Nursing College

Ms.Elham Saad

- Human anatomy : study of the structure of the human

body and the relationship of its constituent parts to

each other.

- Histology : study of tissues [including the cells] by means

of a microscope.

- Neuroanatomy : study of the nervous system, both by

gross anatomy and microscopically.

Introduction to Anatomy

Terms Definit ion

Anatomicalposition

the person is standing erect, with the upper

limbs by his sides and the face and palms

of the hands are directed forward.

Median sagittal plane

It is a vertical plane passing through the

center of the body, dividing it into 2 equal

halves right and left.

Para median plane

Any plane that lies parallel to the median

plane on the right or left sides.

Terms Definit ion

Coronal planes: vertical planes at right angles to the median plane.

Horizontal (transverse) planes

at right angles to both the median and coronal planes.

Terms Meaning Median on the midline.

Medial nearer to the median plane.

Lateral away from the median plane.

Anterior near to the front of the body.

Posterior near to the back of the body.

In the hand: Palmar:Dorsal:

anteriorposterior

In the foot:Plantar:

Dorsal:

anterior posterior

Paramedian plane medial

lateral

median

Proximal

Distal

Terms Meaning Proximal near to the root of the

limb.Distal Far away from the root

of the limb.

Superficial near to the surface of the body.

Deep far away from the surface of the body.

Superior near to the upper end

of the body.

Inferior far away from the upper end of the body.

Terms of movements

Joint: the site where 2 or more

bones meet.Movements in the sagittal plane:

1.Flexion: usually approximating

two anterior surfaces together

but sometimes two posterior

surfaces as in the knee joint.

2. Extension: straightening the joint

and usually takes place in a

posterior direction.

Movements in the coronal plane:1. Lateral flexion: movement of the

trunk or the head in the coronal plane.

2. Abduction: movement of the limb away from the midline of the body.

3. Adduction: movement of the limb toward the body.

In the hand: Abduction and adduction of fingers are

movements away from and toward the middle finger (the axis).

In the foot: Abduction and adduction of fingers are

movements away from and toward the second toe (the axis).

Terms Definit ions Rotation movement of a part of the body around its

long axis.

Medial rotation anterior surface of the part faces medially.

Lateral rotation anterior surface the part faces laterally

Pronation of the forearm

medial rotation of the forearm where the palm of hand faces posteriorly.

Supination of the forearm

the lateral rotation of the forearm where the palm of hand faces anteriorly.

Terms Definit ion

Circumduction

combination of flexion, abduction,

extension, and adduction in sequence.

Protraction forward movement Retraction Backward movement Inversion movement of the foot so that the sole

faces medially.Eversion movement of the foot so that the sole

faces laterally.

Movements of the thumbTerms Definit ion

Flexion movement of the thumb medially across the palm in the coronal plane.

Extension movement of the thumb laterally away from the palm in the coronal plane.

Abduction movement of the thumb anteriorly away form the palm in the sagittal plane.

Adduction movement of the thumb posteriorly toward the palm in the sagittal plane

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