lecture 13
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Microprocessor and Microcontroller Based Systems Instructor: Eng.Moayed N. EL MobaiedThe Islamic University of GazaFaculty of EngineeringElectrical Engineering Department EELE 4315 Fall 2010
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DiscussionWhat are some components of a computer?What is a Microprocessor?A Microcontroller?An Embedded System?
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Components of a ComputerCentral Processing UnitInterprets and carries out all the instructions contained in softwareMemoryUsed to store instructions and dataRandom Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM)Input/OutputUsed to communicate with the outside world
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MicroprocessorA single chip that contains a whole CPUHas the ability to fetch and execute instructions stored in memoryHas the ability to access external memory, external I/O and other peripheralsExamples:Intel P4 or AMD Athlon in desktops/notebooks8085,8086, Z80
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MicrocontrollerEssentially a microprocessor with on-chip memories and I/O devices
Designed for specific functions
All in one solution - Reduction in chip countReduced cost, power, physical size, etc.
ExamplesPic16f84,pic18f452, MC68HC11, at89c51
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Embedded SystemSpecial purpose computer system usually completely inside the device it controlsHas specific requirements and performs pre-defined tasksCost reduction compared to general purpose processorDifferent design criteria PerformanceReliabilityAvailabilitySafety
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Why Study Microcontroller ?The course may serve several purposes:Build useful applicationsPractice programming and debugging skillsUnderstand the inside of computerIt paves the way to learning computer design, operating systems, compilers, embedded systems, security and other topics.Microcontrollers have everything in a typical computer: CPU, memory and I/O.
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Microcontroller
Whats the difference?Microcomputer Microcontroller
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Microcontroller
What is a microcontroller? What are some common applications of these?
A microcontroller is a simple computer on a single silicon chip that cost only a few dollars.They are useful in washing machines, toasters, and cars.
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MicrocontrollerAll modern automobiles contain at least one microcontroller, and can have as many as six or seven.
The engine is controlled by a microcontroller, as are the anti-lock brakes, the cruise control and so on.
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MicrocontrollerAny device that has a remote control almost certainly contains a microcontroller: TVs, VCRs and high-end stereo systems all fall into this category.
Digital cameras, cell phones, camcorders, answering machines, laser printers, telephones (the ones with caller ID, 20-number memory, etc.), pagers, and feature-laden refrigerators, dishwashers, washers and dryers.
Basically, any product or device that interacts with its user has a microcontroller buried inside.
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History of Microprocessors1950s - The beginning of the digital era and electronic computing
1969 Intel is a small startup company in Santa Clara with 12 employeesFairchild, Motorola are large semiconductor companies; HP and Busicom make calculators
1971 Intel makes first microprocessor the 4-bit 4004 series for Busicom calculators
1972 Intel makes the 8008 series, an 8-bit microprocessor, ATARI is a startup company Creates a game.
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History of Microprocessors1974 the first real useful 8-bit microprocessor is released by Intel the 8080 Motorola introduces the 6800 series Zilog has the Z80
1975 GM and Ford begin to put microcontrollers in cars Many cars today have over 100 microcontrollers TI gets into the microprocessor business with calculators and digital watches
1977 Apple II is released using MOS 6502 (similar to motorola 6800). Apple II dominated from 1977 to 1983
1978 Intel introduces the first 16-bit processor, the 8086Motorola follows with the 68000 which is ultimately used in the first Apple Macintosh
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History of Microprocessors1981 IBM enters the PC making market and uses the Intel 8088 proliferation of the home computer
1982-1985 Intel introduces the 32-bit 80286 and 80386
1989 80486 is being used in PCs, able to run Microsoft Windows
1992 Apple, IBM and Motorola begin to make PowerMac and PowerPCs using Motorola chips
1993 Pentium chip is released
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller lab
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Microcontroller
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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Packing machine
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