lecture 2011.04a: fundamentals patent law (digital sustainability)

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Digital Sustainability in the Knowledge Society Fundamentals of Patent Law Dr. Marcus M. Dapp Board OKF Germany / IT Strategist, City Government Munich 17.10.2011

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Page 1: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

Digital Sustainabilityin the Knowledge Society 

Fundamentals of Patent Law

Dr. Marcus M. DappBoard OKF Germany / IT Strategist, City Government Munich

17.10.2011

Page 2: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Patents

Page 3: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Basic concept of patents

• Protect “technical inventions”• ideas/concepts, not specific forms

• Exclusive right to prevent others from• making, using, selling, importing

• Application fee• Describe invention (disclosure)

• List of claims determine scope• Checked by patent examiner

IdeaConcept

FormExpression

Page 4: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Patent claims determine scope of patent

Page 5: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Preconditions for Patentability

• Patentable subject matter• Eligible for patent protection

• 3­step test• Novel (»prior art«, »Stand der Technik«)• Non­obvious (US) / inventive step (EU)• Useful (US) / industrial application (EU)

(WP: Patentability)

Page 6: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Patent scope

• Time• Duration of exclusive rights protection

• “Space”• Breadth (horizontal)?• Depth (follow­up innovations)?

Show Black Duck patent ...

Page 7: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Patents and cumulative innovation

• Cumulatie innovations• Innovations resulting from previous 

innovations, e.g., IT and biotech

• Dependencies between innovations• Use and reproduce previous innovations

• Optimal strategy?• »deep« patents cover

following innovations

Page 8: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Patent examination

• A lot of rules• A lot of applications• Leading to

• Big backlog • Little examination time (2h/appl.)

Page 9: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Rules, rules, rules

• 30 MB PDF• 23 MB HTML• (text only!)

Page 10: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Applications,applications,applications

• 1 M• USPTO• EPO

Page 11: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Comparing copyright and patents

 Same, same, but different … 

Page 12: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Copyright & Patents – Commonalities

• Exclusive (monopoly) rights• (Main) rationale: Monetary incentive• State­granted• Time­limited

=

Page 13: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Copyright & Patents – Differences I

• Protects expression

• Original works• Automatic• Gratis• Boundaries clear• Exceptions

• Protects expression

• Original works• Automatic• Gratis• Boundaries clear• Exceptions

• Protects idea• “3­step” inventions

• Submit application• Application fee• Boundaries fuzzy

• »Claims«

• Disclosure(!)

• Protects idea• “3­step” inventions

• Submit application• Application fee• Boundaries fuzzy

• »Claims«

• Disclosure(!)

Page 14: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Copyright & Patents – Differences II

• Difficult to infringe• indep. creation• »piracy« easy to 

detect

• Little limitation for other creators

• small piece of creative space

• Difficult to infringe• indep. creation• »piracy« easy to 

detect

• Little limitation for other creators

• small piece of creative space

• Easy to infringe• indep. invention• high monitoring 

costs• Considerable limits 

to others

• Strategic patenting• Block competition• patent races

• Easy to infringe• indep. invention• high monitoring 

costs• Considerable limits 

to others

• Strategic patenting• Block competition• patent races

In general, patents show higher transaction costs than copyright.

Page 15: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Term “intellectual property”

• Is notion of “property” adequate?• Different types function differently

• copyright ≠ patents ≠ trade marks

• Make clear what you are talking about!

Page 16: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

How should software be protected?

• Which system makes more sense to protect software? Why?

• Pro /Con for copyright?• Pro / Con for patents?• Pro / Con for other solution(s)? • Pro / Con for no protection?

• 5’ interaction with neighbours• Share in plenary

3-5-1 interaction

Page 17: Lecture 2011.04A: Fundamentals Patent Law (Digital Sustainability)

   

Next session: How software is actually protected ...