legal & policy issues - github pages · identify ethical, legal, and policy issues for managing...
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Legal&PolicyIssuesDataONECommunityEngagement&OutreachWorking
Group
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LegalandPolicyIssues
ImageAttribution:http://www.therealestatemedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/real-estate-investment-scam.jpg
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LearningOutcomesAftercompletingthislesson,participantswillbeableto:
Identifyethical,legal,andpolicyissuesformanagingresearchdataDefinecopyrights,licensesandwaiversUnderstandreasonsbehinddatarestrictionsandhowtoobservethemDiscussethicalconsiderationssurroundingtheuseofresearchdata
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SettingtheStageLegal–alawis“anywrittenorpositiveruleorcollectionofrulesprescribedundertheauthorityofthestateornation.”
e.g.,U.S.CopyrightActEthical–“beinginaccordancewiththerulesorstandardsforrightconductorpractice,especiallythestandardsofaprofession.”
e.g.,InstitutionalReviewBoard(IRB)&InstitutionalAnimalCareandUseCommittees(IACUC)
Policy-aspecified“courseofactionadoptedforthesakeofexpediency,facility,etc.”
e.g.,PaperworkReductionAct
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ImageAttribution:https://theforevergreenstateofmind.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/lightbulb3.png
“Intellectualpropertyreferstocreationsofthemind,suchasinventions;literaryandartisticworks;designs;andsymbols,namesandimagesusedincommerce.”
IntellectualProperty(IP)
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ImageAttribution:http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41DS66B06KL.jpg
CopyrightPatentsTrademarksIndustrialDesigns
WhatdoesIPinclude?
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YouAfunderStudent,scientist,researcher,PIAninstitutionAprivatecompanyNobody
ImageAttribution:http://www.ihomepm.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/727453_10231848.jpg
Whomightclaimcontroloverdata?
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FunderagreementInstitutionalintellectualpropertypolicyPrivatecompanydatauseagreementAttachedlicense
ImageAttribution:http://cdn.gobankingrates.com/wp-content/uploads/nashville-housing-market-overview-300x238.jpg
IdentifyingOwnershipandControl
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ForCreators:toderivebenefitasaresultoftheirwork
ForOthers:toavoidpotentiallegaltroubletoknowwheretogetpermissionforuse.
ImageAttribution:AttentionByViktorVorobyevattheNounProject
WhyDoesOwnership&ControlMatter?
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CopyrightversusLicenseCopyright:“[T]hebodyofexclusiverightsgrantedbylawtocopyrightownersforprotectionoftheirwork.”--U.S.CopyrightOffice
FactsanddatacannotbeprotectedbycopyrightMetadataanddataarrangementcanbeprotected(sometimes)
License:stateswhatcanbedonewiththedataandhowthatdatacanberedistributed(e.g.,GeneralPublicLicense(GPL)andCreativeCommons(CC))
Waiver:(e.g.,CC0)relinquishesallrightsofownershiporcontrolandusuallycommitsthe“work”tothepublicdomain
Intellectualpropertylawswillvarydependinguponcountryorregion.
Copyrightisaprecursortohavingthepowertoassignlicensesorwaivers.
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FactsandCopyrightFactscannotbeprotectedbycopyright,butwhatisafact?Currentcaselawdeterminesthelimits:
FeistPublications,Inc.vs.RuralTelephoneServiceCo.Bakerv.SeldonMillerv.UniversalStudios
ImageAttribution:http://www.romakerlaw.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/doctelportal.jpg
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Whyuseanopenlicense?FacilitatedatasharinganddiscoveryIncreasevisibilityofyourdataAdvanceknowledge
CreativeCommonsCC0(notalicense,butawaiver)CCBY(Attribution)CCBY-ND(Attribution-NoDerivs)CCBY-NC(Attribution-NonCommercial)CCBY-SA(Attribution-ShareAlike)
Choosinganopenlicense
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Copyrightvs.Copyleft“astrategyofutilizingcopyrightlawtopursuethepolicygoaloffosteringandencouragingtheequalandinalienablerighttocopy,share,modifyandimprovecreativeworksofauthorship.”(copyleft.org)
AttributionStackingCCBYrequiresallderivativeworkstoacknowledgeallcontributorstoallworksfromwhichtheyarederived.
RedistributionCCBY-SArequiresallworksthatderivefromaworkdesignatedBY-SAmustbedistributedunderthesamelicense.
OtherConsiderations
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Whenusingdata
GivecredittothedataauthorsBeresponsiblewiththedataSharewhatyoulearnedRespecttheDataLicenseorWaiverUnderstandandfollowanyrestrictionsorregulations
ImageAttribution:http://soctheory.iheartsociology.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/IMG02369-20111028-1602.jpg
NormsforDataUse
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ImageAttribution:https://www.flickr.com/photos/michaelgallagher/14592386702/
Understandyourfunder/institutionpoliciesondatasharing
ReviewyourIRBprotocolsandapprovalsRemovepersonaldata
Usingsomeoneelse’sdataGivecreditRespectthelicenseProtectthedataappropriately
EthicalUseofData
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DatainvolvesthreatenedandendangeredspeciesNationalsecurityandclassifiedresearchExportcontrols
CanapplytotechnologiesanddataUseofHumanSubjects
PersonallyidentifiableinformationofanykindE.g.,HealthInsurancePortabilityandAccountabilityAct(HIPAA)asgoverninglawforpersonalhealthinformation
ImageAttribution:https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/40968/folder_red_restricted_icon
Whymightdatauseorsharingberestricted?
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BeAwareofRegulationsRangeofregulationsmediatinghowresearchersinteractwithdataorobjectsofdatacollection(e.g.,humans,animals;consultIRBorIACUC)Constraintsarounddatamanagement(e.g.,cloudservices,softwareagreements,etc.)Institutionalpolicyreviewprocesses(e.g.PaperworkReductionAct)Openvs.proprietary–someinstitutions(e.g.,universities)mayneedtowaiverightstopermitopenaccess.
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ImageAttribution:http://www.charlottecriminallawyer-blog.com/files/2013/12/Surveillance-Camera.jpg
Involves:
WhatwecancollectandhowHowwesharedata,resultsandoutcomesReuseofhumansubjectdataDatastorageanddestruction
IRBinterpretationsandreviewacrossinstitutionsarenotalwaysconsistent
PrivacyandSecurity
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Privacyvs.ConfidentialityPrivacy
Protectsaccesstoindividuals(orentities)Confidentiality
ProtectsaccesstoinformationaboutindividualsCanbethoughtofasinformationprivacy
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SummaryKnowwhocanclaimownershiporcontroloverdataproductsAssignlicensesorwaiversappropriatelyBehaveethicallyandinaccordancewithestablishedcommunitynormsRespectthelicensesorwaiversassignedProtectprivacyandconfidentialityKnowwhatrestrictionsandliabilitiesapplytoproductsandprocesses
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ResourcesFrequentlyaskedquestionsaboutPRA/InformationCollection.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://www.hhs.gov/ocio/policy/collection/infocollectfaq.html.CreativeCommons.AccessedJune26,2015athttps://creativecommons.org.Normsfordatauseandpublication.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://www.Vertnet.org/resources/norms.html.Exportcontrols.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/export-controls.Protectedgroups.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://www.uidaho.edu/ora/committees/irb/protectedgroups.Healthinformationprivacy.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy.
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Resources,continuedProtectingpersonalhealthinformationinresearch:understandingtheHIPAAprivacyrule.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://privacyruleandresearch.nih.gov/pr_02.asp.InformationLiability.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://www.law.fsu.edu/journals/lawreview/downloads/263/phil.pdf.GuidelinesforResponsibleDataManagementinScientificResearch.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://ori.hhs.gov/education/products/clinicaltools/data.pdfWhoOwnsResearchData?AccessedJune26,2015athttp://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/columbia_wbt/rcr_data/case/index.html#2ConstructingAccessPermissions.AccessedJune26,2015athttp://libweb.uoregon.edu/datamanagement/sharingdata.html#three
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