Learning Target

We will describe the impact of Communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and Tiananmen Square.

Key Terms

• 1. Nationalism

• 2. Republic of China/Nationalist Party

• 3. Mao Zedong and Chinese Communist Party

• 4. Sun Yixian

• 5. Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalist Republic of China

• 6. Civil War and the Long March

• 7. People’s Republic of China

• 8. People’s Republic of China and the Red Army

• 9. Collective Farming

• 10. Great Leap Forward

• 11. Culture Revolution

• 12. Red Guards

• 13. Deng Xiaoping 1980-1997

• 14. Beiging’s Tiananmen Square Demonstrations and Massacre

• 15. Goddess of Democracy/America’s Statue of Liberty

China’s Nationalism

• Influenced China after WWI.

• Chinese nationalists were able to overthrow the Qing Dynasty in 1912.

• A dynasty that had ruled China since the 1600s.

• New Government: Republic of China

• Goal: End foreign control in China’s affairs.

• Political Party: Nationalist Party

• Leader: Sun Yixian

• New government failed to bring order to China or help the Chinese people.

• Crime was high, famine, poor agriculture

Mao Zedong • Young Chinese were angry

and wanted an end to the failed government of Sun Yixan and the Nationalist Party.

• Turned to Russia and their Communist Revolution as an alternative .

• 1921: A group of young Chinese men and a young teacher, Mao Zedong, met in Shanghai to form the first Chinese Communist Party.

China’s Political Parties

• Sun Yixan died and Jiang Jieshi takes his place.

Under new leadership, the two parties worked together.

1. Nationalist Party (Original)

2. Chinese Communist Party (New)

Jiang Jieshi

Sun Yixan

Violence

• Jieshi and the Nationalist Party turned on Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communist Party.

• Many killed and by 1929, Jieshi formed the new “Nationalist Republic of China”

• Mao Zedong survives the attack on the Communist and turns to the peasants living in the countryside for support.

• A civil war began between Mao and his communist followers and the Nationalist government of Jieshi.

1933 Civil War in China and the Long March

• Mao lead over 600,000 people into the mountains to escape being defeated by the nationalist government.

• They walked nearly 6,000 miles to avoid capture.

• This journey is known as the Long March.

• Important event for Chinese Communists today. A sign of Mao’s dedication to his cause for the Chinese people.

World War II

• The Chinese communists and the Nationalist forces call a temporary truce during WWII. Both groups fought to keep the Japanese from taking over China.

• At the end of WWII, the truce ended and civil war between the two groups continued from 1946-1949.

• Mao’s Communist known as the Red Army, swept the Nationalist government from power and in 1949, Mao proclaimed the creation of the People’s Republic of China, a communist government that now led one of the largest countries in the world.

Mao’s Government

• 1. Private ownership was eliminated and production quotas were set for agriculture and industry.

• 2. 1958 = organize all farms into large collectives, where all ownership and decision making would be in the hands of the government.

• 3. Programs known as the Great Leap Forward because Mao believed great changes would follow.

• 4. Farmers dislike these collective large farms and wanted their smaller farms and their own land again.

• 5. Farmers didn’t work hard on this collective farms and crops failed.

• 6. China had famines as a result of failed crops.

• The Great Leap Forward was abandoned in 1960.

Cultural Revolution

• 1. Mao urged students to leave school and make war on anything in Chinese society that looked like it was encouraging class differences.

• 2. Mao was for a classless society where everyone was treated exactly the same and no one had more than anyone else.

• 3. Many students were organized into an army known as the Red Guards.

India’s Example

Red Guards and the Culture Revolution of China

• 1. Single out and remove anyone who was preventing China from becoming a classless society.

• 2. Mao wanted China to become a nation of farmers and workers, all of whom would be equal.

• 3. Leaders in the Chinese community who seemed to be in higher positions were attacked by the Red Guards.

• 4. Business managers, college professors, even government officials who were not in the Culture Revolution were thrown out.

• 5. Some were put in prison and others were actually killed.

• 6. China was in chaos and the Culture Revolution raged on for almost 10 years.

• 7. Mao admitted to this Culture Revolution as a mistake and in 1976 the Red Guard was ended and gradually order returned to China.

Deng Xiaoping

• Mao dies in 1976

• In 1980, Deng Xiaoping was named the leader of China.

• Xiaoping was more moderate in his ideas about the path China should follow.

• Allows farmers to own some of their own land and make decisions about what they wanted to grow.

• Allows private businesses to organize, and he opened China to foreign investment and technological advances.

• He knew that opening up to the western business meant that the Chinese people were also exposed to western ideas.

Deng Xiaoping • In 1989, many communist

governments around the world were under siege for their leadership and ideas.

• China’s students began protests again communism.

• Huge demonstrations resulted in Beijing's Tiananmen Square with over 10,000 students protesting.

• Students believed their communist government was corrupt. They wanted a democracy.

Tiananmen Square Demonstrations

• The Goddess of Democracy statue built and erected by students and modeled after the America’s Statue of Liberty.

Tiananmen Square Massacre

• 1. June 4, 1989

• 2. Chinese government ordered soldiers in Tiananmen Square to breakup the demonstrations.

• 3. Soldiers fired on students, destroyed the statue, and arrested thousands of demonstrators.

• 4. The pro-democratic movement was eliminated.

• 5. Deng Xiaoping remained in power until his death in 1997.

Tiananmen Square Massacre At about 1 a.m. Chinese troops reach Tiananmen Square. Throughout the day, Chinese troops fire on civilians and students, ending the demonstrations. An official death toll has never been released.

• Red Army = Mao’s Communist Army

• Famine = When a country can’t supply enough food for its people.

• Long March = Mao lead 600,000 people into the mountains to avoid capture from the Nationalist. They traveled 6,000 miles.

• Mao Zedong = He established and lead the first Chinese Communist Party.

• Truce= A temporary agreement to stop fighting.

• People’s Republic of China = in 1949, Mao created the Communist People’s Republic of China after taking control of the government from the Nationalists.

• Collective Farms in China= When all farms were organized into large farms and owned and controlled by the government.

• The Great Leap Forward=The Great Leap Forward was a push by Mao Zedong to change China from a largely agricultural (farming) society to a modern, industrial society - in just five years.

• Classless Society= Part of Mao’s Cultural Revolution to eliminate classes of people. All people would be equal.

• Red Guards= The name of the new army of young people Mao Zedong used to enforce his policies in the 1960s.

• Tiananmen Square Protests= Student protest in Beijing, China during 1989 in support of a democratic government.

• Goddess of Democracy Statue= The statue build by Chinese students during the Tiananmen Square protests to represent the US. Statue of Liberty and promote democracy

• Tiananmen Square Massacre= The Chinese government ordered the military to dissolve the protest by firing on students and arresting students.

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Textbook Pages 196-199•Write and answer questions 587-596

•Write the question but use an ABCD answer.

•We will check your answer and then write it.

•Map Test: Tuesday, 1-20-15

•Communist China Test: 1-20-15