FACTORS INFLUENCING CHILD DEVELOPMENTa)Nature & Nutureb)Individual Differences

ZAINAB HJ NAWAB KHAN

GROWTH

•CAN BE MEASURE –CALCULATE •PHYSICAL CHANGES •VISIBLE•HAS LIMIT

DEVELOPMENT

•CANT BE MEASURE / CALCULATE BUT CAN SEE THE DIFFERENCES IN THE DEVELOPMENT

•NO LIMIT

DOMAINS OF DEVELOPEMENT Cognitive (Intellectual activity) Emotion Physical Social

CHARATERISTICS

Skills and potentialOn going - whole life Stages according to age Heredity & environment

Factors that influence child growth and development 1.NATURE

•An organism’s biological inheritance

Hormone

Principles Genetics

Hormone Disorder

Cause imbalance growth &

developmentFor male & female

Genetic Disorder

EFFECT GROWTH &

DEVELOPMENT OF BODY

SYSTEM

CHANGES IN CHROMOSOM

E

AneuploidyMore or lesschromosome

Trisomymore

Monosomy

Less

Trisomy

Extra Chromosome

e. g Down Syndrome

Monosomy

Missing Chromosome

e. g Turner Syndrome

Tetraploid

e. g not compatible with life

WHY DOES CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES

HAPPENED?

MATERNAL AGE

ENVIRONMENT

Gender

Physically? Emotionally? Personality? Intellectually ? Health ?

2. NUTURE

•Enviromental experiences

ENVIRONMENT

FAMILYPEERSSCHOOL

COMMUNITYCULTUREBELIEVESMEDIA

BEFORE BABY BORN

•MOTHERS HEALTH / EMOTION / ILLNESS

•NUTRITION•DRUGS•X RAYS EFFECT

AFTER BABY BORN

•NUTRITION•FAMILY FUNCTIONS•PEERS•SCHOOL•HOME ENVIROMENT•MEDIA•RELIGION•WORLD

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT1. PHYSICAL

GROWTH height weightteethbrain

sensory( individually/ heredity)

DEVELOPMENTMotor development

Thinking skillsAbilityPosture

( Fine and gross motor skill)

Simple complex

GROSS MOTOR DEVELOPMENT

•AGE/month•1-2 lift head•2-3 roll over, chest up•3-7 support some weight with legs,sits

without support, stand with support,pull stand to stand

•7 -10 walk with support•10-14 stand alone , walk alone( Santrock,2004)

2. COGNITIVE

BRAIN GROWTH

ABILITY in LANGUAGE

WORDS CONCEPTUAL

MEMORY

SOCIAL

COMMUNICATION & INTERACTION

WITH FAMILY, PEERS

GENDER DIFFERENCES,

FUNCTIONSWAY OF LIFE

EMOTION

BASIC EMOTION GROWTH

REFLEXES (eg. sucking,

rooting,stepping,Grasping,blinking,

foot stroke)

SIMPLE

COMPLEX

DISCUSSION

•1. “heredity is your destiny’•2.What are infants nutritional needs?•3. What three pieces of advice about

infant’s physical development would you want to give a friend who had just had a baby? Why?

•4. What are issues in starting a family? Having baby?

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

•How they differ / behaviour•What are the implications towards you ..

Principle of growth

•In order•From centre outward•From top downward•Individulized

Principles of development ( Human)

•All human go through same stage of development

•Continuously •Individualized•Mixed development at a time e.g social &

emotion •Depend on learning / training•From concrete to complex•From general to specific

CHILD DEVELOPMENT

DEVELOPMENT THEORIES

COGNITIVE J.PIAGET VYGOTSKY

SOSIOEMOTION HAVIGURST FREUDCARL ROGERS

PHYSICAL ERICK ERICKSON’S

FREUD

MORAL KOHLBERG J.PIAGET

ID

DIVERSITY

socioeconomic

cultural

gender

Sexual preferen

ceDevelopment

Personality

Learning styles

Learning

aptitide

interest