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Legal Migration in Austria: From Historical
Development to Current trends Maria-Alexandra Bassermann
Valletta, 13 November 2018
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Source: Statistics Austria
Foreign nationals
Austrian nationals
Net migration
Austria, net migration (1961 – 2017)
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Development of Labour Migration in Austria
Phase Background conditions General legal trends
Selected measures
Labour Migration (1960–1968)
• Emigration of Austrian workers
• Post-World War II economic boom
Migration policy as economic component dictated by the labour market
“Raab-Olah Agreement” of 1961 (fixed annual contingents for so-called “guest workers” manly from Turkey and former Yugoslavia)
From Labour Migration to Family Migration (1969 –1984)
• Economic recession • Previously emigrated
Austrian workers come back home
Tightening of political measures
Act Governing the Employment of Foreigners 1975 (new restrictions for foreign workers)
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Development of Labour Migration in Austria
Phase Background conditions General legal trends
Selected measures
Increased Migration (1985–1992)
• Fall of the Iron Curtain and civil war in former Yugoslavia
• Increased refugee inflows and politically demanded “zero immigration”
Stricter immigration policies and laws
Introduction of quota system for work permits in 1990
Evolution of the Austrian Aliens Law (1993–today)
• Key worker system does not meet demand
• Opening of the labour market to the EU-8
• EU Blue Card Directive and Single Permit Directive
Attempts to manage migration more efficiently through creating several “channels of immigration”
Aliens Law Package 2011: Points-based Red-White-Red Card introduced to facilitate immigration of highly qualified migrants; replaces previous quota system
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5 Source: Statistics Austria
Current Legal Migration Trends
EU and EFTA states 56%
Third Countries and Unknown
34%
Austria 10%
Immigration to Austria by Group of Citizenship (2017)
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6 Source: Eurostat
Other reasons (e.g. residence
without the right to work,
international protection)
62%
Family reasons 25%
Education reasons 8%
Remunerated activities reasons
5%
First Residence Permits Granted in Austria by Reason (2017)
Current Legal Migration Trends
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Current Legal Migration Policies
Aim: to facilitate the admission of qualified workers and to counteract wage and social dumping
• Revision of the Red-White-Red Card’s points system (language and experience are now rated higher than age).
• Period of validity of the Red-White-Red Card extended from one to two years.
Aim: to facilitate the admission of startup founders and to promote innovation
• Separate Red-White-Red Card introduced (at least EUR 50,000 in start-up capital).
Aim: to facilitate the admission and stay of students and researchers
• New option of a one-time extension of the Temporary Residence Permit – Student for the purpose of seeking employment.
• Maximum number of working hours for students increased to a uniform level of 20 hours per week.
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Labour Market Integration
Labour market integration is as a key component of the integration process in Austria.
Integration Act 2017: attributes a major role to measures that are aimed at facilitating rapid labour market entry; earning one’s own living is referred to as key for successful integration.
One example of an integration measure is the integration agreement (considered a key integration instrument for migrants before and shortly after immigration):
• Aims to encourage migrants to improve their language skills and become better oriented in society.
• Migrants commit themselves to acquiring German language skills and a knowledge of the democratic system.
• Two modules: 1) German at level A2 and fundamental values of the Austrian legal and social
system within two years. 2) German at level B1 and values in more detail.
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Thank you for your attention!
National Contact Point Austria in the European Migration Network
IOM Country Office for Austria, Nibelungengasse 13/4, 1010 Vienna Tel: +43 1 585 33 22 | Fax: +43 1 585 33 22 30
[email protected]|www.emn.at