lect 1 thoery class
TRANSCRIPT
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Introduction to some jargonsy Process
y Mean value
y Standard deviationy CV %
y Attribute data
y Variable data
y P-value
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Why Charts and graphs
y Visualization of data
y Easy troubleshooting by allocating the problem in thegraph
y Flexible accessibility to huge amount of data on asingle sheet
y Easy decision making
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BackgroundTypes of variation
Processvariation
Test methodvariation
Commonvariation Specialvariation
*Differentiation of common cause of variation and special cause
of variation
Operator
related issue
Machine
related issue
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The concept
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The concept
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Six sigma
yWhat is six sigma
y The 3.4 defects ppm conceptyWho is the inventor of this all
yWhat is the reason of getting it more and morepopular
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The companies achieved 6 sigmay The list can be retrieved at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Six_Sigma_companies
y Some examples
y Amazon.com Dell DHL Ford G.E Honeywell
y Kraton polymers PIA PSO
y McGraw Hill United states army
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DMAICy Define the problem
y Measure the data from the process
y Analyze the problem and find the root causey Improve the process based on analysis
y Control the process
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Process analysis using chartsy Two fundamental types of charts for SPC
Run charts Control charts
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How to differentiate common and
special causes of variationy Common cause variation:
y It is inherent in process
y Produced my multiple interactions between processvariables
y The collection of variables and their interactions iscalled system of common causes.
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How to differentiate common and
special causes of variation
y Variation in the process that is assignable to a specific
cause or causes
y This type of variation arises because of specialcircumstances
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Actions to take immediately on
finding some variationy Immediately try to understand when a special cause
occurred.
yDetermine what was different when the special causeoccurred
y Identify ways to prevent the special cause fromrecurring
y Actions:y Immediately make basic changes in process
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Control chartsy These are the graphical display of the process stability
and instability.
y Process stability: certain degree of consistency
y Process consistency: process in control limits of 3
sigma
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Reason for using control charts
y Monitor process variation over time
y To find the effectiveness of changes in processy Differentiate between special and common cause of
variation
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Run charts and control charts
y Control charts like run charts display data in time
sequencey Control charts are more efficient in assessing and
improving process stability.
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Types of control chartsy One type is that displays the attribute data and the
second one displays the variable data.
y Generally used types of control charts
y X bar and Rcharts
y Individual and moving range charts