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Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras

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Page 1: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Lecture Notes –

Geologic Eras

Page 2: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Geologic TimescaleThe geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era (PC).

o There are not many fossils from the Pre-Cambrian

o but it makes up 80 %

of the earth’s history.

Page 3: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Geologic TimescaleThe three more recent eras the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic Eras:

“-zoic” comes from the Greek word “zoe” which means “life”.

Page 4: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Geologic Timescale“Paleo-” means “ancient”, so Paleozoic means “ancient life”.“Meso-” means “middle”, so Mesozoic means “middle life”.“Ceno-” means “recent”, so Cenozoic means “recent life”.

Page 5: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Geologic TimescaleThe geologic timescale is not like a historical timescale with decades and centuries. There is not a set number of years per time division. Rather, each time division is distinguished by events that happen to signal the “end of an era”.

Page 6: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Geologic TimescaleThe four eras are divided up into 15 periods:3 Pre-Cambrian Periods (PC 4.55 bya to 542 mya

Hadean (pA) - 4.55 – 4.00 bya no life forms

Archean (A) - 4.00 – 2.50 bya bacteria

Proterozoic (PL) - 2.50 – 0.542 bya (542 mya) –

simple life forms

Page 7: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Precambrian Era: 4.6 - .542 b.y.aHadean – 4.55 bya – 4.00 bya • Earth and solar system still forming.• No rocks, except meteorites, are this old.•Great Iron Catastrophe - Molten iron sinks to the core; crust solidifies. This event marks the end of the Hadean Period.

Update: Geologists have found a

4.28 by old rock in northern Quebec. So now there is one rock this old!!

Page 8: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Archaeozoic Period – 3.8 bya – 2.5 bya Earliest fossils appeared – bacterial, 3.5 bya

Life forms did not need oxygen - anaerobic

Oxygen was produced by stromatolites: photosynthetic colonies of bacteria.

3.8 bya: oldest known rocks

2.8 bya: 2/3 continents created

Page 9: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Proterozoic period – 2.5 bya - .542 bya• algae, jellyfish and worms appear 1.5 – 1.0 bya

Page 10: Lecture Notes – Geologic Eras. Geologic Timescale The geologic timetable is divided into 4 major eras: The oldest era is called the Pre-Cambrian Era

Proterozoic period – 2.5 bya - .543 bya Gondwana forms

from Africa, South America, Australia, India and Antarctica - 650 mya

First signs of oxygen build up in the atmosphere 2.5 bya.o Caused the first

major extinction.

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