lecture 2 ch1.pptx

8/17/2019 Lecture 2 Ch1.pptx

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Transportation Engineering (CE 653)

Chapter 1: Lecture 2

Rajesh K

!epart"enEnginee

ace"



12 *odes o# Transportation

• *at are t*e modes of transportation/

• *at are t*e modes of transportation of epal/

&'('1! Ra)es* +*ad,a- acem



+arious *odes o# Transportation,Tran

1) -ri"ar& *odesa% 0and Transportation #i% Hi*wa or Roadwa #ii% Railwa

b% ir Transportation #viation% irwas #i% Domestic #ii% 5nternatio

c% ater Transportation aterwas #i% 5nland #ii% Coastal #iii% 6ce

d% 7ipeline Transportation 7ipewas #i% ater #ii% 8as #iii% $ewer #

2) .econdar& *odese% Ropewas 9 Cablecars : Tuins- 8irlin

f% Canals #i% 5rriation Canal #ii% aviation Canal #iii% $torm ater D

% ;elt Conveors

*% 6t*ers




13 Co"parison /et0een +arious *odTransportation

1. Road Transport

2. Rail Transport

3. ir Transport




d$antages o# Road Transport1. 0ow capital investment

2. Door to Door $ervice

3. ide eorap*ical coverae

4. $ervice in Rural reas 9 0are in<uential area

&. =le>ible $ervice

!. $uitable for $*ort Distance 9 ?conom

@. 0esser Ris, of Damae in Transit

(. $avin in 7ac,in Cost 9 0ow cost of pac,ain

A. Rapid $peed 9 Buic, and assured deliveries

1. 7rivate 6wned Ve*icles 9 7ersonalied travel and service

11. =eeder to ot*er Modes of Transport

12. Hi*est emploment potential

13. $afet&'('1! Ra)es* +*ad,a- acem



!isad$antages Road Transport

1. $easonal ature

2. ccidents and ;rea,downs 9 $afet3. Ensuitable for 0on Distance and ;ul, TraFc

4. $low $peed

&. 0ac, of 6raniation

!. 0and coverae

@. ?nvironmental pollution(. Relativel Ensuitable for 0on Haulae 9 Eneconom

A. ?ner consumption

1. 7ar,in




d$antages o# Rai% Transport

1. Dependable

2. ;etter 6ranied3. Hi* $peed over 0on Distances

4. $uitable for ;ul, and Heav 8oods

&. C*eaper Transport

!. $afet

@. 0arer Capacit

(. 7ublic elfare

A. dministrative =acilities of 8overnment

1. ?mploment 6pportunities




!isad$antages o# Rai% Transport

1. Hue Capital 6utla

2. 0ac, of =le>ibilit

3. 0ac, of Door to Door $ervice

4. Monopol

&. Ensuitable for $*ort Distance and $mall 0oads

!. ;oo,in =ormalities@. o Rural $ervice

(. Ender9utilised Capacit

A. Centralied dministration




d$antages o# ir Transport

1. Hi* $peed

2. Comfortable and Buic, $ervices

3. o 5nvestment in Construction of Trac,

4. o 7*sical ;arriers

&. ?as ccess

!. ?merenc $ervices

@. Buic, Clearance

(. Most $uitable for Carrin 0i*t 8oods of Hi* Value

A. ational Defence

1. $pace ?>ploration




!isad$antages o# ir Transport

1. Ver Costl

2. $mall Carrin Capacit

3. Encertain and Enreliable

4. ;rea,downs and ccidents

&. 0are 5nvestment

!. $pecialied $,ill

@. Ensuitable for C*eap and ;ul, 8oods

(. 0eal Restrictions




Road Transport

ocus o# IE Transportation Engineeri

Course is on Road Transportation on




acground o# Road Transport o# 4e

• T*e road densit is considered to t*e lowest amon t*e $oCountries.

• T*e road densit of $trateic Road etwor, #$R% w*ic* *of around @&G ll9weat*ered road is (.4A ,m per 1 s.,

• 6ut of 12-4A3 ,m- &1G of t*e $R is paved w*ile 3!G are13G are raveled.

• round &G of t*e $R is et to be pavedI

• Two District HBs Dolpa and Humla are et to be connecteational Road etwor,.

• 6ut of @& district *eaduarters- !@ district *eaduarters ro*ave been made all weat*er.




Transport Means in epal

• Roads and Hi*was9 Ma)or means of transportaserves more t*an AG movements of people an

• J ir Transport9 covers about (G of total movemt*e countr

• J Railwas9 6nl &2 ,m narrow aue

• J aterwa9 Commerciall ot +os*i aviaa7ro)ect




1 istorica% !e$e%op"ent o# Roads anConstruction in 4epa%

11 istorica% !e$e%op"ent o# Roads

• =ootpat* and trail networ, for *auntin and "s*in purposes

• 5nvention of w*eel : around 3& ;C

• ider trails

• T*e "rst *ard surface was discovered in Mesopotamia #ow 5ra% at a• Roman Roads

• Treseuet Roads

• TelfordK$ Construction

• Macadam Construction

• Modern Roads




Ro"an Roads




Tresaguet Road (1768 i"p%e"ented in 1e9*arie9;r<"e Tr;saguet #1& anuar 1@1! : 1@A!% =renc* enineer


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France



Te%#ord's Construction8 1=>3 !

Tho"as Te%#ord #A uust 1@&@ : 2 $eptember 1(34%

$cottis* civil enineer- arc*itect and stonemason-&'('1! Ra)es* +*ad,a- acem

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemason

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonemason

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_engineer



*acada" Construction8 1=27 !

hn *acada"8 ritish Engineer




*odern Roads

• DiNerent tpes of bituminous roads

• Cement concrete roads




12 Road Construction in 4epa

• istor& o# Roads o# 4epa%




• Road construction in epal *as been rat*er *ap*aard.

• T*e main reason of t*is is probabl t*at t*e responsibilit of placonstruction and maintenance *as been s*ared b more t*an on

suc* as VDC- DDC- D6R- municipalities etc.

• Construction and maintenance of ma)or and important roads li,*i*was and =eeder roads are carried out b D6R #Department

• Man wide roads wit* *ard surface in epal #particularl in +at*

*ave been developed durin MallaKs period.

• T*ese roads were basicall intended to *orse driven carts.

• T*ese roads consisted of *ard bro,en bric, over w*ic* <a ston

laid over a base of lime concrete.&'('1! Ra)es* +*ad,a- acem



• T*e Trub*uwan Ra)pat* connectin +at*mandu to ;*aise on t*e omle,*an) was built under 5ndian overnment in 213 ;.$.

• +at*mandu was connected to t*e outside world b motor able road in t*e p224 ;.$.

• 5n 212 ;.$.- t*e @@ ,m Hetauda9araanad* road was ta,en up and co;.$.

• 5n 2@ to 232 ;.$.- t*e road development strate was adopted continues- wit* t*e feeder roads to t*e interior mountain areas of t*e ort*in t*e sout* e>pandin raduall.

• T*e eastern section of ?ast9est *i*wa was successfull completed on ;.$. and lin,s to 7o,*ara from sout* as well as +at*mandu

• 5n t*e followin of ?ast9est Hi*wa i.e. up to 242 ;.$.- east of epalanwit* sini"cant section of ort*9$out* routes and connection wit* ?ast9est




East9?est igh0a&• 5n 2@ to 232 ;.$.- t*e road development strate was adcountr continues- wit* t*e feeder roads to t*e interior moun

t*e ort* and Terai towns in t*e sout* e>pandin raduall.

• T*e eastern section of ?ast9est *i*wa was successfull ct*e mid of 22@ ;.$. and lin,s to 7o,*ara from sout*+at*mandu

• 5n t*e followin of ?ast9est Hi*wa i.e. up to 242 ;epalan) was completed wit* sini"cant section of ort*9and connection wit* ?ast9est Hi*wa.




• ?ast west *i*wa forms t*e bac,bone of t*

networ, lin,in all "ve development reions anconnections between *e ma)or economic centers and roads lin,in into t*e *ills.

• Total lent* 124 ,m





The Current Initiati$e (chie$e"ent,-ro



The Current Initiati$e (chie$e"ent,-roin Transport .ector o# 4epa%

• 5nitiation of aduna Tunnel #$isne +*ola to ad2.4& ,m% under t*e loan and tec*nical assis8overnment of apanI bein "rst tunnel pro)ects in r

• Completion of ;anepa9$ind*uli9;ardibas Road connectin +at*mandu to ?astern teria reio

curtailin t*e *ue )ourne time.• Construction of ort*9$out* Corridor Road to access and to improve t*e trade between Terai anReion area and C*ina border.


The igh%ights and Ke& %%ocations o# the udg



The igh%ights and Ke& %%ocations o# the udgisca% @ear are:

• Construction of +at*mandu9Terai =ast9trac, to bein in 21

overnment *as allocated Rs 1 ;illion in =O 21&'21!I

• =easibilit of Metro and Monorails to be completed in 21overnment *as allocated Rs ( Million in =O 21&'21!I

• 7R 3.1A billion for 7ostal Hi*wa #Hula,i Road%I

• 7R 1.A& billion for Mid Hill Hi*wa wit* an aim of com

*i*wa wit*in ne>t t*ree earI• 7R &4 billion for t*e construction of 12& brides of $R t*is

• ( ,m of trac, of $R openedI

• @ ,m of road of $R upraded- re*abilitated and reconstr


uture Transport In#rastructure



Proposed Railroad

Tarai East-WestRailway

Mid-Hill East-WestRailway & Road

Kath-Birganj Railway

Kath- Hetauda FastTrac Road






Source: RITES Feasibility Study Report - 2






Kath"andu Ku%ehani etauda



Kath"andu Ku%ehani etaudaTunne% Road




• Road length from Hetauda to Kathmandu: 227 km with travel time

• Hetauda-Naraanghat-!ugling-Kathmandu: highest traffi"ked roa

• #hort "ut route out of the valle

• Ne$al %ur&adhar 'ikas (om$an )imited: &uild own o$erate and KKH* Highwa.

• +% "om$ilation ,%rivate %u&li" %artnershi$ and %eo$le


Road 4et0ors in the Region



Road 4et0ors in the RegionCurrent Road length (!" per

1#000 s$ ! land area

Current Road leng

10#000 peo





16 C%assiAcation o# Roads (4R.



16 C%assiAcation o# Roads (4R.

• epal Road $tandards922@#=irst Revision 24& and $eco2@%- in s*ort called 4R.92>7>- s*all appl to all $trate

rural areas bein constructed wit*in epal. =or non9straRoads% and urban roads separate standards s*all be cons

• it* t*e ob)ectives of ac*ievin consistenc in road construction- R$ was "rst introduced b D6R in ;.$. 2

revised in ;.$ 24& Minor revisions were made in ;.$ 2&& to incorporate certain c*anes- w*ic* were reletime of revisions. ;ut t*ose revisions were treated separan oFcial version of t*e R$922@.


R d C% iA i



Road C%assiAcation

• s per R$ 92@

. dministrative classi"cation

;. Tec*nical classi"cation


d"inistrati$e C%assiAcation



d"inistrati$e C%assiAcation

• 5ntended for assinin national importance and

overnment responsible for overall manaememet*ods of "nancin.

1. ational Hi*wa

2. =eeder roads

3. District Roads and4. Erban Roads


1 4ationa% igh0a&s



1 4ationa% igh0a&s

• ational Hi*was are main roads connectin ?a

and ort* to $out* of t*e ation.

• T*ese serve directl t*e reater portion of tdistance travel- provide consistentl *i*er level oterms of travel speeds- and bear t*e inter9mobilit.

• T*ese roads s*all be t*e main arterial routes passit*e lent* and breadt* of t*e countr as a w*ole.

• T*e are desinated b letter PHQ followed b number.


2 eeder Roads



2 eeder Roads

• =eeder roads are important roads of localied natu

• T*ese serve t*e communits wide interest anDistrict Headuarters- Ma)or economic centrecentres to ational Hi*was or ot*er feeder roads

• T*e are desinated b letter P=Q followed b 39di


3 !istrict Roads



3 !istrict Roads

• District Roads are important roads wit*in a distr

areas of production and mar,ets- and connectinot*er or wit* t*e main *i*was.


Br/an Roads



Br/an Roads

• Erban Roads are t*e roads servin wit*in t*e urban

municipalities.


• 5n epal t*e overall manaement of 4ationa% igh0a&sRoads comes wit*in t*e responsibilit of t*e Department of



• T*ese roads are collectivel called $trateic Roads etwor, #$

• District Roads and Erban Roads are manaed b Departm5nfrastructure Development and ricultural Roads #D605DR

• T*ese roads are collectivel called 0ocal Roads etwor, #0R


Technica%, unctiona% C%assiAcat



Technica%, unctiona% C%assiAcat

• =or assinin various eometric and tec*nical parameters for

are cateoried into classes as followsC%ass I

• Class 5 roads are t*e *i*est standard roads wit* divided caraccess control #?>presswas% wit* DT of 2- 7CE or moperspective period. Desin speed adopted for desin of t*is cin plain terrain is12 ,m'*.

C%ass II

• Class 55 roads are t*ose wit* DT of &92 7CE in 2 rperiod. Desin speed adopted for desin of t*is class of roterrain is 1 ,m'*.


C%ass III



• Class 555 roads are t*ose wit* DT of 29& 7CEperspective period. Desin speed adopted for desin oof roads in plain terrain is ( ,m'*

C%ass I+• Class 5V roads are t*ose wit* DT of less t*an 2 7C

perspective period.

• Approximate equivalence with road classifcationcountries is as ollows: class I roads correspond to exclass II – to arterial roads, class III - to collector roads anto local roads.





Rura% Road C%assiAcation



1 !istrict Road (Core net0or)

• n important road )oinin a VDC HBKs oFce oreconomic centre to t*e district *eaduarters- va nei*bourin district *eaduarters or t*e $Road etwor,.

2 +i%%age Road• $maller roads not fallin under District Roa

etwor,% cateor are Villae Roads- includinriculture Road.


lecture 2 ch1.pptx

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