibial axis strains recored during dynamic loading. Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [10] Hubiche & Pradet (2000). Comprendre l’athlétisme : sa pratique et son enseignement Paris, Edition INSEP [11] Bosco & Rusko (1983). The effect of prolonged skeletal muscle stretch-shortening cycle on recoil of elastic energy and on energy expenditure. Acta Physioligica Scandinavica. 1983 [12] Onywera (2006). Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners. Journal of Sports Science. 2006. [13] Bishop (2006). Athletic footwear, Leg Stiffness, and Running Kinematics. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006 [14] Squadrone & Gallozi (2011). Effect of a five-toed minimal protection shoe on static and dynamic ankle position sense. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. [15] Curran & Tozer (2010). Do Vibram Fivefingers ® really mimic barefoot conditions? A study examining walking efficiency. Journal of foot and ankle research. 10/2010. [16] Burkett, Kohrt, Buchbinder (1985). Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1985 [17] Divert (2005). « Mechanical comparison of Barefoot and Shod Running » and « Stifness adaptations in shod running ». Internationnal Journal of Sports Medecine. 2005

[18] Farley & Morgenroth (1999). Leg stiffness primarily depends on ankle stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Biomechanics. 32, 2005 [19] Lacour & Padilla-Magunacelaya (1990). The energetics of middle-distance running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 60, 2005 [20] Bergh (1991). The relationship between body mass and oxygen uptake during running in humans. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 23, 1991 [21] Daniels & Daniels (1991). Running economy of elite male and elite female runners Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 24, 1992 [22] Bouisset & Maton (1995). Muscles, posture et mouvements. Hermann. 1995 [23] Allard & Blanchi (2000). Analyse du mouvement humain par la biomécanique. Décarie éditeur. 2ème édition. (2000) [24] De Wit B. et coll (2000). Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running. Journal of Biomechanics (03/2000) [25] Kerringan (2009). The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (12/2009) [26] Bjoern (2010). Footwear affects the gearing at the ankle and the knee joints during the running. Journal of Biomechanics (04/2010) [27] Altman (2012). Barefoot running : biomechanics and implications for running injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports (10/2012) [28] Bedi (1998). Differences in impulse distribution patterns in patients with plantar fasciitis Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [29] Ryan (2009). Examining the degree of pain reduction using a multielement exercise model with a conventional training shoe versus an ultraflexible training shoe for treating plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [30] Robbins (1995). Ankle taping improves proprioception before and after exercise in young men. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 29, 1995 [31] Stacoff (1996). Lateral stability in sideward cutting movements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28, 1996 [32] Robbins (1987). Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 19, 1987 [33] Goss (2012). Relationships among self-reported shoe type, footstrike pattern, and injury incidence. US Army Medical Department Journal (12/2012)

[1] Lieberman (2010). Foot strike patterns and collision forces in habitually barefoot versus shod runners. Nature. 01/2010 [2] Collier (2011) «The rise of barefoot running » et « Low-tech shoes in high demand ». The Canadian Medical Association Journal (11/01/2011). [3] Viel (2000). La marche humaine, la course et le saut. Masson. 2000 [4] Leboeuf (2006). Étude biomécanique de la course. Elsevier (2006). [5] Kamina (2009). Anatomie Clinique – Anatomie Générale & Membres. Maloine, 4e édition, 2009. [6] Alexander (1988). Elastic mechanisms in animal movement. Cambridge university press, 1988. [7] Novacheck (1998). The biomechanics of running. Gait & Posture 7. 1998 [8] Ounpuu (1994). The biomechanics of walking and running. Clinics in Sports Medicine. 10/1994 [9] Milgrom (1998). A comparison of the effect of shoes on the human tibial axis strains recored during dynamic loading. Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [10] Hubiche & Pradet (2000). Comprendre l’athlétisme : sa pratique et son enseignement Paris, Edition INSEP [11] Bosco & Rusko (1983). The effect of prolonged skeletal muscle stretch-shortening cycle on recoil of elastic energy and on energy expenditure. Acta Physioligica Scandinavica. 1983 [12] Onywera (2006). Demographic characteristics of elite Kenyan runners. Journal of Sports Science. 2006. [13] Bishop (2006). Athletic footwear, Leg Stiffness, and Running Kinematics. Journal of Athletic Training. 2006 [14] Squadrone & Gallozi (2011). Effect of a five-toed minimal protection shoe on static and dynamic ankle position sense. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. [15] Curran & Tozer (2010). Do Vibram Fivefingers ® really mimic barefoot conditions? A study examining walking efficiency. Journal of foot and ankle research. 10/2010. [16] Burkett, Kohrt, Buchbinder (1985). Effects of shoes and foot orthotics on VO2 and selected frontal plane knee kinematics. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 1985 [17] Divert (2005). « Mechanical comparison of Barefoot and Shod Running » and « Stifness adaptations in shod running ». Internationnal Journal of Sports Medecine. 2005

[18] Farley & Morgenroth (1999). Leg stiffness primarily depends on ankle stiffness during human hopping. Journal of Biomechanics. 32, 2005 [19] Lacour & Padilla-Magunacelaya (1990). The energetics of middle-distance running. Eur J Appl Physiol. 60, 2005 [20] Bergh (1991). The relationship between body mass and oxygen uptake during running in humans. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 23, 1991 [21] Daniels & Daniels (1991). Running economy of elite male and elite female runners Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 24, 1992 [22] Bouisset & Maton (1995). Muscles, posture et mouvements. Hermann. 1995 [23] Allard & Blanchi (2000). Analyse du mouvement humain par la biomécanique. Décarie éditeur. 2ème édition. (2000) [24] De Wit B. et coll (2000). Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running. Journal of Biomechanics (03/2000) [25] Kerringan (2009). The effect of running shoes on lower extremity joint torques. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (12/2009) [26] Bjoern (2010). Footwear affects the gearing at the ankle and the knee joints during the running. Journal of Biomechanics (04/2010) [27] Altman (2012). Barefoot running : biomechanics and implications for running injuries. Current Sports Medicine Reports (10/2012) [28] Bedi (1998). Differences in impulse distribution patterns in patients with plantar fasciitis Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [29] Ryan (2009). Examining the degree of pain reduction using a multielement exercise model with a conventional training shoe versus an ultraflexible training shoe for treating plantar fasciitis. Foot Ankle Int., 1998, 19. [30] Robbins (1995). Ankle taping improves proprioception before and after exercise in young men. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 29, 1995 [31] Stacoff (1996). Lateral stability in sideward cutting movements. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 28, 1996 [32] Robbins (1987). Running-related injury prevention through barefoot adaptations. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 19, 1987 [33] Goss (2012). Relationships among self-reported shoe type, footstrike pattern, and injury incidence. US Army Medical Department Journal (12/2012)