Lenin to StalinLenin to Stalin

Mr. Eischen, Mr. Cleveland Mr. Eischen, Mr. Cleveland and and

Mrs. McCarthyMrs. McCarthy

Review- Bolsheviks in Review- Bolsheviks in PowerPower

Lenin orders all Lenin orders all farmland to be farmland to be distributed among distributed among the peasants and the peasants and gave control of the gave control of the factories to the factories to the workersworkers

Rvw-Treaty of Brest-Rvw-Treaty of Brest-LitovskLitovsk

The Bolsheviks sign The Bolsheviks sign the Treaty of Brest-the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with GermanyLitovsk with Germany

Russia had to Russia had to surrender a large surrender a large chunk of territory to chunk of territory to GermanyGermany

The land contained a The land contained a large portion of large portion of Russia’s population Russia’s population and industry.and industry.

Review cont. Civil WarReview cont. Civil War Bolshevik opponents- Bolshevik opponents-

the White Army the White Army (supporter of the Czar)(supporter of the Czar)

Leon Trotsky Leon Trotsky commanded the commanded the Bolshevik Red ArmyBolshevik Red Army

Around 15 million Around 15 million Russians died in the Russians died in the civil war from 1918-civil war from 1918-19201920

The Red Army won The Red Army won

Lenin’s Political Lenin’s Political ReformsReforms

Lenin organized Lenin organized Russia into several Russia into several self-governing self-governing republics under one republics under one central gov’tcentral gov’t

The country was The country was named the Union of named the Union of Soviet Socialist Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)Republics (USSR)

Bolsheviks -Bolsheviks -Communist PartyCommunist Party

v.v.

Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist Trotsky (right) was a firm Marxist who wanted support for a worldwide who wanted support for a worldwide revolution against capitalismrevolution against capitalism

Stalin (left) wanted to work on Stalin (left) wanted to work on socialist views in Russia firstsocialist views in Russia first

Stalin put his supporters into top Stalin put his supporters into top jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own jobs and isolated Trotsky in his own partyparty

Lenin DiesLenin Dies

V. Lenin died 1924V. Lenin died 1924

Creates a struggle for Creates a struggle for

Power between Stalin and Power between Stalin and

Trotsky, among others.Trotsky, among others.

Stalin v. Trotsky cont…Stalin v. Trotsky cont…

Trotsky was Trotsky was stripped of party stripped of party membership and membership and fled into exile in fled into exile in 19291929

He was later He was later murdered in murdered in Mexico by an agent Mexico by an agent working for Stalinworking for Stalin

Stalin becomes DictatorStalin becomes Dictator

After forcing Trotsky After forcing Trotsky out Stalin focused on out Stalin focused on Russia’s Russia’s developmentdevelopment

He used the phrase He used the phrase “socialism in one “socialism in one country” to describe country” to describe his aims of his aims of perfecting a perfecting a Communist stateCommunist state

Stalin’s Totalitarian Stalin’s Totalitarian StateState

Totalitarianism - a Totalitarianism - a gov’t that takes gov’t that takes total, centralized total, centralized state control over state control over every aspect of every aspect of public and private public and private lifelife

Stalin’s Economic Stalin’s Economic ReformsReforms

Lenin’s NEP was a Lenin’s NEP was a mixture of free enterprise mixture of free enterprise and state controland state control

Stalin’s economic policy Stalin’s economic policy called for total state called for total state controlcontrol

He called for a He called for a command command economyeconomy, which is a , which is a system where the system where the government makes all government makes all economic decisionseconomic decisions

USSR’s Industrial USSR’s Industrial RevolutionRevolution

In 1928, Stalin In 1928, Stalin outlined his “Five-outlined his “Five-Year Plan for Year Plan for USSRUSSR

The five-year plans The five-year plans set unrealistic set unrealistic quotas to increase quotas to increase the output of steel, the output of steel, coal, oil, and coal, oil, and electricityelectricity

USSR’s Industrial USSR’s Industrial Revolution cont…Revolution cont…

To reach unrealistic quotas, To reach unrealistic quotas, the gov’t limited productionthe gov’t limited production

People faced shortages of People faced shortages of housing, food, clothing and housing, food, clothing and other goodsother goods

The gov’t controlled every The gov’t controlled every aspect of the worker’s life, aspect of the worker’s life, which took a toll on peoples which took a toll on peoples personal livespersonal lives

From 1928-1937, industrial From 1928-1937, industrial production only increased by production only increased by 25%25%

Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution In 1925, the gov’t In 1925, the gov’t

seized 25 million seized 25 million privately owned farmsprivately owned farms

They were combined They were combined into collective farmsinto collective farms

Peasants resisted the Peasants resisted the gov’t and Stalin used gov’t and Stalin used terror and violence to terror and violence to force the peasants to force the peasants to workwork

Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution

The kulaks- a The kulaks- a wealthy class of wealthy class of peasants, resisted peasants, resisted heavily and the heavily and the gov’t executed them gov’t executed them or sent them into or sent them into exileexile

By 1938, 90% of By 1938, 90% of peasants lived on peasants lived on collective farmscollective farms

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

1)1) Police TerrorPolice Terror Dictators of Dictators of

totalitarian states totalitarian states uses terror and uses terror and violence to force violence to force obedienceobedience

Monitored Monitored telephone lines, telephone lines, read mail, planted read mail, planted informersinformers

Lavrent Beria(right): head of secret police

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

In 1934, Stalin launched In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge-the Great Purge- a campaign of terror that a campaign of terror that

was directed at was directed at eliminating anyone who eliminating anyone who threatened his powerthreatened his power

By 1939, Stalin gained By 1939, Stalin gained total control of both the total control of both the Soviet government and Soviet government and the Communist Partythe Communist Party

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

2) 2) Indoctrination and Indoctrination and PropagandaPropaganda

Totalitarian states rely Totalitarian states rely on indoctrination or on indoctrination or instruction on the govt’s instruction on the govt’s set of beliefs, to mold set of beliefs, to mold people’s mindspeople’s minds

Party leaders lectured Party leaders lectured workers and peasants on workers and peasants on the ideals of communismthe ideals of communism

The State supported The State supported youth groups and used youth groups and used them as training grounds them as training grounds for future party membersfor future party members

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

Soviet newspapers Soviet newspapers and radio and radio broadcasts glorified broadcasts glorified the achievements of the achievements of Communism and Communism and StalinStalin

Soviet Realism was Soviet Realism was an artistic styles an artistic styles that praised Soviet that praised Soviet way of lifeway of life

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

3) 3) CensorshipCensorship Stalin would not Stalin would not

tolerate individual tolerate individual creativity that creativity that threatened threatened conformityconformity

Gov’t controlled all Gov’t controlled all newspapers, motion newspapers, motion pictures, radio and pictures, radio and other sources of other sources of informationinformation

Weapons of Weapons of TotalitarianismTotalitarianism

4) 4) Religious PersecutionReligious Persecution Communists aimed to Communists aimed to

replace religious replace religious teachings with the teachings with the ideals of Communismideals of Communism

The Russian Orthodox The Russian Orthodox Church was the main Church was the main target of persecutiontarget of persecution

Roman Catholics and Roman Catholics and Jews were also Jews were also persecutedpersecuted

EducationEducation The government The government

controlled all controlled all education from education from nursery school to the nursery school to the universityuniversity

School children School children learned the virtues of learned the virtues of the Communist Partythe Communist Party

They party also set up They party also set up youth programs called youth programs called KomsomolsKomsomols

Communist rule ended Communist rule ended in the 1990’s.in the 1990’s.