leeanne mila el dorado county department of...
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leeanne mila el dorado county department
of agriculture
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} highly aggressive – displace natives and desirable plants
} decrease wildlife habitat – forming monocultures } reduce recreational values and uses } decrease land productivity and value } hard to control – takes diligence! } contribute to soil erosion and
lake/stream sedimentation } noxious weeds rated in california
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} Dalmatian toadflax – A rated } Knapweeds – A rated } Oblong spurge – B rated } Canada thistle - B rated } Tall White top – B rated } Hoary Cress – B rated } Purple loosestrife – B rated } Scotch thistle – A rated } Russian knapweed – A rated } Stinkwort – Not rated } Tocalote – C rated
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} Native to the Mediterranean } Came to U.S. in 1874 as an ornamental } Yellow Toadflax is Often sold as an ornamental “Butter and Eggs”
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} Aggressive, highly competitive } Produces 500,000 seeds a season } Deep tap root can go 1 meter in soil } Lateral roots “Bud”
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no boundaries
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} Oblong spurge – B rated Euphorbia oblongata } Leafy Spurge – A rated Euphorbia esula Infests more than 5 million acres in 35 States
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} Extensive creeping roots
Latex Sap is toxic to many animals and humans
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} Spotted knapweed – A rated Centaurea maculosa } Diffuse knapweed – A rated Centaurea diffusa } Squarrose knapweed – A rated Centaurea squarrosa
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} Spotted Knapweed 400,000 seeds per plant Lateral roots reproduce } Diffuse knapweed Stems break off and plants tumble dispersing seeds } Squarrose knapweed Seed heads
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} Spotted and Diffuse are biennials. } Squarrose is a Perennial.
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} Spotted knapweed arrived on the west coast in 1893. } By 1920, had established itself in 24 counties, in 3
states } Now, Spotted knapweed has established itself in almost every county in the western U.S. } In Montana alone 5 million acres have been invaded
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} Lythrum salicaria } Introduced mid 1800 } Used ornamentally } Established in 40 States. } Costs approximately $45 million/year in control
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aggressive reproduction
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} Reproduces from Seeds Shoots Roots
Up to 300,000 seeds
per plant per year
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} Lepidium latifolium } Introduced 1936 } Perennial pepperweed peppercress, iron weed } Typically in seasonally wet or moist sites } Brings up salts from deep underground and deposits them on the surface.
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} Creates an extensive root system. 10 Foot depths } Spreads 10 feet/year } Habitat variations - sea level to 9000 feet. } Invaded all 48 of the contiguous states, except Arizona
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tall white top
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} Cardaria genus } Yreka - 1876 } Deep persistent roots } In 1 year a single plant spreads 12 feet produce 455 shoots ~ 4800 seeds
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} Cirsium arvense } Native to Europe } Introduced in the 17th Century in Canada } Riparian habitats
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} Extensive root systems vertical and horizontal roots extend 2-3 m
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} Onopordum acanthium } Biennials } Taproot } Seed Banks viable 7 – 10 years } 20,000 – 40,000 seeds per plant
J. M. DiTomaso
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} Acroptilon repens } Extensive Creeping Branching Roots } Accumulates zinc- 8x normal zinc levels in soils
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} Crawl space of recently built house } 3ft of soil excavated prior to building
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stinkwort
Annual Grows to about 3 feet Rapidly invading
Dittrichia graveolens
Aromatic Sticky hairy foliage Skin irritant
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Can taint milk and meat of livestock Seedheads can get imbedded in the intestinal wall of livestock
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} Centaurea melitensis } 1 to 60 seeds per head. } 1 to 100 heads per plant } Annual or biennial } Reproduces by seed
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} Centaurea sulphurea } 1923 Folsom } Can outcompete YST } Biology largely unkown
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Sicilian
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Isatis tinctoria Flowers are yellow with 4 petals Up to 10,000 seeds per plant. Can spread annually 100 acres Annual, biennial, or perennial Reproduces by seed Indigo dye
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•Ulex europaeus •Reproduces by seed •Seeds can last 30 years •Fire Fuel
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} California Invasive Plant Council http://www.cal-ipc.org/ } CDFA – Encycloweedia http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/phpps/ipc/ encycloweedia/encycloweedia_hp.htm