lepidium latifolium a.k.a. dittander dittany broad-leaf pepperweed peppergrass pepperwort perennial...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lepidium latifolium A.K.A.
•Dittander•Dittany•Broad-leaf Pepperweed•Peppergrass•Pepperwort•Perennial Peppercress•Perennial Pepperweed•Tall Pepperweed•Tall Whitetop•Whitetop•Ect., ect., ect.
![Page 2: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Characteristics: Perennial herb Brassicaceae (Mustard
Family) Related to broccoli, beets,
cabbage, canola, and other crops
Erect, up to 6 feet tall Roots up to 10 feet long! Distinguish rosettes from
natives with long stemmed leaves (natives are sessile)
![Page 3: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Native Range (uncommon)
![Page 4: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
North American Distribution (very common)
![Page 5: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Where is it?Native to SE Europe & SW Asia, uncommonArrived with beet seed from Europe before 184017 million acres in West20,000 acres of the Truckee riverPrimarily a riparian speciesBut, is now found in drier rangelandsIs it adapting more?
![Page 6: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why are they doing so well?
CharacteristicsA. Extremely long straight
taprootsB. Can tolerate saturated soil
for long periodsC. Sprouts from root
fragments (like a potato)D. Alters soil characteristics
E. Tastes really BAD
Competition Gets to the water table
faster than natives Survives flooding
Survives trampling
Sucks up Ca+ salts and leaves it on top of soil
Cattle and deer avoid it
![Page 7: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How it is changing our landscape.•Displacing native vegetation•Bad forage•Take up a lot of water•Increasing stream incision•Creates light impermeable layer of duff
![Page 8: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How does it fit our 10 hypothesis?Competition hypothesis:• Definitely!• Takes over riparian
areas• Shades out
neighbors• Reaches water table
better
Escape from enemy constraints:• Maybe…• Biocontrols are
under study• Not sure if bugs are
limiting• Don’t care
![Page 9: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How does it fit our 10 hypothesis?
Variable Resource Availability:
• Ruderal species• Grows tall fast• High density +
long root = lowers water table below what natives are used to
Disturbance and Land use:
• Riparian areas frequently flood• And frequently
damaged by livestock
![Page 10: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Approved Herbicides (you’re going to need a LOT)
Telar®(chlorsulfuron)
NoncropIndustrial
Selective herbicide (will not harm most grasses), do not apply near water.
Excellent control for 1-2 years
Habitat® (imazapyr)
Stalker® (imazapyr)
RiparianWetland
Wildlands
Nonselective herbicide, do not apply near water
Excellent control for 1-2 years. Treated areas typically remain void of any vegetation for 1-2 years after treatment.
Roundup® and others (glyphosate)
Rodeo®, Aquamaster® and others (glyphosate)
Wildlands
Aquatic
Nonselective herbicide. Rodeo® for areas near/in aquatic sites.
Effective unless infestation is dense. If dense, mow area and apply to resprouting plants.
Weedar 64®(2,4-D)
WildlandsAquatic
Selective herbicide (will not harm grasses)
Somewhat effective unless infestation is dense. If dense, mow area and apply to resprouting plants
![Page 11: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Methods of Control and other TheoriesSubmerging for a very long time (2years?)
Mow and spray with white leaf rust (fungus)
Mite from Turkey
Leaf hopper from Elko
Stem boring maggots
![Page 12: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Goats !!Can be trained to selectively eat perennial Pepperweed
![Page 13: Lepidium latifolium A.K.A. Dittander Dittany Broad-leaf Pepperweed Peppergrass Pepperwort Perennial Peppercress Perennial Pepperweed Tall Pepperweed Tall](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649c9c5503460f9495b11e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Sources Cited:
• http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LELA2• http://www.unce.unr.edu/programs/sites/tallwhitetop/• http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/leplat/habitat.jpg• http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/fact/lela1.htm• http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=996&fr=1&sts=&lang=EN• http://www.weedid.wisc.edu/idpics/sized_650/lepidium_latifolium4_650.jpg• http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Seiten-Arten/Lepidium-latifolium.htm
• Brain Rector, Elizabeth Leger, and of course….Robert Nowak & Erin Georgen