lecture -03

Gateway College of Architecture and Design, Sonipat Haryana

Lecture -03

Urban design vocabulary Morphology and Five elements of kelvin lynch

Lecture -03 Urban Design B.Arch. Ar. Lenin Gateway College of Architecture And Design

PLAZA, SQUARE, STREET,MORPHOLOGY,FIGUREGROUND

Lecture -03 Urban Design B.Arch. Ar. Lenin Gateway College of Architecture And Design Lecture -03 Urban Design B.Arch. Ar. Lenin Gateway College of Architecture And Design

Urban design vocabulary and Five elements of kelvin lynch

Plaza is an open, public place near a bustling city or town. The term plaza is derived from Spanish word, referring to an open field. Plazas are open places or city squares that are

surrounded by buildings, stores, shops and offices.

The plazas provide the people with an open area to sit, rest and can also include a scenic view of a fountain, statue, etc. Plazas are often large areas.

A town square is an open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings.

Most town squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets, music concerts, political rallies, and other events that require firm ground. Being centrally located, town squares are usually

surrounded by small shops such as bakeries, meat markets, cheese stores, and clothing stores.

At their centre is often a fountain, well, monument, or statue. Many of those with fountains are

actually named Fountain Square.

http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-plaza-and-square

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060626032844AAGVXrP




http://www.pps.org/great_public_spaces/one?public_place_id=912

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Krak%C3%B3w,_Widok_z_wie%C5%BCy_Ko%C5%9Bcio%

C5%82a_Mariackiego_-_fotopolska.eu_(220013).jpg




http://www.perutouristguide.com/english/23tu/english_23tu_pp_plaza.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaza_Mayor,_Madrid

Properties of Plaza

Length finely proportional to its width.

Statues as silhouettes against the sky above cornice

line.

Fountain signifying fine vintage point

Series of different shapes connected by traditional

narrow street, column screens or arches.




A square is a type of plaza.

Square is actually a square or a rectangular block of cement or grass that allows people to sit and enjoy the day.

An open area or plaza in a city or town, formed by the meeting or intersecting of two or more streets and often planted with grass, trees, etc., in the centre.

In the United States a town square typically consists of a park or plaza in front of the original county courthouse or town hall.

http://www.ll-itc-laila.it/archivio/news_2011/london




A street is a public thoroughfare (usually paved) in a built environment. It is a public parcel of land adjoining buildings in an urban context, on which people may freely assemble, interact, and move about. A street can be as simple as a level patch of dirt, but is more often paved with a hard, durable surface such as concrete, cobblestone or brick. Portions may also be smoothed with asphalt, embedded with rails, or otherwise prepared to accommodate non pedestrian traffic.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street

Elements of Urban Design given by Kelvin Lynch



Urban morphology is the study of the form of human settlements and the process of their formation and transformation.

The study seeks to understand the spatial structure and character of a metropolitan area, city, town or village by examining the patterns of its component parts and the process

of its development.

This can involve the analysis of physical structures at different scales as well as patterns of movement, land use, ownership or control and occupation.

Typically, analysis of physical form focuses on street pattern, lot (or, in the UK, plot) pattern and building pattern, sometimes referred to collectively as urban grain.

Analysis of specific settlements is usually undertaken using cartographic sources and the process of development is deduced from comparison of historic maps.

http://www.quazoo.com/q/Urban_morphology




http://www.eugeniomorello.eu/

http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/01___URBAN_MORPHOLOGY_SIMULATION___-generating_the_masterplan-436x332.jpg



FIVE ELEMENTS OF KELVIN LYNCH

The Concern of the City image so far studied, which are referable so physical forms, can

conveniently be classified in to five type of elements.

Paths, edges ,districts, nodes, and landmarks .

Theses elements may be of more general application, since they seem to reappear in many

types of environmental images.

1. Paths -They are the channels along which observer customarily , occasionally ,or

potentially moves. They may be streets, walkways, transit lines, canals, railroad.

For many people, these are predominant elements in their image. People observer the city while moving through it and along theses path other environmental

elements are arrange and related.




2. Edges

They are the linear elements nor used or considered as the path by observer . They are the boundaries between two phases, linear breaks in continuty , shores, railroad edged

of development ,wall.

Edges are may be barries, more or less permerrable, which close one region off from another ,or they may be seams, line along which two regions are related and joined together.

Edges elements although probably not as dominant as paths , are for many people important organinzimg features ,particularly in the role of holding together generalized area ,as in the

outline of a city by water or wall.




DISTRICT

District are the medium-to large sections of the city, conceived of as having two-dimensional extent, which the observer mentally enter inside of and which are

recognizable as having some common, identifying character.

Always identifiable from inside, they are also used for exterior reference if visible from the outside.

Most people structure their city to some extent in this way, with individual difference as to whether paths or district are the dominant elements.

It seems to depend not only upon the individual but also upon the given city.




Nodes

They are points , the Strategic spots in a city into which an observer can enter , and which are the intensive foci to from which he is traveling.

They may be primarily junction, places of break in transportation, crossing or convergence of paths, moments of shift from one structure to another or node be may be simply

concentrations, which gain their importance of some use or physical character ,as a street

corner hangout or an enclosed square .

Some of these Concentration nodes are the focus and epitome of a district over which Their influence radiates and of which they stand as a symbol. They may be called cores . In any event , some nodal points are to be the dominant feature.




Landmark

They are another type of point reference ,but in this case the observer does not enter within them,they are external.

They are usually physical object , building ,sign ,score, mountain. Some landmarks are distant ones ,typically seen from many angles and distance , over the

tops of smaller elements and used as a radial references.

They may be within the city or at such a distance that all practical . Purpose they symbolize a constant direction .Such are isolated towers, golden dome, great

hills.

Other landmarks are primarily local being visible only in restricted localities and form certain approaches .

They are frequently used clues of identification and even of structure and seen to be increasingly relied upon as a journey become more and more familiar.




https://www.pinterest.com/pin/320318592221550910/

http://contemporarycity.org/2014/03/kevin-lynch/

http://designforwalking.com/files/Post-2A.-Paths-in-Lynch.400.jpg

District- Recognizable as having some common identifying character.

Landmark- prominent feature of the city.

Node- Centre of Activity.

Pathway- Network of major and minor road.

lecture -03

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