lecture 19 changeconflictcrisis 3 war on terror
DESCRIPTION
Loos at the war on terror and its construction and failureTRANSCRIPT
Crisis and crisis management in the
war on terror
Change, Conflict
and Crisis
3
EUA 601 and 620 Contemporary World Arena
9-111
origins2
crises3
managing crises4
perceiving crises5
the attacks1
acts of violence that are intentionally directed at non-combatants for the purpose of securing political objectives
(Philips 2020: 137)
Al-Qaeda and ‘transnational terror’
Use of aircraft and low technology
Part of a broader pattern
BaliMadrid
London
Major impact on US foreign and
domestic policy, and on US allies
everyth ing
two hours that
Halliday 2001
“ changed
changed the world
Where did it come from?2
terrorists
sub-humans
freedoms haters
barbarians and savages
evil-doers
But beyond pain and rhetoric…
serious thinking suggests
it’s more complex
1991change in balance of power
Decoupling
of Cold War proxy relationships
crises3
borderlandsAutonomous civil wars in
failed states and
ungovernable zonesHelman and Ratner 1992; Kaplan 1994
Security-development nexus
managing crises4
Bush doctrine
to forestall or prevent such
hostile acts by our
adversaries, the United
States will, if necessary, act
pre-emptively in exercising
our inherent right of self-
defence
National Security Strategy, 20 Sept 2002
Mixture of ‘traditional’ measures against states and ‘globalised’ actions
Rise of drone warfare based in (e.g.) Pakistan
Moral certitude
Military primacy
M. East democracy
Legitimised by UN and ‘coalition of the willing’
but
Extension into Iraq legitimacyundermined
perceiving crises5
crisis for whom?
why was 9/11 welcomed by some
US supports ME d i c t a t o r s
Persistent interventions in
the borderlands
US foreign policy has…
strutted around for a century, without saying ‘thank you’,
or ‘please’…
Western universalizing project
Liberal terrorPropensity to flatten whatever disagrees with US policy, in the name of the liberal peace
Brad Adams
9-11 As
response to
us hegemony
since 1991
http://drones.pitchinteractive.com/
Meaning in IR6
Crisis in the
global systemCrisis of the
global system
Crisis of
participants
legitimate response to
?violentamerican
hegemony
Or
?primitivism,
barbarism, extremism
Who are the ‘terrorists’?
How useful is it to use such terms ?
To demonise, dehumanize and
delegitimize ?
to confiscate the word humanity, to invoke and monopolize such a
term… has certain effects, such as denying the enemy the quality of
being human and declaring him to be an outlaw of humanity; and a war
can thereby be driven to the most extreme inhumanity
Carl Schmitt, The Concept of the Political
since all such acts are barriers to communication
Conclusion
nothing changes everything
George Will (2005)“
Little… has changed. The forces of globalization continue
unabated... The issues of the day… are largely the same.
Across broad measures of political, economic, and social
data, the constants outweigh the variations. And United
States' foreign policy is marked by no greater strategic
clarity than it had on Sept. 10, 2001
Dobson, 2006:1 “
Violence from hegemonic power inevitable to maintain status
realism
Attacks are war of ideas, beliefs and supremacy
constructivism
Violence sanctioned and
condoned by collective
security rules
liberalism
Opportunity to further goals of neoimperialism
marxism