leds: new products, new rebates - efficiency vermont · • leds produce light in one color (red,...

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LEDs: New Products, New Rebates

Gabe Arnold, PE, LC and Dan Mellinger, PE

Better Buildings by Design ConferenceBurlington, VT

February 12th, 2009

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Agenda

• LEDs: Why all the Excitement?

• LED Fundamentals

• Evaluating LED Products

• Efficiency Vermont Rebates for 2009

• LED Case Studies in Vermont

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LED Lifetime Compared to Other Light Sources

18,000-40,000 hoursLinear Fluorescent

7,500-20,000 hoursMetal-Halide

~1,000-150,000 hoursHigh-Power White LED

8,000-12,000 hours

2,000-4,000 hours

750–2,000 hours

Range of Typical Rated Life

Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

Halogen Incandescent

Incandescent

Light Source

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The Bad News:

• It’s going to take time to bring these advancements to market

• Wide variation in performance of products currently on market

• Misleading and inaccurate literature a huge problem

• Good-performing LEDs are very expensive

• LEDs technically challenging to understand, evaluate, and use.

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Agenda






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What is Solid-State Lighting (SSL)

• Lighting that uses semi-conducting materials to convert electricity to light

• SSL is umbrella term encompassing different technologies

• Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

• Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

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What is an LED?

• Electrical device that produces light through movement of electrons in a semiconductor material

• Light is generated in the PN junction when a current is applied

Source: Lighting Research Center

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How are LEDs different from other lighting technologies?

Source: Rebecca Foster, CEE

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Source: Cree

•LEDs are inherently directional

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Source: Cree

• LEDs transfer heat through conduction, not convection, or radiation

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• LEDs don’t burn out, they get dimmer over time

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• LEDs produce light in one color (red, green, blue, etc.)

• Two ways to make white light:

Combine Blue LED with Yellow

PhosphorMix Red, Green, and Blue LEDs

Source: Cree

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Other Differences

• Controllable (low-voltage)

• Tolerant of cold temperatures

• Rugged (no filament to break)

• Mercury-Free

• Instant on

• Compact Size

• Industry (semiconductor, not light bulb)

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3 Ways LEDs save energy

1. Device efficacy (lumens per watt)

2. Inherent directionality

3. Better control of light

• No hot spots, less waste, better uniformity

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1: LED Device Efficacy

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2: Inherent Directionality

Incandescent

CFL

LED

17 LPW

80 LPW

60 LPW

X

X

X

60% Fixture Efficiency



95% Driver Efficiency

90% Thermal Efficiency

=

=

=

10 LPW

62 LPW

30 LPW

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2: Inherent Directionality

• In the early stages, LEDs will make the most sense in directional applications:

• Road and Area Lighting

• Recessed Downlights

• Undercabinet Kitchen Lights

• Etc.

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3: Better Control of Light

•Less Hot Spots Less overlighting•Better Uniformity Better Visibility, less light needed•Sharp Cut-off Less Waste over Property Lines

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Better Control of Light Example

250W MH Cobrahead 78W LED Cobrahead

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3 Drivers to LED Performance

1. Whose LED and what are the performance ratings?

2. Drive Current – How hard do we drive the LED with electricity?

3. Thermal Management – How well do we manage the junction temperature?

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• Commercially available LEDs range from:

• < 10 LPW 100+ LPW

• High LPW & Good Color LEDs cost $$$$

• Choosing a high-performance LED is a good first start!

1: LED Efficacy Rating

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• Increasing Drive Current Increases Light Output, but lowers Efficacy

2: LED Drive Current

Source: California PIER LED Evaluation Final Report, 2003

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• From BetaLEDLEDWayProduct Spec Sheet

LED Drive Current Example

Efficacy Calculation

@ 350 mA

5160 / 78 = 66 LPW

@ 700 mA

7950 / 167 = 48 LPW

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• From BetaLEDLEDWayProduct Spec Sheet

LED Drive Current Example

LED Lifetime

@ 350 mA

> 150,000 hours

@ 700 mA

47,000 hours

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3: LED Junction Temperature

Source: Cree XLamp

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3: Light Output vs. Junction Temperature

Source: Cree XLamp

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2 + 3: Effect of Drive Current and Junction Temperature on LED Lifetime

Source: Philips Lumileds

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Agenda






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Tools to Evaluate Products• Recessed, Surface, and Pendant Downlights

• Undercabinet Kitchen Lights

• Portable Desk Task Lights

• Fan/Light Kits

• Track/Rail Lights

• Cove Lighting

• Outdoor Porch Lights

• Outdoor Step Lights

• Outdoor Pathway Lights

• Plus, more and more on the way…

ENERGY STAR® LED Products have met minimum performance criteria based on testing to help ensureenergy efficiency, long life, and lighting quality.

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Tools to Evaluate ProductsS

LED Eligible Products List

•Will follow ENERGY STAR plus additional product categories

• Commercial Outdoor Lighting

• Commercial Track Lighting

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The Lighting FactsTM Labelwww.lighting-facts.com

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Current Standards in Place

• Light Output (lumens)

• Luminaire Efficacy (lumens per watt)

• Color Rendering (CRI)

• Color Temperature (CCT)

LM-79: Electrical and Photometric Measurements of Solid-State Lighting Products

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Current Standards in Place

• Lumen Maintenance testing through 6,000 Hours

• Can this data be used to predict the useful life of an LED Product?

LM-80: Measuring Lumen Maintenance of LED Light Sources

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Other Standards

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What Standards are we missing?

• A standard for predicting the useful life of LEDs

• Expected in 2009 (we hope)

• Some manufacturers doing it right

• L70 prediction based on temperature testing

• Design Standards

• How to account for lumen maintenance?

• And more…

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Evaluating an LED Product -Consumer

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What should we look for in Retail LED Products?


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Product Claims

• New, Cool Technology!

• Replace 45 Watts with only 5 Watts

• 30,000 Hr Life

• Heat-Free Technology

• “You’ll never change your bulbs again.”

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Actual Test Results (DOE CALiPER)

• 165 Lumens

Equivalent to 15W

• 31.7 Lumens per Watt

3X Efficacy of Incandescent

Other Claims• 30,000 hr life?

• Heat-Free Technology?

• “You’ll never change your bulbs again”?

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Evaluating an LED Product -Designer

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What should we look for as Designers?


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Thermal Management

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LM-79 Test Results:

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• Lifetime?

• LM-80 results do not predict lifetime

• Standard yet to be developed

• Look for:

• Robust Thermal Management

• L70 Lifetime Rating

• Reputable Manufacturers and Reasonable Claims

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• .IES Files

• Should use Absolute Photometry based on LM-79

• Relative Photometry not accurate with LEDs

• “-1” value in [Lamp Lumens] Field of .IES File

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IES File Example

Look for “-1”or note indicating absolute photometry

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IES File Evaluation

IES Files can also be evaluated using free photometric software from some manufacturers

• Lithonia Photometric Viewer

• Cooper Photometric Toolbox

• Others…

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Evaluating LED Products

Don’t forget about other criteria!

• Cutoff, Glare

• Distribution, Uniformity

• Warranty

• Quality Components

• Etc.

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Agenda






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Efficiency Vermont Role:

• Accelerate the adoption of good-performing LEDs in Vermont

• Help ensure that rebated products deliver the efficiency, lifetime, and lighting-quality benefits

• Increase availability and awareness

• Education and financial assistance

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2009 Residential Rebates

• Coupon currently available

• Look for more product coupons in 2009:

• Undercabinet Kitchen

• Task Lighting

• Outdoor Porch Lights

• Track/Rail Lights, plus more..

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2009 Commercial Rebates

• New 2009 LED Commercial Rebate Form

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* Rebate Amounts apply to Projects < 10,000 Sq. Ft. and less than 100 items. Custom rebates available for larger projects.

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• Look for the LED Eligible Products list on www.efficiencyvermont.com in late February 2009

• Expect short list of eligible products initially

• List will grow quickly through 2009

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Agenda






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LED Case Studies

Fixture Type Location

Exterior - Area Light Holiday Inn Express, Brattleboro

Exterior - Street Light Founders Memorial, Essex

Exterior - Canopy Light Short Stop Mobil, Derby

Interior - Track Light Orvis Outlet, Manchester

Interior - Down Light Denecker Chevrolet, Vergennes

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Applications – Area Light







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Existing Equipment

250 watt metal halide

(295 system watts)

Brattleboro, VT

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Brattleboro, VT

LED Solution

Beta LED EDGE Area Light

• 104 system watts (4-bar)

• 60 lumens per watt

• 75 CRI

• L70 life 150,000 hours

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Brattleboro, VT

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Brattleboro?

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Brattleboro, VT

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Brattleboro, VT

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Example Economics

Replace 250W MH with Beta LED EDGE Area Light

• Save 191 watts per fixture – 65%!

• Estimate installed cost $885 per fixture

• $100 Efficiency Vermont rebate

• 5.9 year payback(includes maintenance savings, assumes 4380 hours and $0.13/kWh)

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River Bend Market - Townshend, VT

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Lyndonville, VT

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Applications – Street Light







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Founders Essex, VTMemorial School

Existing Equipment


(290 system watts)

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LED Solution

Beta LEDway Street Light

• 78 system watts


• 75 CRI


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Example Economics

Replace 250W MH with Beta LEDway Steet Light





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Applications – Canopy Light







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Short Stop Mobil - Derby, VT

Existing Equipment


(455 system watts)

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LED Solution

LSI Crossover Canopy Light

• 130 system watts (100 LED)


• 75 CRI


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Example Economics

Replace 400W MH with LSI Crossover Canopy Light





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Derby, VT

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Derby, VT

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Applications – Track Light







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Manchester, VT

LED Solution

Eco-Story PAR30 Lamp

• 8 watts


• 83 CRI

• L70 life TBD(estimated 40,000 hours)

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Example Economics

Replace 50W PAR30 with Eco-Story LED lamps


• Estimate cost $65 per lamp

• Custom Efficiency Vermont rebate

• 2.3 year payback before incentive(includes maintenance savings, assumes 3500 hours and $0.13/kWh)

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Applications – Down Light







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Denecker Chevrolet - Vergennes, VT

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LED Solution

Cree LR6 LED Downlight

• 12 system watts


• 92 CRI


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Example Economics

Replace 65W BR30 with Cree LR6 downlight


• Estimate cost $110 per fixture



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Essex, VT

leds: new products, new rebates - efficiency vermont · • leds produce light in one color (red,...

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