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Topics to be covered:

a.) Electric Field

b.) Electric field linesc.) Electric field due to system of charges

d.) Electric Flux

ELECTRC FEL!

"ccerleartion

F#$"

Test charge %%&ource charge

Draw vectors pointing along the direction of the electric eld with their lengthsproportional to the strength of the eld at each point. Since the magnitude ofelectric eld at a point decreases inversely as the square of the distance of thatpoint from the charge, the vector gets shorter as one goes away from the origin,always pointing radially outward

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E is strong near the charge, so the density of eld lines is more nearthe charge and the lines are closer. Away from the charge, the eld gets weakerand the density of eld lines is less, resulting in well-separated lines.

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Consider ow of a liquid with velocity v, through small at surface dS, in adirection normal to the surface. !he rate of ow of liquid is given "y the volume

crossing the area per unit time v dS and represents the u# of liquid owingacross the plane.

A$%& volume

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'ate of ow( volume)time&&ds$d#)dt&&*.ds

!urned pipe and straight +ipe(

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um"er of electric eld lines crossing a specic area proportional to (

Can take the e#ample of Sphere when a point charge is present in the centre(

lu#& $/0$/1)'1 $ 2+i '1

Practical demonstration:

Effect of electric field on proton and electron in some external field:

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umerical(