lecture 16
DESCRIPTION
Lecture 16. Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place. Web Lecture 16 Class Lecture 25 – Thursday 4/14/2011. Bioreactors Monod Equation Yield Coefficients - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of
chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.
Lecture 16
Web Lecture 16Class Lecture 25 – Thursday 4/14/2011
BioreactorsMonod EquationYield CoefficientsWashout
2
Last LectureA given enzyme can only catalyze only one reaction. Urea is decomposed by the enzyme urease, as shown below.
NH2CONH2 UREASE H2O 2NH3 CO2 UREASE
S E H2O P E
SESE 1k
SESE 2k
EPWSE 3k
Michaelis Menten Equation
SKSVrr
MSP max
The corresponding mechanism is:
3
Bioreactors
Nutrient (S) +
+ Products
cells more cells
4
SS
SCg CK
CCr
max
SKSV
rrM
SP max
5
Bioreactors
6
7
inoculum
t=0 time
8Cells + Substrate More Cells + Product
Bioreactors
Bioreactors
9
Exponential Growth Phase
Death Phase
Stationary Phase
Lag Phase
0 time
lnCc
a) Phases of Bacteria growth:I. Lag II. Exponential III. Stationary IV. Death
b) Monod growth rate law: SS
SCg CK
CCr
max
VvDLet /0
10
Mass Balances:
Accumulation = [In] - [Out] + [Growth] - [Death]
dgCCC VrVrCvCv
dtdCV 000
Bioreactors
dgCCC rrCCD
dtdC
)( 1 0
Rate Laws:
3 rg kOBSmaxCS
KS CS
CC
4 kOBS 1 CP
CP*
n
Cp*= Product Concentration at which all metabolism ceases
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dgCCC rrCCD
dtdC
)( 1 0
2 dCS
dtD(CS0 CS ) rS
Bioreactors
Stoichiometry:
SCCS Y
Y'1'
A.) Yield Coefficients
cellsnewproducetosubstrateofmassformedcellsnewofmassY SC '
productformtoconsumedsubstrateofmassformedproductofmassY SP '
B.) Maintenance
CPSPCSgS mCYrYrr
5 m mass of substrate consumed for maintainence
mass of cellstime
12
Bioreactors
produced) cells of grams(consumed) substrate of grams(' CSY
CPSPCSgS mCYrYrr ''
13
Stoichiometry: Rate of Substrate Consumption
Can’t separate substrate consumption used for cell growth from that used for product formations during exponenial growth.
CCSgS mCYrr '
Bioreactorsv0CS0
V=V0vCCCS
Volume=V
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1) Mass balance:
(cells) 0 0 VrrCvdtdCV dgC
C
(product) 3
2
1
rate)(dilution 1
)(substrate
(cells) 0
0
0
000
0
PPP
SSSS
dgCC
SSSS
dgCC
rDCdtdC
rCCDdtdC
rrDCdtdC
VvD
VrCvCvdtdCV
VrrCvdtdCV
Bioreactors
15
2) Rates:
4 rg maxCS
kS CS
CCKOBS
5 KOBS 1 CP
CP*
n
6 rP YP /Crg
7 rS YS /Crg mCC
8 rD kDCC 3) Parameters:
VDVvCvmCvmCDmyykknC
PpC
SCPCSDSP
, , , , , , , , , , , ,
000
0//*
max
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Bioreactors
Polymath Setup1.) d(CC)/d(t)=-D*CC+(rg-rd)2.) d(CS)/d(t)=-D*(CS0-CS)-Ysg*rg-m*CC
3.) d(CP)/d(t)=-D*CP+YPC*rg
4.) rg=(((1-(CP/Cpstar))**0.52)*mumax*(CS/(KS+CS))*CC5.) D=0.26.) kd=0.017.) rd=kd*CC
8.) CS0=2509.) YPC=5.610.) m=0.3
11.) mumax=0.3312.) YSC=12.513.) KS=1.7
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Bioreactors – Chemostats - CSTRs
CCSS
SgC CC
CKCrDC
max
SS
S
CKCD
max
1. Steady State - Neglect Death Rate and Cell Maintenance
VrDVC gC 02. Cell
DDKC S
S
max18
D
DKCYCCYC SSSCSSSCC
max00
VrVCCD SSS 00
CCSgCSSSS DCYrYrCCD //0
3. Substrate
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Bioreactors – Chemostats - CSTRs
CSTR Washout
0
0max
SS
SW CK
CD
0CC
CCc DC
VCv
Vm
0
D
DKCDYDC SSSCC
max0
CC
DWD
CC
20Washout dilution rate
Bioreactors
How does this figure relate to drinking a lot of fluids when you have an infection or cold?
0SS
0SmaxW CK
CD
0SS
Smaxprodmax CK
K1D
DCC
DWD
Dmaxpro
d21
Maximum Product Flow Rate
End of Web Lecture 16End of Class Lecture 25
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