• Lection 2• Theme: DENTAL FORMULA

(FORMULA OF TEETH). SIGNS OF TEETH. DRILLS. MODERN DOMESTIC AND OVERSEA STOMATOLOGICAL

OPTIONS.  OFFICE HOURS. ERGONOMICS IS IN DENTISTRY. CLASSIFICATION OF CARIOUS

CAVITIES AFTER BLACK. BASIC PRINCIPLES AND FEATURES OF

PREPARING OF CARIOUS CAVITIES

• The dental system of men belongs to the dyphiodontical system (there are two

changes of teeth: a suckling bite is 20 teeth,  permanent - 32 teeth. Anatomic formula of teeth of suckling bite — 2.1.2, that on every side of both overhead and lower jaw there are two incisives, one canines, two molars. Anatomic formula of teeth of permanent

bite — 2.1.2.3, that two incisives one canines, two premolars and three molars.

• For comfort of records of results of inspection of cavity of mouth the special charts which it is enough

different are developed. For today there are a few charts of record. More frequent in all use denotation

of dental row as a dental formula: 

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1   1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The second teeth in her are reflected the Arabic figures, and temporal (milk) — Roman:

              V IV III II I I II III IV V              V IV III II I I II III IV V

• For standardization of record of dental formula Worldwide organization of health protection (WOHP) and International federation of dentistry offered the ambiguous system of denotation of teeth depending on their placing on the proper side of overhead or lower jaw. Pursuant to her every tooth is written down two the Arabic figures, the first from which expresses the quadrant of the proper half of jaw, and second is sequence number of tooth in her. Both jaws of patient are up-diffused on four quadrants. The review of teeth is begun with a supramaxilla business and mark them by the number 1. Farther move after motion of hour-hand and mark the proper halves of jaws: upper left — the number 2, left lower — 3 and right lower — 4.

        1 quadrant            2 quadrant       4 quadrant            3 quadrant

• A dental formula at such method of denotation acquires such kind:

•  18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11   21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

supramaxilla on the right      the supramaxilla on the left   

                • 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31      41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

 the lower jaw on the right  the  lower jaw on the left        

• The charts of dental formula, on which all surfaces of crowns of the teeth are represented as if in the unfolded kind, are developed also. On them it is possible exactly to inflict localization of carious cavity, stopping or other pathological defeat on every separate tooth. In this formula frontal teeth have 4 surfaces, and premolars and molars is 5 surfaces. For correct interpretation of information of this formula the accepted is conditional denotation of surfaces for frontal teeth (incisives and canines): 1 is vestibular (labial) surface; 2 are medіal (middle); 3 is tongue (palatal) and 4 is distal surface. On premolar and molar: 1 is occlusive surface; 2 is vestibular (cheek); 3 are medіal; 4 is tongue (palatal) and 5 is distal surface.

• Types of drills, which today more frequent in all are used:

• stand-up feet not demountable, demountable, difficult;

• combined feet and with a motor;

• stand-up with an electromotor (stationary);

• hangings wall with an electric motor;

• portable;        high-speed;

• universal dentistry options.

• Ergonomics is science which is engaged in the study of dependence between a man and his surroundings during labour. The name originates from combination of two sciences: ergologia- science about labour and its influence on a performer, and economy - science which studies the effects of labour. In dentistry introduction of such methods of labour, which allow to get most its productivity at the least efforts of worker, is the primary purpose of ergonomics.

• Ergonomics gets busy, by the way, by a health, safety, hygiene and comfort of work of dentistry collective and even rational rest.

• Ergonomics in dentistry engulfs four basic problems:

• man (dentistry collective and patient);

• apparatus, instruments and materials;

• organization of labour is in a dentistry cabinet;

• terms of surroundings.

Mirrors

Forceps

Knives

Spatulas

Set of filling instruments