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Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Page 1: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

Lecture Notes 5Integumentary

System

Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

Page 2: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Structure •Epidermis•Dermis• Subcutaneous tissue

•Accessory organs•Glands•Hair•Nails

5 INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Page 3: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Function•Covers and shields outer body surfaces•Sweat and oil glands produce secretions•Contains an intricate network of sensory receptors•Regulates body temperature, pain, and pressure•Melanocytes produced in basal layer gives color to the skin

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Page 4: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Structure and Function ExerciseQ: What does the term integument mean?A: Refers to the skin.Q: What are the accessory structures of the skin?A: Hair, nails, and glands (sweat and oil)Q: What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer of tissue? A: Binds the dermis to underlying structures; stores fats, insulates

and cushions the body, and regulates temperature.Q: In the basal layer, what specialized cells protect the skin from

damaging effects of the sun?A: Melanocytes, which produce melanin.Q: Which accessory organs produce oil?A: Sebaceous glands.

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Page 5: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Basal Cell CarcinomaSigns and

Symptoms• Malignancy of

basal layer is commonly caused by repeated overexposure to the sun.

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Page 6: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Basal Cell CarcinomaSigns and Symptoms (continued)• Locally invasive tumor, but rarely

metastasizes.• Tumors grow slowly, but commonly

ulcerate.• Tumors usually occur on the face.• Predominant in fair-skinned men

older than 60 years.

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Page 7: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Basal Cell CarcinomaTreatment• Size, shape, location, and invasiveness of

the carcinoma determine type of treatment.• Curettage and electrodessication.• Cryotherapy and laser therapy.• Chemotherapeutic drugs.• Surgical excision (used in 90% of the

cases). • Irradiation or chemosurgery.

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Page 8: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Clinically Related ExerciseQ: Mr. T is advised that the basal cell carcinoma on his face will not spread

but will remain local. Nevertheless, it will destroy underlying and adjacent tissue. The term for spread of CA from one part of the body to another site is called _____________.

A: metastasis.Q: A 70-year-old male is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma due to

overexposure to the sun. He is advised that the most common site of this skin cancer is the _____________.

A: face.Q: After closely examining a growth on Ann’s arm, she is informed that it is

noncancerous. The dermatologist charts the noncancerous growth as (benign, cancerous, malignant).

A: benignQ: Mr. J is diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and asks the nurse to explain

this type of cancer.A: She explains it is a malignancy of the basal layer of skin, commonly

caused by repeated overexposure to the sun.

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Page 9: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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AbscessSigns and

Symptoms• Localized collection of

pus at infection site (characteristically a staphylococcal infection).• A furuncle, or boil, is

an abscess in a hair follicle and adjacent subcutaneous tissue.

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Page 10: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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AbscessSigns and Symptoms (continued)• A carbuncle is a cluster of furuncles in the

subcutaneous tissue.• Affected portion of skin may be extremely

tender, painful, and swollen.• Abscess may enlarge, soften, and open,

discharging pus and necrotic material.• Erythema and edema may persist at the

site for days or weeks.• Mild fever may accompany this condition.

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Page 11: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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AbscessTreatment• Cleaning infected area thoroughly

with soap and water.• Applying hot, wet compresses to

promote vasodilation and drainage from lesions. • Administering topical antibiotics.• Incision and drainage (I&D) may be

necessary after lesion has matured.

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Page 12: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Clinically Related Exercise Q: Mrs. K presents with redness and edema on the neck.

The term to describe reddening of the skin is ____________.

A: erythema, erythamatousQ: Upon diagnosis of a furuncle, the nurse explains that this

is an infection caused by a/an (bacterium, injury, virus).A: bacteriumQ: The physician charts a cluster of furuncles in the

subcutaneous tissue as a ________________.A: carbuncleQ: Sue is diagnosed with an abscess on her knee. She asks

the nurse to explain this condition.A: She explains it is a localized collection of pus at the

infection site, characteristically caused by the bacterium known as staphylococcus.

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Page 13: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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PsoriasisSigns and

Symptoms• Circumscribed red

patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales.

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PsoriasisSigns and Symptoms (continued)• Excessive development of the basal

layer• of the skin.• Affected areas typically appear dry,

cracked, and encrusted.• Buildup of skin is composed of living and

dead tissue.• Common sites include scalp, knees,

elbows, umbilicus, and genitalia.

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PsoriasisTreatment• Depends on the type of psoriasis,

extent of the disease, and the effect of the disease on the patient.• No cure; treatment is only palliative.• Topical application of various

medications, such as coal tar, vitamin D, corticosteroid drugs, and wet dressings.

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PsoriasisTreatment (continued)• Photochemotherapy called PUVA with

exposure to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light to slow hyperkeratosis.• Ultraviolet-B (UVB) light therapy or natural

sunlight to retard cell production.• Excrimer laser, a more powerful form of

UVB light therapy, is directed to the plaques to control scaling and inflammation.

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Clinically Related Exercise Q: Joan K is diagnosed with psoriasis. The physician

explains that the most common sites of psoriasis are the ________________.

A: scalp, knees, elbows, umbilicus, and genitaliaQ: Mr. M presents for treatment of psoriasis with ultraviolet

(UV) light therapy. The doctor explains that UV therapy retards cell production and slows horny  growths on the skin. Overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis is a condition called (keratoid, keratolysis, hyperkeratosis).

A: hyperkeratosis Q: For chronic psoriasis, a powerful form of UVB light

therapy directed to the plaques is effective in controlling scaling and inflammation. This type of laser is called

_____________ ___________.A: excrimer laser

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Medical Vocabulary•acne•allograft•alopecia•autograft•contusion•debridement•dermatomycosis•diaphoresis

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Medical Vocabulary(continued)

• gangrene• hematoma• hirsutism• impetigo• macule• petechia• pilonidal

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Medical Vocabulary (continued)

• pyoderma• scabies• sebaceous• steatoma• subcutaneous• vulgaris• xenograft

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Diagnostic Procedures•Biopsy•Skin test• Intradermal allergy test reactions.

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Page 22: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Word Building ExerciseQ: Inflammation of skin: A: dermatitisQ: Instrument to cut skin:A: dermatome, dermatotomeQ: Tumor (consisting) of fat: A: adipoma, lipoma, steatomaQ: Excision or removal of a nail:A: onychectomyQ: Skin that is blue (in color):A: cyanoderma

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Page 23: Lecture Notes 5 Integumentary System Classroom Activity to Accompany Medical Terminology Systems, Sixth Edition Barbara A. Gylys ∙ Mary Ellen Wedding

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Medical and Surgical Procedures

•Debridement• I&D•Mohs surgery•Skin graft• allograft• autograft• synthetic• xenograft

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Clinically Related ExerciseQ: Mr. Y presents to have foreign material removed from

his wound and avoid the development of an infection. The therapeutic procedure is charted as (allograft, cryotherapy, debridement).

A: debridementQ: Joan F presents to the clinic to remove a basal cell

carcinoma from her face. The doctor freezes and destroys the lesion with nitrogen. This therapeutic procedure is known as (cryotherapy, debridement, UV).

A: cryotherapy.Q: Patient X is informed that pus will be removed from her

abscess by incising and draining it. The procedure is abbreviated as ______.

A: I&D

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Clinically Related Exercise(continued)Q: The surgeon informs Lydia T that layer by layer her

tumor will be excised until it is removed. What type of surgery is this called?

A: Mohs surgeryQ: Mr X, a burn patient, is given a transplant of healthy

tissue from his son. What type of transplant is this known as?

A: allograftQ: John, a fireman who suffers from chemical burns, is

having healthy tissue transplanted from a pig. What type of transplant is this called?

A: xenograft

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Pharmacology•Antibiotics•Antifungals •Antipruritics •Corticosteroids

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Clinically Related ExerciseQ: To treat a skin infection, the physician prescribes

a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).A: antibioticQ: Mary broke out with a poison ivy rash after a

camping trip. A topical drug is prescribed to decrease inflammation and itching. This drug is called a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).

A: corticosteroidQ: Mrs. K is diagnosed with ringworm and is treated

with a/an (antifungal, antibiotic, corticosteroid).A: antifungal 

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