lecture 13 storage management
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Lecture 13 storage management. xlanchen@05/20/2005. Contents. The Evolution of Windows 2000 Storage Partitioning Storage Drivers Multi-partition Volume Management The Volume Namespace. Some terms. Disks Sectors Partitions Simple volumes Multipartition volumes. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
计算机系•信息处理实验室
Lecture 13 storage management
xlanchen@05/20/2005
xlanchen@05/20/2005 Understanding the Inside of Windows 2000 2计算机系
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Contents
The Evolution of Windows 2000 Storage
Partitioning
Storage Drivers
Multi-partition Volume Management
The Volume Namespace
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Some terms
Disks SectorsPartitions Simple volumesMultipartition volumes
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The Evolution of Windows 2000 Storage
MS-DOS
multiple partitions, logical disks
MSDOS could format each partition with a different file system type (FAT12 or FAT16) and assign each partition a different drive letter
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Windows NT disk spanning and fault tolerance volumes drawbacks
most disk-configuration changes require a reboot before taking effect the Windows NT 4 registry stores multipartition disk-configuration information for MS-DOS-style partitions an upper limit on the number of possible local and remote volumes
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Partitioning
Windows 2000 manages all disks as basic disks unless you manually create dynamic disks or convert existing basic disks (with enough free space) to dynamic disks
Basic disks Disks that rely on the MS-DOS-style partitioning scheme
Dynamic disks support multipartition volumes
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Basic Partitioning
System volume For boot files, including the boot loader (Ntldr) and Ntdetect
Boot volume For operating system files such as Ntoskrnl.exe, the core kernel file
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MBR
Master boot record (MBR)
MBR code
Partition table
Primary partitions
Extended partition
Active partition
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Dynamic Partitioning
Logical Disk Manager (LDM) subsystem LDM maintains one unified database that stores partitioning information for all the dynamic disks on a system—including multipartition-volume configuration
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Internal dynamic disk organization
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LDM database layout
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database table database entry
partition, disk, component, and volume
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Storage Drivers
multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)
Advanced RISC Computing (ARC)
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Disk Drivers
Disk storage driver architecture
Storage class driver
Storage port driver
Miniport driver (OEM supply)
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Device Naming
Device objects Disk names:
\Device\HarddiskX\DRX Partition object
\Device\Harddisk0\DP(1)0x7e000-0x7ff50c00+2
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Basic Disk Management
FtDisk\Winnt\System32\Drivers\Ftdisk.sys
creates disk device objects representing volumes on basic disks manages all basic disk volumes
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Dynamic Disk Management
DMDiskManager (Dmdskmgr.dll)
DMAdmin
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Database interpretingDMConfig (Winnt\System32\Dmconfig.dll) DMBoot (Dmboot.sys)
DMIO a bus driver creates a device object for each dynamic disk volume
\Device\HarddiskDmVolumes\PhysicalDmVolumes\BlockVolumeX
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DMIO driver device objects
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Multipartition Volume Management the partitions that make up a volume can be located on discontiguous partitions or even on different disks Spanned volumes Mirrored volumes Striped volumes RAID-5 volume
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Spanned Volumes
A spanned volume is a single logical volume composed of a maximum of 32 free partitions on one or more disks
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Striped Volumes
A striped volume is a series of up to 32 partitions, one partition per disk, that combines into a single logical volume.
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Logical numbering of physical sectors on a striped volume
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Mirrored Volumes
In a mirrored volume, the contents of a partition on one disk are duplicated in an equal-sized partition on another disk
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RAID-5 Volumes
A RAID-5 volume is a fault tolerant variant of a regular striped volume.
striped volume with parity
Fault tolerance is achieved by reserving the equivalent of one disk for storing parity for each stripe
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the parity for stripe 1 the parity for stripe 2
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Volume I/O Operations Related components
FSD
volume managers & volume managers
I/O manager
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DMIO I/O operations
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The Volume Namespace
The Mount Manager
Mount Points
Volume Mounting
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The Mount Manager
A new driver in 2K, Mountmgr.sys drive letters dynamic disk volumes & basic disk volumesHKLM\SYSTEM\MountedDevices
\??\Volume{X} (where X is a GUID)??\C:
Every volume has a volume name entry, but a volume doesn't necessarily have an assigned drive letter.
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Example
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Mount Points
A new mechanism to 2Klet you link volumes through directories on NTFS volumes, which makes volumes with no drive-letter assignment accessible important technology: reparse point
Mount points are reparse points that store a volume name ( \??\Volume{X}) as the reparse data
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Volume Mounting