Characteristics of BARI Released Varieties of Rapeseed & mustard

Md. Mubarak Ali, SSO

Rapeseed and mustard (Brassica sp.)

Rapeseed and mustard are the major oil crops of Bangladesh and they contribute

about 70% to the total oil production of the country. Every year rapeseed and mustard covers

about 75% of total oilseed area. However, with our own production we can meet up only one

third of our total oil requirement. The remaining amount is imported. Its per hectaress yield is

about 950 kg/ha. It is a cool loving crop and grows during rabi season. Though mustard is the

main oilcrop in Bangladesh, its cultivation is very neglected. Total production and per

hectare yield can be increased applying improved technologies. Mustard seed contains 40-

45% oil and 20-25% protein. Oil cake is a nutritious food item for cattle and fish. Oil cake is

a good organic fertilizer. Dry mustard plant may be used as fuel. Among the Brassica family

B. campestris and B. juncea are mainly grown in the Bangladesh. Recently we are also able

to develop to B. napus varieties which are cultivated in suitable areas.

There are some distinct morphological differences between the species. Therefore

they do not freely cross with each other in nature. Another feature is that brown sarson of B.

campestris are self-incompatibile type. The yellow seeded type contained more oil than the

brown sarson ones. In Bangladesh only B. campestris and B. juncea are grown of which B.

campestris occupies 75-80% area. Recently efforts are being made to introduce B. napus as a

high yielding crop.

The Oilseed Research Centre has released 13 rapeseed and mustard varieties till to date,

which comprises 6 Brassica campestris, 4 Brassica juncea, and 3 Brassica napus. They are

different in genomic composition and chromosome number as shown in the Table 1 and the

origin of the cultivated amphidiploid are shown in Fig. 1.

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Table 1. Genomic composition and chromosome number of Brassica spp.

Species Genome Chromosome No. Ploidy level

Brassica nigra BB 16 Diploid

Brassica oleracea CC 18 Diploid

Brassica campestris AA 20 Diploid

Brassica juncea AABB 36 Amphidiploid

Brassica napus AACC 38 Amphidiploid

Brassica carinata BBCC 34 Amphidiploid

B. nigra (BB=16)

B. carinata B. juncea (BBCC=34) (AABB = 36)

B. oleracea B. napus B. campestris (CC=18) (AACC=38) (AA=20)

Fig. 1. Genomic composition and chromosome number of Brassica spp.

Brassica campestris (Toria)

Tori 7

Improved Tori 7 is the shortest in hieght and short durated variety. It is 760-70 cm in

plant height. It has 3.5 primary branches and there are secondary branches also. Leaves are

sesile and base of the leaves is clasped stem fully. The variety can be grown as and early

crops. General planting time of this variety lies between mid Oct. to mid Nov. But in the high

land area it can be earlier than that time, in the northern districts i.e. Rajshahi, Dinajpur,

Panchgar, Thakurgaon and Ranpur where winter comes early, Tori 7 can be shown early. The

first flower comes at 25 - 30 days after sowing. Flowering is completed within 10-15 days

after first flower. Newly opened flowers remain above the buds. It takes 75-80 days to

mature. Siliquae are two chambered with 14-15 seed per siliqua. Thousand seed weight is

2.50- 2.65 gm. Seeds are brown in color. Oil content of seed is 40-41%.

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Kalyania (TS-72)

Plant height ranges from 75-90 cm. It has 3-5 primary branches. . Leaves are sesile

and base of the leaves clasp stem fully. Newly opened flowers remain above the buds. First

flower opens at 25-30 days after seedling emergence. Flowering is completed with in 10-15

days. After first flowering it takes 80-85 days to mature. Each plant has 70-80 siliquae. Each

siliqua has 15-18 seeds. Seeds are purple in color. Seed yield is 10 -15% higher than the yield

of Tori-7 under improved management condition. Seed yield ranges from 1400-1600 kg/ha.

Oil content of seed is 41-42%.

Sonali Sarisha (SS-75)

Plant height of Sonali sarisha is 90-120 cm. Stems are thicker and stronger than the

Tori-7. Plants are erect types. Stems of the plant are very strong and are not lodged easily. It

has primary branches but almost no secondary branches. Seeds are yellow in color and bolder

than the Tori-7. Thousand seeds weight ranges from 3.75 to 4.00 gm. Number of siliquae per

plant varies from 50-70. Siliqua is four chambered. No. of seeds per siliqua ranges from 30-

35. Leaves are smooth and the base of the tender leaf clasp the stem fully. First flower opens

after 30-35 days after emergence of seedlings. To complete the life cycle it takes 90-100

days. Under improved cultural practice seed yield ranges from 1800-2000 kg/ha. Oil content

of seed is 44-45%.

BARIsarisha 6

Plant height of this variety is 100-125 cm. Stems of the plant are very strong and are

not lodged easily. It has 4-7 primary branches per plant with some secondary branches.

Leaves are sesile. Tender leaves clasp the stem fully. Newly opened flower remains above

the buds. Siliqua of this veriety is longer than the Tori 7, Sampad and Kalyania. The beak of

the siliqua are also prominent than the Sampad. Siliquae are two bipartite. each siliqua

contains 24-27 seeds. Seeds are yellow in color with 44-45% oil content. It matures with in

90-100 days like Sonali Sarisha and Sampad. This variety is moderately tolerant to leaf

blight. Yield potential of this variety is ranges from 2000-2200 kg/ha under good

management condition.

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BARIsarisha-9

Base of the tender leaves clasp stem fully. Newly opened flower remains above the

buds. The plant has 4-6 primary branches and there are some secondary branches. Number of

siliqua per plant is 80-100. Siliqua is bipartite. Each siliqua 15-20 seeds. Seeds ape purple in

color. Field duration of this variety is 85-90 days. The yield of this variety is 1200-1400

kg/ha if the improved management practice are provided. It produces 20-25% higher yield

that the traditional Tori-7. Under delayed sown condition yield decreases dustrically. Under

present cropping pattern this variety can be grown in between transplanted Aman and Boro

rice.

BARIsarisha 12

Base of the tender leaves clasp stem fully. Newly opened flower remains above the

buds. The plant has 4-6 primary branches and there are some secondary branches. Number of

siliqua per plant is 80-100. Siliqua is bipartite. Each siliqua 15-20 seeds. Seeds ape purple in

color. Field duration of this variety is 85-90 days. The yield of this variety is 1200-1400

kg/ha if the improved management practice are provided. It produces 20-25% higher yield

that the traditional Tori-7. Under delayed sown condition yield decreases dustrically. Under

present cropping pattern this variety can be grown in between transplanted Aman and Boro

rice.

BARIsarisha 14

The variety BARIsarisha 14 is erect type, almost absence of secondary branches and

semi dwarf having plant height 75-85 cm (Table-2 ). The line took 80-85 days to mature

(Table 4 & 5). Number of siliquae per plant is 50-65. Siliquae are robust like tetra partite and

each siliqua contains 22-26 seeds. Seeds are bold (3.5-3.8g/1000 seed) and yellow in colour.

The line gave an average seed yield of 1426 kg/ha under optimum management condition

and that was about 6% higher than BARI sharisha-9 (Table-1). Oil content is 43 % which is

about 2% higher than the other brown seeded B. campestris varieties.

The line is almost self compatible type which helps to produce considerable yield at adverse

weather condindition like foggy weather, absence of pollinating agent and rainfall etc. during

flowering stage

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BARIsarisha 15

The line BCWY 03 is white flowered, erect type, plant height 90-100 cm, almost

absence of secondary branches. The line took 80-83 days to mature (Table 1, 4, 6 & 7).

Number of siliquae per plant is 70-80. Siliquae are robust and each siliqua contains 20-22

seeds. Seeds are bold (3.25-3.50g/1000 seed) and yellow in colour. The line gave an average

seed yield of 1639 kg/ha under optimum management condition and that was about 10%

higher than BARI sharisha-9 (Table 2). Oil content is 42.5 %, which is about 1.5 % higher

than the other brown seeded B. campestris varieties. The line is almost self compatible type

In absence of pollinating agent yield reduction was found less compared to brown seeded

Tori-7 and BARIsarisha-9 (Table 5). The proposed line BCWY 03 requires only 50 days

(after flowering) for full maturation of seed, while all the other Brassica campestris varieties

needed 55-60 days.

Brassica juncea (Rai group)

Rai 5

It is traditional variety. Plant height of this variety is 120-135 cm. Leaves are with

petiole, rough and dented margin at the margin. It produces 4-6 primary branches and many

secondary branches but lower than the Tori 7. Full bloomed flowers are always remain below

the buds. Siliquae are two chambered with 12-14 seed per siliqua. Seeds are smaller than the

seeds of Tori 7. Seeds are reddish brown in color. Oil content of the seeds lower than the Tori

7 seeds (39-40%). It takes 100-+110 days to mature. Yield is 1100-1200 kg/ha.

Daulat

It can be easily separated from RAI 5. Plant height ranges from 100-125 cm. It 4-8

primary branches and several secondary branches. In every plat no. of siliquae per plant

ranges from 115-125. siliquae lies parallel to the main stem(semi appressed) on the other

hand in Rai 5 siliqua develop making 40-70 degree angle with the main stem. Leaves are

with petiole and deep green in color edge of leaves are serrated. Each siliqua contains 12-14

seeds. Seeds are in smaller in size and red brown in color. It flowers after 30-35 days of

emergence and matures with in 95-105 day. Seeds contain 39-40% oil. Yield potential of

this variety 1250-1450 kg/ha under optimum management condition.

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BARIsarisha 10

Leaves are rough and hairy and with prominent leaf stalk. Plants are comparatively

shorter than the Rai 5. This variety is drought and moderate salt tolerant. So as a late variety

it can be cultivated in the northern and southern districts after harvesting T. Aman rice .

Stems and roots of the plants are strong. it has 4-6 primary branches and some secondary

branches. Branches start from the base of the plant. Plant height is 90-100 cm. There are 100-

120 siliquae in each plant and siliqua is two chambered. in each siliqua there are 12-15 seeds.

Seeds are purple in color. Field duration of this variety is 85-95 days. It is to remember that it

planting time

of mustard is delayed then this variety is very suitable for late planting for getting a

reasonable yield . Yield potentials of this variety is 1250-1450 kg/ha under good

management condition.

BARIsarisha 11

BARI Sarisha 11 is a high yielding juncea variety. Plant height ranges from 125-150 cm. It 4-

8 primary branches and several secondary branches. In every plat no. of siliquae per plant

ranges from 125-165. Siliquae of BARI Sarisha 11 develop 45-70 degree angle with the

main stem. Leaves are with petiole and deep green in color edge of leaves are serrated. Each

siliqua contains 12-14 seeds. Seed size are bigger than the seed of Rai 5 and Daulat and red

brown in color. It flowers after 30-35 days of emergence and matures with in 100-110 days.

Seeds contain 39-40% oil. Yield potential of this variety 2000-2400 kg/ha under optimum

management condition.

Brassica napus (Napus sarisha)

BARIsarisha 7

Leaves of this variety are deep green in color, smooth and hairless. Its leaves like

cauliflower leaf. Leaves are without petiole and leaf base clasped the half portion of the stem.

Open flower always lies below the bud. Siliqua is long, two chambered and each siliqua

contains 25-30 seeds. Seed size is bigger than the seeds of other Bangladeshi varieties.

Weight of 1000 seeds is 3.5 g. Seed color is purple black. Plant height lies between Torti-7

and Sonali Sarisha (0.8-1.0 m0. Flower color of this variety is white. First flower opens

within 25-30 days after sowing. Duration of flower is longer. It takes 95-100 days to mature.

Yield potential of this variety ranges from 2000 to 24oo kg/ha.

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BARIsarisha 8

Leaves are deep green, smooth hairless and look like leaves of cauliflower. Leaves

are without petiole and base of the leaf clasped half of the stem. Open flower lies below the

bud. In each plant hectare are 60 to 70 siliqua. Siliqua is long, two chambered and each

siliqua contains 25-30 seeds. Seeds are big and 1000-seed weight is 3.5 g. Seeds are blackish

in color. Plant height is 0.8 to 1.0 m. There are 4-5 primary branches per plant. Flowers are

yellow in color. First flower is seen after 25-30 days of sowing. Duration of flowering stage

is longer than the other varieties. It takes 95-100 days to mature. Per hectare yield ranges

from 2100 to 2400 kg/ha.

BARIsarisha 13

Leaves are deep green, smooth hairless and look like leaves of cauliflower. Leaves

are without petiole and base of the leaf clasped half of the stem. Open flower lies below the

bud. In each plant there are 65 to 75 long bipartite siliqua. Each siliqua consists of 25-30

seeds. Seeds are big and 1000-seed weight is 3.7-3.9 g. Seeds are blackish in color. Plant

height is 0.8 to 1.0 m. There are 5-6 primary branches per plant. Flowers are yellow in color.

First flower is seen after 25-30 days of sowing. Duration of flowering stage is longer than the

other varieties. It takes 90-95 days to mature. Per hectare yield ranges from 2200 to 2800

kg/ha. Like BARIsarisha-8, siliquae undergoes shattering after full maturity of seeds.

Therefore, the crop is to be harvested immediately after the seeds turn purple black and 60-

70% of the siliquae becomes yellowish in colour.

Quality seed production of Rapeseed and Mustard

Rapeseed and mustard are highly cross pollinated crops. Brown sarson of B.

campestris are self incompatible variety. Bees and insects help in the pollination of Brassica

crops. The bees mainly move around the mustard field before noon. So the insecticides or

any other pesticides should be sprayed in the evening if required. There are at least 500 m.

distance between the plot of intra species varieties to produce quality seed. The off type plant

should be removed before anthesis as well as post flowering. After maturity the harvested

plant to be stacked 2/3 days to ensure the maturity of the immature seed. B. napus varieties

are shattering type. When the 60-70% siliquae of these varities are in yellow in color than the

plants to be harvested.

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