lec 25 small ruminants
TRANSCRIPT
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Ovis aries
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General Information
• Ovine
• Male = ram
• Female = ewe
• Young = lamb
• Castrated male = wether
• Act of giving birth = lambing
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Anatomy
• Ruminant
• Dental pad
• Even-toed ungulate
• Polled or horned
• Acute sense of smell and hearing
• Wool producer
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Statistics
• Average Temperature 101 – 103 F
• Heart rate 70 – 80 bpm
• Respiration 12 – 20
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Breeding
• Seasonally polyestrus
• Gestation 150 days
• Puberty 8 months
• Birth care: Doc tails,
dip umbilical cord
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Behavior
• Not smart!
• Creatures of habit
• Panic Easily
• Flocking instinct
• Like quiet
• Not generally aggressive
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Housing Needs
• Protection from Rain/cold
• Need shade
• Well drained pasture
• Protection from predators
• Fencing
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Nutritional Needs
• Grazers
• Good pasture
• Good quality hay
• Grain
• Fresh water
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Handling
• Approach quietly
• Moving
• Hand under chin
• Hind leg
• Set up on rump/turn head
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Breeds
• Over 800 breeds
• Classified as: MeatWoolDual
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Capra hircus
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General Information
• Caprine
• Male = buck
• Female = doe
• Young = kid
• Castrated male = wether
• Act if giving birth = kidding
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Stastics
• Temperature 101 – 104 F
• Heart rate 80 – 120 kids
70 – 80 Adults
• Respiration 12 – 20
• Rumen contractions 1 – 3/ min
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Anatomy
• Ruminant
• Even-toed ungulate
• Dental Pad
• Horned or polled
• Scent glands in males
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Breeding
• Seasonally polyestrus
• Gestation 150 days
• Puberty 7 to 10 months
• Multiple births common
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Behavior
• Intelligent
• Curious
• Aggressive/playful
• Clean
• Pecking Order
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Housing & Nutrition
• Similar to Sheep
• Browsers
• Hate to Get Wet
• Fresh water
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Handling
• Resist Heavy Restraint
• Agile
• Climbers/ Jump
• Catch by chest, chin, horns
• Halter
• Stanchion
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Breeds
• Over 40
• Dairy
• Meat
• Pack
• Pets/companions
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Health ConcernsSheep and Goats
• Bloat: Serious buildup of gas in digestive tract. Frothy bloat or dry bloat
• Enterotoxemia: (overeaters disease) Symptoms: Diarrhea, circling, convulsions and sudden death. Vaccine available
• Foot rot: Fungus. Lameness usually first sign. NUMBER 1 problem with sheep
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• CAE (goats) Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus transmitted through mother’s milk. No treatment or vaccine
• Pneumonia (especially in sheep) Caused by several bacteria or viruses. Symptoms – off feed, fever, death!
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Tetanus
Caused by organism in soil (Clostridium tetani)
Grows in absence of 02. Puncture wound
Signs: Stiffness in hind end, unable to swallow, bloat
80% fatal
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Mange
• Lice burrowing under skin
• Highly contagious
• Reportable disease, includes quarantine
• High economic losses
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Scours
• Usually a problem in lambs 1 to 3 weeks of age – especially if bottle fed.
• Milk irritating to intestines – too much cause rawness of lining leading to diarrhea
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Worms
• Big problem with sheep because of grazing habits.
• Worm with broad spectrum wormer minimum of twice a year.