lecture 1 course introduction and geology of the chesapeake bay
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Lecture 1 Course Introduction and Geology of the Chesapeake Bay. Lecture Outline. ICourse Introduction A)Instructor Introduction B)Course Overview i.Times and Location ii.Required Texts iii.Class URL and Web Resources C)Course Schedule i.Important Dates - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lecture 1
Course Introductionand
Geology of the Chesapeake Bay
Lecture OutlineI Course Introduction
A) Instructor IntroductionB) Course Overview
i. Times and Locationii. Required Textsiii. Class URL and Web Resources
C) Course Schedulei. Important Datesii. Structure
D) Policiesi. Attendance and Participationii. Gradingiii. Honor Codeiv. Laboratory
E) TestsII Why Study Geology?
Lecture 1i
III Geology of the Chesapeake BayA) Formation of the Chesapeake BayB) Characteristics and Importance of the BayC) Geography of the BayD) Physiographic Provinces of the Bay Drainage Area
i. The Appalachian Plateauii. Ridge and Valley
- Appalachian Mountain Section- Great Valley Section
iii.Blue Ridgeiv.Piedmont
- Mesozoic Lowlands Section- Piedmont Lowland Section- Piedmont Upland Section
v. Coastal Plain
E) Chesapeake Bay Bolidei. Event
Lecture 1ii
Lecture Outline
III Geology of the Chesapeake BayE) Chesapeake Bay Bolide
ii. Influence- Stratigraphy- Geomorphology- Groundwater- Modern Sea Level Changes
IV Conclusions
Lecture 1iii
Lecture Outline
Stephen B ParsonsOceanography 327
683-6058 (offc)581-5223 (cell)
Office Hours: Daily 1030-1230; other times by appointment
Lecture 1I.A
Instructor Information
Course OverviewGoal
This course gives an introduction to physical geology, which includes the basic materials and processes that form the earth, the application of scientific methodology to
understanding the earth, and the processes that shape and change the earth. Special attention will be paid to the concept of the rock cycle and the theory of plate tectonics.
Meeting TimesMondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, 1200-1250
TextsPlummer, C.C., McGeary, D., and Carlson, D.H., 2002. Physical Geology, 9th edition,
McGraw-Hill, 574pp.Busch, R.M. And Tasa, D., 2002. Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology, 6th edition,
Prentice-Hall, 288 pp.
Class URL http://www.ocean.odu.edu/~spars001/geology_111/index.html
Lecture 1I.B
09/26/03 Exam 1 Composition of the Earth
10/31/03 Exam 2 Historical Geology and Geomorphology
12/05/03 Exam 3 Earth Architecture and Geophysics
12/12/03 Comprehensive Final Exam
Lecture 1I.C
Course Schedule
Scale
Lecture 1I.D
WeightsExams 1-3 1/3 of final gradeFinal Exam 1/3 of final gradeLaboratory 1/3 of final
grade
AttendanceGrading
A A- B+ B B- C+ C C-
93 -100 90 - 92 87 - 89 83 - 86 80 - 82 77 - 79 73 - 76 70 - 72
Honor CodeLaboratory
Course Policies
Lecture 1I.E
T F 1. The Earth's lithosphere is composed entirely of crustal material.
True/False
Multiple Choice
Tests
Short Answer
____ 2. Approximately how old is the Chesapeake Bay?(a) 1,000 years (d) 1,000,000 years(b) 10,000 years (e) 10,000,000 years(c) 100,000 years
3. Name four of the eight rock-forming minerals common to igneous rocks.
Why Study Geology?provides information on the structure of the Earth, its evolution and the processes that shape it
preserves the history of our planet providing insights into lost worlds of Earth's past
provides clues to Earth's past and future climate
links the very large with the very small
provides the food we eat and the water we drink
provides the raw materials of everyday life and teaches us about their conservation
provides information to help prepare for geologic hazards
Lecture 1II
Formation of Chesapeake Bay
Lecture 1III.A
Lecture 1III.B
Characteristics and Importance of the Chesapeake Bay
Largest Estuary in the United StatesWhat is an estuary?
Supports more than 3600 species2700 plant species348 species of finfish173 species of shellfish29 species of waterfowl
Commercial resource500 million lbs seafood/year2 major ports
Recreational resource
Geography of the Chesapeake Bay
Lecture 1III.C
Geography of the Chesapeake Bay
Lecture 1III.C
Length: 332 kmWidth(max): 56.3 kmWidth (min): 5.5 kmArea: 11,400 km2
Depth (ave): 6.4 mShoreline: ~19000 kmAve. Tidal Range: 0.3 m - 1.0 mVolume: 6.813 x 1013 l
Geography of the Chesapeake Bay
Lecture 1III.C
Drainage Area: 165,800 km2
50% of H2O from Atlantic Ocean
50% of H2O from freshwater sources
50% from Susquehanna~90% from western rivers~10% from Eastern Shore streams
Physiographic Provinces
Lecture 1III.D
Physiographic ProvincesThe Applachian Plateau
Lecture 1III.D.i
elevated plateau with dendritic drainagepattern
280 million years ago it was a marshy seathe horsetail ferns that populated that sea
have been compressed and now form the large coal seams that run through the region
heavily forestedgreatest rainfall of all Chesapeake Bay
provinces
Physiographic ProvincesRidge and Valley
Lecture 1III.D.ii
parallel ridges and valleys of the Applachian Mountains form an alternating pattern. slightly lower in elevation from Appalachian Plateau mountainous soils composed of clay and clay loams as
well as sandy and stony loams. deep limestone soils make this region extremely fertile dry climate
Physiographic ProvincesThe Blue Ridge
Lecture 1III.D.iii
narrow line of old mountains extending from Carlisle, PAsouth to Gainesville, GA
some rocks are 1.2 billion year old granitessedimentary rocks here were formed when Africa was
ripping away from Virginia forming the IapetusOcean early in the Cambrian
Physiographic ProvincesThe Piedmont
Lecture 1III.D.iv
gently rolling topographydeeply weathered bedrock composed of
igneous and metamorphic rocks, some from ancient volcanic island arcs
some rocks may have been formed outsideNorth America
Triassic basins includealluvial fan conglomeratestropical lake and mudflat deposits
Triassic basins
Physiographic ProvincesThe Coastal Plain
Lecture 1III.D.v
youngest rocksterraced landscape bounded on west by Fall Lineunderlain by wedge of sediments increasing
in thickness with distancefrom the fall zone (A) to more than 4000m under shelf
1200m of young sediments cover the Chesapeake Bay impact structure
Chesapeake Bay Bolide
Lecture 1III.E
Chesapeake Bay BolideEvent
Lecture 1III.E.i
35 million years agobillions of kg of water instantly evaporatedbillions more shot 100km into atmospheretsunamis 1.2km high
Graphics: Michael Hall, Virginian-Pilot
Chesapeake Bay BolideInfluence on Stratigraphy
Lecture 1III.E.ii
USGS
USGS
Chesapeake Bay BolideInfluence on Geomorphology
Lecture 1III.E.ii
Michael Hall, Virginian-Pilot
Chesapeake Bay BolideInfluence on Groundwater
Lecture 1III.E.ii
Michael Hall, Virginian-Pilot
USGS
Chesapeake Bay BolideInfluence on Modern Relative Sea Level
Lecture 1III.E.ii