legal research report - compiled

8/13/2019 Legal Research Report - Compiled

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GROUP 1: WRITTEN REPORTLEGAL RESEARCH SET BAtty. David Ballesters

Le!al Resear"#

Research is defined as studious inquiry or examination (Mirrriam-Webster, 2012). It is the rocessdeterminin! and ro"in! facts throu!h the use of in"esti!ation and exerimentations.

#e!a$ research accordin! to %$ac&'s #a ictionary is the rocess of *+indin! and assemb$in! ofauthorities that bear on a question of $a.

#ac& of rinted $a finders, $ac& of com$ete comi$ation of statutes and urisrudence and s$oub$ication are the common rob$ems encountered by the researchers, but due to our ad"ancetechno$o!y at this resent times, the use of e$ectronic sources ser"es as a remedy to cure suchdeficiency caused by the rob$em as aforementioned.

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

T#e P#ili$$i%es:

n archie$a!o is an exanse of ater ith many scattered is$ands (Mirrriam-Webster, 2012). uchdescrition best fits the features of the /hi$iines. country that is surrounded by three "ast body ofaters (the /acific cean on the east, the outh hina ea or the West /hi$iine ea on the orthand West and the e$ebes ea at the south.) and comosed of 3,103 is$ands ith a $and area of244,350 sq. &i$ometres.

s ear$y as 1467, the /hi$iine constitution defined the base$ines of the country. 8his as thenconcurred by the R. . 6059 (1491) hich as based on the treaty of /aris beteen 8he :nited tates

and ain. In 149; the ct as amended by Reub$ic ct o. 7559, hich basica$$y corrects thetyo!rahica$ errors resent in the former. urin! the 14;3 constitution, the territory as once a!aindefined in the rtic$e 1.

In March 2000, the R.. o. 7559 as a!ain amended by R.. 4722 to standardia$ayaan =rou ofIs$ands?) and the carborou!h hoa$ hich created a contro"ersy (Ma!a$$ona " @rmita, =R 1;3193)but as then dismissed by the ureme ourt. 8hou!h not inc$uded in the base $ines defined by theaforementioned Reub$ic ct, the /hi$iines is sti$$ c$aimin! the o"erei!nty of such Is$and, hichactua$$y $ead them to brin! the issue to the :nited ations.

C&st's a%d Belie(:

Re$i!ion has $ayed a "ita$ ro$e in the +i$iino cu$ture. 8hus, e"en thou!h accordin! to the constitutionthere must be a searation beteen the !o"ernment and the church, sti$$ it does !reat$y inf$uence theour o$itica$ system and the $as enacted by the $e!is$atures.

hristianity has been the $eadin! re$i!ion in the country. 41A of the country's tota$ ou$ation arehristians, of hich ;0A are atho$ics, the domination introduced by the aniards durin! their rei!nfor o"er 600 years and the remainin! 11A embraces the /rotestantism hich as brou!ht by the


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mericans. 8he next to this is the Mus$ims hich reresents 5A of the tota$ ou$ation and then theother re$i!ions and be$iefs to reresent the remainin! 9A of the ou$ation

+i$iino a$so &non as 8a!a$o! is the nationa$ $an!ua!e of the country since ecember 60, 1463 henManue$ #. Bueinder!arten@ducation ct, uti$i


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c. Maority #eader d. Minority #eader -- 69 /ermanent ommittees -- 7 "ersi!ht ommittees

2. enate @$ectora$ 8ribuna$

a. 6 Fustices from b. 9 enate members

%. Couse of Reresentati"es (not more than 270 members)

1. omosition a. ea&er of 8he Couse b. euty ea&er for #u


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Municia$ 8ria$ ourts in ities (M8s)Municia$ ircuit 8ria$ ourts (M8s)hari'a ircuit ourts

Se"%d Level C&rtsRe!iona$ 8ria$ ourts (R8s)

hari'a istrict ourts

JFudicia$ oer rests ith the ureme ourt and in such $oer courts as may be estab$ished by $a(onstitution K14;3L, rt. EII, ec.1)

J8he Fudiciary sha$$ enoy fisca$ autonomy (onstitution K14;3L, rt. EIII, ec.6)

JRu$es of ourt of the /hi$iinesamended and issued by , define the ru$es and rocedures of the Fudiciary

+ormsN

dministrati"e Mattersdministrati"e rders ircu$ars

T#e S&$re'e C&rt

/rior to 1721 baran!ay chiefs exercised udicia$ authority

May 7, 17;6 the Roya$ udencia as estab$ished

omositionN

J residentJ5 oidores (ustices)J fisca$

functions ere modified in 1;17 (resident as re$aced by chief ustice, number of usticesincreased)

came to be &non as udencia 8erritoria$ de Mani$a (2 branches ci"i$ and crimina$)

Fu$y 25, 1;91con"erted to a ure$y udicia$ body ("ia Roya$ ecree)

+ebruary 29, 1;4;territoria$ udencia in ebu and udencia for crimina$ cases in Ei!an ere

or!ani


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dministrati"e ode of 1413 hief Fustice and ; ssociate Fustices

1467 onstitution membershi increased to 11 (2 di"isions, 7 members each)

1436 onstitution membershi increased to 17 (2 di"isions)

14;3 onstitution a hief Fustice, 15 ssociate Fustices (sha$$ ser"e unti$ a!e of 30)may sit on @n %anc or in its 6 di"isions (7 members each)"acancy must be fi$$ed by the /resident ithin 40 days

Fudiciary Reor!ani


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/hi$iine Mediation enter (ursuant to @n %anc Reso$ution .M. o. 01-10-7--/CI#F, datedctober 19, 2001)

to decon!est court doc&ets, amon! others, the rescribed !uide$ines in institutiona$i


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2. @xercise ori!ina$ urisdiction in cases such asNJ8he issuance of rits of certiorari, mandamus, quo arranto, habeas corus,and inunction

hich may be enforced in any re!ionH andJctions affectin! ambassadors and other ub$ic ministers and consu$s

*etr$lita% Trial C&rts 0*eTCs2 *&%i"i$al Trial C&rts i% Cities 0*TCC2 *&%i"i$al Trial

C&rts 0*TC2 a%d *&%i"i$al Cir"&it Trial C&rts 0*CTC-8hese are the first $e"e$ courts estab$ished in each city and municia$ity.-8heir urisdiction as ro"ided by %atas /ambansa %$!,124, ections 66 and 67.-8heir urisdiction has been exanded by secia$ $as, name$y Reub$ic ct os. 4239, 4272, 4607,4609, and 460;.- Metroo$itan 8ria$ ourts (Me8s), Municia$ 8ria$ ourts in ities (M8), Municia$ 8ria$ ourts(M8), and Municia$ ircuit 8ria$ ourts (M8) sha$$ exercise exc$usi"e ori!ina$ urisdiction in i"i$ases as ro"ided in %atas /ambansa %$!. 124, ec. 66 as fo$$osN

J@xc$usi"e ori!ina$ urisdiction o"er ci"i$ actions and robate roceedin!s, testate and intestate,inc$udin! the !rant of ro"isiona$ remedies in roer cases here the "a$ue of ersona$ roerty,estate, or the amount of the demand does not exceed /600,000.00 or in Metro Mani$a does not exceed/500,000.00, exc$usi"e of interests, dama!es of hate"er &ind, attorney's fees, $iti!ation exenses, and

costs the amount of hich must be secifica$$y a$$e!edN Nro"ided that the mentioned fees sha$$ beinc$uded in the determination of fi$in! fees. /ro"ided further that there are se"era$ c$aims or causes ofactions beteen the same or different arties embodied in the same com$aint, the amount of thedemand sha$$ be the tota$ity of c$aims in a$$ the causes of action arose out of the same or differenttransactionsH

J@xc$usi"e ori!ina$ urisdiction o"er cases of forcib$e entry and un$afu$ detainerN ro"ided thathen in such cases, the defendant raises the question of onershi in his $eadin!s, and this a$on!ith the question of ossession cannot be reso$"ed ithout decidin! the issue of onershi, the saidissue sha$$ be reso$"ed on$y to determine the issue of ossessionH and

J@xc$usi"e ori!ina$ urisdiction in a$$ ci"i$ actions hich in"o$"e tit$e to, or ossession of, rea$roerty, or any interest therein here the assessed "a$ue of the roerty or interest therein sha$$ notexceed /20,000.00 or in Metro Mani$a sha$$ not exceed /70,000.00 exc$usi"e of interest, dama!es of

hate"er &ind, attorney's fees, $iti!ation, exenses, and costH ro"ided that in cases of $and notdec$ared for taxation uroses the "a$ue of such roerty sha$$ be determined by the assessed "a$ue ofthe adacent $ots (ec.66, %atas /ambansa %$!. 124)

-ec.66 of %atas /ambansa %$!. 124 ro"ides that the may desi!nate Me8, M8, M8,and M8 to hear and determine cadastra$ or $and re!istration cases here the "a$ue does notexceed /100,000.00. 8heir decision can be aea$ed in the same manner as the R8.

- Me8, M8, M8, and M8 are emoered to hear and decide etitions for rit ofhabeas corus or a$ication for bai$ in crimina$ cases in the ro"ince or city in the absence of R8

ud!es.-8he aro"ed in etember 4, 20;, the Ru$e of /rocedure for ma$$ $aims ases (.M.

o.0;-;-3 ) hich too& effect ctober 1, 200; after its ub$ication to nesaers.

-55 Me8, M8, M8, and M8 ere desi!nated to hear sma$$ c$aim cases.-n +ebruary 19, 2010, a reso$ution of the ourt @n %anc as aro"ed amendin! the

ro"isions of Ru$e of /rocedure for ma$$ $aims ases(.M. o. 0;-;-3 )-n March, 2010, a$$ of the first $e"e$ courts in the country (excet hari'a courts) ere

emoered to hear sma$$ c$aim cases (/eo$e's ourt).-ases in eo$e's courts are required to be decided at the first hearin!. #ayers are not

required, hich therefore ma&es the rocedure inexensi"e.-+irs $e"e$ courts try sma$$ c$aim cases not exceedin! /100, 000.00 exc$usi"e of interest and

costs.


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-8hese courts sha$$ a$y the ru$es of rocedures ro"ided in .M. o. 0;-;-3 in a$$ actionshich areN?(a)ure$y ci"i$ in nature here the c$aim or re$ief rayed for the $aintiff is so$e$y for aymentor reimbursement for sum of moneyH and (b) the ci"i$ asect of crimina$ actions, either fi$ed before theinstitution of the crimina$ action, or reser"ed uon the fi$in! of the crimina$ action in court, ursuant toRu$e 111 of the Re"ised Ru$es of rimina$ /rocedure.?

SHIRI3A COURTS-ecia$ court created by / o. 10;6 ec.163 *ode of Mus$im /ersona$ #as?-Fud!es ossess a$$ qua$ifications of R8 Fud!e and $earned in Is$amic #a-ubect to the administrati"e suer"ision of ureme ourt-ointment of Fud!es, qua$ifications, tenure and comensation subect to the ro"isions of theMus$im code.

1) hari'a istrict ourt () urisdictions o"er cases enumerated in / o. 10;6 rt.156- ha"e urisdiction o"er a$$ cases tried in hari'a ircuit ourt () ithin their territoria$

urisdiction2) hari'a ircuit ourt () ori!ina$ urisdiction o"er cases enumerated in / o. 10;6 rt. 177

4UASI,COURTS OR 4UASI /UDICIAL AGENCIES-administrati"e a!encies be$on!in! to @xecuti"e deartment-emoered by constitutionGstatutes to hear and decide certain cases-hene"er necessary, ureme ourt issues ru$es and re!u$ations for these a!encies in theerformance of their udicia$ functions-decisions of quasi courts can be aea$ed to the ourt of ea$s excet those of the constitutiona$commissions, hich can be aea$ed to the certiorari to the ureme ourt-exam$es areN ffice of the /resident, R, @, 8

OTHER /UDICIAL PROCEDURES1. >atarun!an! /ambaran!ay / o. 170;, effecti"e ecember 11,143;

@stab$ished a system of amicab$y sett$in! disutes at the baran!ay $e"e$ Ru$es and rocedures are ro"ided in #oca$ =o"ernment ode

2. $ternati"e isute Reso$ution (R) R o.42;7

ser"es to romote the seedy and imartia$ administration of ustice and unc$o! the court

doc&ets

CONSTITUTIONAL CO**ISSION1. i"i$ er"ice ommission centra$ ersonne$ a!ency of the !o"ernment2. ommission on @$ections mana!e and sustain its authority and indeendence in the conduct ofe$ections6. ommission on udit examine, audit and sett$e a$$ accounts ertainin! to the re"enue and receits

of and exendituresGuses of funds and roerty onedGhe$d by or ertainin! to the !o"ernment

LOCAL GO)ERN*ENT a$so &non as OMunicia$ !o"ernmentO, is a form of ub$ic administration hich exists as the $oesttier of administration ithin a !i"en state.

8he territoria$ and o$itica$ subdi"isions of the Reub$ic of the /hi$iinesNJ /ro"inces


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J itiesJ Municia$itiesJ %aran!ays

fficia$s of #oca$ =o"ernmentNJ=o"ernor and Eice =o"ernor

Jity Mayor and Eice MayorJMunicia$ Mayor and Eice MayorJ%aran!ay hairman (/unon! %aran!ay)J/ro"incia$ %oard Members (an!!unian! /an$a$ai!an)Jity ounci$ors (an!!unian! /an!$unsod)JMunicia$ ounci$ors (an!!unian! %ayan)J%aran!ay ounci$ors (an!!unian! %aran!ay)

@ach territoria$ or o$itica$ subdi"ision enoys $oca$ autonomy as defined in the onstitution. 8he/resident exercises suer"ision o"er $oca$ !o"ernments.

city differs from a municia$ity because it consists of more urbani


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J @astern Eisayas (Re!ion EIII)J Pamboan!a /eninsu$a (Re!ion ID)J orthern Mindanao (Re!ion D)J a"ao Re!ion (Re!ion DI)J >R=@ (Re!ion DII)J R= (Re!ion DIII) R o. 3401, +eb. 26, 1447

J utonomous Re!ion in Mus$im Mindanao (RMM) R o. 9365, +eb. 3, 2001J ordi$$era dministrati"e Re!ion (R) R o. 9399, ct. 26, 14;4J ationa$ aita$ Re!ion (R)

OTHER GO)ERN*ENT AGENCIES

CO**ISSION ON HU*AN RIGHTS

CR as created by the onstitution as an indeendent office for cases of "io$ation of human ri!hts. Itis comosed of a hairerson and four members.

:nder ection 1;, rtic$e DIII of the /hi$iine onstitution, the ommission is emoered toin"esti!ate a$$ forms of human ri!hts "io$ations in"o$"in! ci"i$ and o$itica$ ri!hts, adot ru$es ofrocedure and issue contemt citations, ro"ide aroriate $e!a$ measures for the rotection ofhuman ri!hts of a$$ ersons ithin the /hi$iines, and se"era$ other oers in re$ation to the rotectionof human ri!hts.

Prese%t C#air$ers%:+ormer &bayan Re. @tta Rosa$es

OICE O THE O*BUDS*AN

8he 14;3 onstitution ex$icit$y ro"ides that mbudsman and his deuties are ca$$ed *rotectors ofthe eo$e? for they are tas&ed to act romt$y on com$aints fi$ed a!ainst hi!h ran&in! ub$ic officia$sor em$oyees of the !o"ernment inc$udin! !o"ernment oned and contro$$ed cororations.

It is comosed of the mbudsman and six deuties.

Prese%t O'6&s'a%:+ormer ssoc. Fustice onchita ario-Mora$es

8he /resident, Eice-/resident, members of the ureme ourt, onstitutiona$ ommission and thembudsman may be remo"ed from office by imeachment for con"iction of "io$ations of theonstitution, treason, bribery, !raft and corrution, other hi!h crimes or betraya$ of ub$ic trust.

8he Couse of Reresentati"es has the exc$usi"e oer to initiate, hi$e the enate has the so$eoer to try and decide imeachment cases. $$ ub$ic officia$s and em$oyees may be remo"ed by$a.


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legal research report - compiled

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