lecture3 planned change
TRANSCRIPT
Nature of Planned Change
• Change that happens to an organization is planned by its members
• OD is directed at bringing about planned change to increase:
–Organization’s effectiveness
–Capability to change itself
Functions of Planned Change• Solve organizational problems• Learning from experiences
(benchmarking)• Reframe shared perceptions• Adapt to external environmental changes• Improve performance• Influence future changes
Theories of planned change
• Planned change- the focus is “how to implement change in organizations
• Theories of Changing
–Frameworks that describe the activities that must be performed in order to start and carry out organizational change
Lewins’ Change Model
• Kurt lewin provided the earliest model of change
• Change as a modification of forces keeping the systems behavior stable.
• Behaviors are results of 2 groups of forces:– Striving to maintain the status quo– Pushing for change
Cummings & Worley, 8e (c)2005 Thomson/South-
Western
2-7
Lewin’s Change Model
Unfreezing
Movement
Refreezing
Lewin’s Change Model: Unfreezing
• Creating a guiding coalition• Developing a vision and strategy• Communicating the change vision• Scouting• Entry • diagnosis
Cummings & Worley, 8e (c)2005 Thomson/South-
Western
2-8
Movement
• Empowering broad based action
• Generating short term wins
• Planning
• actionsCummings & Worley, 8e
(c)2005 Thomson/South-Western
2-9
Refreezing
• Anchoring new approaches in the culture
• Stabilization
• evaluation
Cummings & Worley, 8e (c)2005 Thomson/South-
Western
2-10
Action Research Model
• Planned changed as a cyclical process.
• Research will provide information to guide subsequent actions
Action Research Model
• It is aimed at:
–Helping specific organizations implement planned change
–Developing general knowledge that can be applied to other settings.
Cummings & Worley, 8e (c)2005 Thomson/South-
Western
2-13
Action Research Model
Feedback to ClientData gathering after
action
Problem Identification
Joint action planningConsultation with a behavioral scientist
Data gathering & preliminary diagnosis
Joint diagnosis
Action
The Positive Model
• Different from other models that are deficit based
• Positive model focuses on what the organization is doing right
• Positive organizational scholarship- focuses on positive dynamics in organizations that give rise to extraordinary outcomes
The Positive Model
• AI- appreciative inquiry- reformist and rebellious form of social constructionism
• AI infuses a positive value orientation into analyzing and changing organizations
The Positive Model
• Encourages positive orientation on how change is conceived and managed
• Promoted broad member involvement creating a shared vision about the organizations’ positive potential